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Photograpliic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

Wf  BSTiR,  N  Y.  M5I0 

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THE 


PICTURESQUE  TOUEJST: 

BEING 
TIIEOUGH   THE 

STATE  OF  HE]y  YOJUv 


AND 


%fr  mia  fofe  €imnk, 


INOLTTDINO  A 


HUDSON  RlYEll  GUIDE; 


GIVIXO 


I      ^^   ACCUKATE    DESCRIPTION  OF   CITIES    Aicn   vm 

}  J  CELEBRATED  PLACES  ^^I^^^^^'  ''''""'• 


^m  i«ajp«  nni,  Jjn„,.tr«tfon«. 


NKVV    VOliK. 
PtIBLISIlED    „Y    J.    prSTUKNELL 

No.    888    BBOADWAT.  ' 

1858. 


-Hi 


Entored,  uccording  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  yenr  1S58,  by 

JOHN     DISTURNELL, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


DAVIKS    AMD    UOHKUTS, 
STEBEOTVPEKB, 

118  Nim<iH'«t.,  y.  Y. 


jonN  J.  RKKn, 
48  Ccntfi-Kt,  X.  r. 


Tjsie  arra 
found  to  di 
class. 

The  gener 
and  faithful 
ness,  or  for 
of  the  Unite 

The  city  ( 
emporium  in 
(ho  first  ins 
foreign,  is  cli 
posed  to  comi 
will  conduct 
West.  Nort 
through  the  I 
fivmous  Spvii 
George,  and 
Westward,  oy 
through  the 
of  Now  York 


TO  THE  lIKADEPv. 


The  arrangement  of  the  Picturesque  Tourist  will  be 
found  to  differ,  in  some  respects,  from  works  of  the  same 
class. 

The  general  object  of  this  book  is  to  furnish  a  convenient 
and  faithful  guide  for  strangers,  whether  traveling  on  busi- 
ness, or  for  pleasure,  or  health,  through  the  northern  section 
of  the  United  States  and  the  Canadas. 

The  city  of  New  York,  as  being  the  principal  commercial 
emporium  in  the  country,  and  the  chief  center  of  resort,  in 
the  first  instance,  for  distant  travelers,  whether  native  or 
foreign,  is  chosen  as  the  point  from  which  the  tourist  is  sup- 
posed to  commence  his  excursion.  Starting  thence,  this  Guide 
will  conduct  him  along  the  principal  linos  of  travel  North  and 
West.  Northward  he  will  proceed  up  tlie  Hudson  River, 
through  the  flourishing  cities  at  the  head  of  navigation,  to  the 
famous  Springs  at  Ballston  and  Saratoga— thence  to  Lake 
George,  and  by  the  way  of  Lake  Champlain  into  Canada. 
WoBtward,  over  the  line  of  the  J\ew  York  Central  Railroad, 
through  the  rich  midland  and  western  counties  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  to  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo— thcnoo  northerly 


ige 
113 

F 

19 

to 

U 

;2 

8 
4 

5 
7 


IV 


TO    THE    READKR. 


through  Canada,  passing  over  Lake  Ontario  and  down  the  St. 
Lawrence  to  Montreal,  Quebec,  and  the  Saguenay  River; 
noticing,  on  each  route,  the  places  and  scenery  most  worthy 
of  the  attention  of  the  tourist,  either  for  memorable  events  or 
for  local  attractions,  and  aiming,  in  the  accounts  of  them, 
more  at  simple  accuracy  than  at  embellished  description. 
Such  are  tlie  scope  and  design  of  this  Traveler's  Guide. 

J.  D. 

New  York,  June,  1858. 


CONTENTS. 


Tablk  of  Distancks,  etc.,  from  the  city  of  New  York  to 

the  principal  Cities  in  the  Northern  States  and  Canada.  13 

New  York  and  Harlem  Railroad  Route 15 

Hudson  Rivor  Railroad  Route. 17 

Tour  from  Nkw  York  to  Albany,  Troy,  etc.,  via  Hud- 
son  River jg 

Jersey  City— Hobokf-n— Weeiiawkon— Manhattanviile! . .    20 
Fort  Washington— Fort  Lee— Palisades— Spuy ten  Duyvel 
Creek 21 

Yonkers— Hastings— Dobbs'  Ferry —Piermont . . . . . , . . .  22 

Tappan  Bay~-Irvington— Tarry  town 23 

Nyack—Rockland  Lake— Sing-Sing 24 

Croton,   or  Teller's,  Point  — Haverstraw—Verplanck's 

Point _  25 

Caldwell's  Landing— Peekskill. . . . . . . . . . . '.  . . '. '. '. ". '. ". '. ". ".  27 

Mahopac  Lake— Fort  Independence— ilighlands. .    . . .    ,  28 

West  Point— U.  S.  Military  Acadt-my 29 

Coldspring— Beacon  Hill \\" "    ' " '  jjj 

Crow's  Nest— Cornwall— Newburgh 82 

Fishkill  -  Matteawan— Olenham *. 8a 

Now  Hamburgli  --.Milton— Poughkeepsie  .      .    84 

Now  Paltz  -Hyde  Park .'..".".".".'.'  36 

Esopus  Meadows— l{ondout— Kingston ............  m 

Rhinobock— liarrytown J57 

Tivoli— Suigortios— Catskill .  . , .  38 

Catskill  Muuntain  House— Pino  Orchard  .    ".    89 

City  of  Hudson ■■.,,,..././//.[.....  40 

Cohuabia  .springs ......!........  41 

New  Lebiincm  i^prin^irt— Cousackie ................  42 

Stuyvu.sant—Cooy mans— Overslaugh ...".*.*..' .' ." . .  43 

City  of  Albany .'..*...*.  44 

Distances  from  Albany  to  Boston,  Moiatreal,"etc. . .  .* ....  47 

1* 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


Page 
49 


Albany  Ninety  Years  Since 50 


65 
66 


Hudson  River  Steamboats • 

Clermont,  or  Experiment  Boat 

TovR  TO  Saratoga  SmrnGs  Lake  George,  etc.  :  ^^ 

Railroad  Routes— Ballston  bpa •  ^q 

Saratoga  Springs  •;••.••:••••.••• * .'  .61-69 

Analvsii  of  the  Principal  Springs  ...:•.•• ^q 

Ron  fto  Lake  George.  Lake  Champlam.  etc '0 


Route  to  Lake  George. 

Western  Tour  : 
City  of  Schenectady 


•t^^^ 


71 

73 


City  ot  Bcneneota-ujr  •••••••• t,„i„+;„(»  Tiridffe.   ...     T6 

Amsterdam-Fonda-Johnstown-Palatme  linage.. . . .     ^^ 

Sharon  Springs ••••••.•■• 76 

Cooperstown-Richfield  Springs ... . .  •  ■  • .q 

Fort  Plain-St.  Johnsville— Little  Falls 

West  Canada  Creek-Herkimer-Mohawk •     ^^ 

City  of  Utica 79 

Trenton  Falls . ,  81 

Whitesborough— Oriskany g2 

Rome— Oneida  Depot -Canastota gg 

Chittenango-Cazenovia-Syracuse    .       .  ^ .........  ^^ 

Geddes-Liverpool-Onondaga  Salt  Springs ^^ 

CamiUus-Jordan-Skaneateles-Auburn ^^ 

Weedsport-Port  Byron-Montezuma ;;;;....,•  88 

Cayuga  Lake • 89 

Cayuga  Village— Springport •  •  •  qq 

Levannar— Aurora. ., 91 

Sheldrake  Point— Ithaca 

Lakes  OF  Western  New  York:  '  g2 

Oneida,  Lake-Onon-iaga  La^^e  ^. .  ^.  • .  •  •  • •  •  • '  •  gg 

Oti8«50  Lake-Cayuga  Lake-Seneca  Lake ^^ 

Canandaigua  Lake •  •  •  • 96 

Crooked  Lake-Chautauque  Lake 

96 

Seneca  Falls 97 

Waterloo— Geneva 98 

Clyde— Lyons •  • "  *  o  "  '•  * '  1 . .    99 

Newark-Palmyra-Clifton  Springs ^^^ 

Canandaigua— Rochester ■'.'..".".!....  103 

Avon  opriugs ••••,■•:; ''......'....  104 

Batavia— Attica-Brockport ....  105 

Albion— Modina-Locicport j06 

Niagara  Falls. . .  •  •  ■  ■  •  •••••• '*'.'.....  108 

Lakes  and  Canals  of  New  York 


COXTKVTS.  yij 

Buffalo  TO  Niagara  F..,i..,  Toau.vTo,  etc.  :  ^"*'' 

fZI  ff"M~^'"''"^  Island-Navy  Island-Chippewa - 
Falls  of  Niagara-Chfton-Queenston-Brock'sMonu- 
ment-Niagara-Fort  George . .  :109-113 

Niagara  River  : 
Its   Rapids,   Falls,    Islands,   and   Romantic   Scenery- 
Grand  Island-Tonawanda— Iris,  or  Goat  Isiand. . . .  114-1 18 

Cataract  op  Niagara  : 
American  Fall -Canadian,  or  Horse  Shoe,  Fsll-?uspen- 

S?ri;«^r,7^l^T^P°°^  and  Rapids-Maid  of  the  .Vi?t- 

Niagara  Falls  Village-Lewiston-Youngstown 119-126 

Lake  Ontario  : 

Beautiful  Mirage,  Route,  etc i27  128 

Steamboat  Routes  : 

Lake  Ontario  and  River  St.  Lawrence  Steamers. . .  .129,  130 
Trip  from  Lewiston  to  Oswego,  Kingston,  and  Qg- 

DENSBURGH  :  »  x^u 

Kr  ^r  ^T(^?^^.^°**°'   ^'^   P«^*^    Genesee-Genesee 
Kiver- Great  Sodus  Bay— Little  Sodus  Bay— Oswego.i;]l-138 

Railroad  and  Steamboat  Route  from  Syracuse  to 

i>IIAGARA  1  ALLS,  Via  OsWEGO JQO 

Oswego  to  Kingston,  Ogdensburgh,  etc  • 
p^lL^^ru'"'"^^^™^''  River-Sacket's  HuVbor-Black 
PrZr-    T'^f,  ^'^y-Cape  Vincent -Clayton,  or 
French,  ,.reek-Alexandria  Bay-Well's  Island-.Mor- 
nstown-Ogdensburgh 140-144 

Trip  from  Niagara  and  Hamilton  to  Toronto  and 

Kingston,  Canada  : 

Port  Dalhousie-Welland  Canal-St.  Cathorine's-HAM- 

LTON-Oakville-Port  Credit  -  Toronto  -  Oshawa- 

k7v.?'P'~^'^°"'«-^"^^  Island-Amherst  Island- 

IVINIJSTON .«-.•• 

jr  „  J  4o-lo4 

Kingston  to  Belleville  and  Port  Trenton  : 
1  ay   of   Qumt6-Fredericksburg-Picton-Belleville- 
Port  Trenton-River  Trent-Ricf  Lake,      ..165-167 

List  of  American  and  British  Steamers 168-101 

Canals  of  Canada ,^. 

Trip  from  Kingston  to  Montreal  : 

,       ,.^  j,^.^  Qj.  ^^^j,^jj^i    island _OajjQ  i^i 

AdmTraUvVf^'"/  ~?'"^^"  I«l.md-Grindstone  Isfandi 
Admiralty  Islands-Amateur  Islands-Brockville-Pros- 

Matilda  -  Waddington  -  Williamsburg  _  Louisville  — 


Viii  CONTENTS. 

Page 
Long  Saut  Rapids— Cornwall— St.  Regis— Lake  St.  Fran- 
cis—Coteau  (ill  Lac  — Cedar  Rapids  —  Beauharnois— 
Cauglinawaga— La  Chine  Rapids— St.   Lawrence  River 
and  Rapids Ib3-1(0 

Railroad  Route  from   Montreal,  to  Toronto,  via 
Grand  Trunk  Railway: 
St.  Anne's— Isle  Perot— Vaudreuil— Cornwall,  etc. . .  1  n  -1 .  J 

Montreal  :  ioa  i«r 

Grand  Trunk  Railway,  etc iau-l»o 

Trip  from  Montreal  to  Ottawa  City,  etc  : 

St.  Anne's— Lake  of  the  Two  Mountains— Carillon— Point 
Fortune— Grcnville—Rideau  Falls— Chaudiere  Falls— 
City  of  Ottawa— Aylmer—Arnprior— Pembroke 18G-190 

Ottawa  River: 

Chaudiere  Falls,  etc 191-1% 

Lakr  George: 
Caldwell-Falls  of  Ticonderoga,  etc 197-iUU 

LakeChamplain: 
Mississquoi  Bay,  etc ^^ji-^kjo 

List  of  Steamers  running  on  Lake  Champlain— Table  of 
Distances— Whitehall,  etc 204-206 

Trip  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Poin  ?,  etc.  : 

Ticonderoga— Crf,wn  Point— Port  Henry— Wcsfport— 
Fort  Cassin— Split  Rock— Essex— Burlington -Port 
Kent  —  Keeseviile  —  Au  Sable  River  —  Port  Jackson— 
PLATT>BUhGH  —  Battle  of  Pittsburgh  -  Cumbeiland 
Head  — Chazy  — Isle  au  Motte  — Alburgh  -  llighgate 
Springs  — Nississquoi  Bay— Rouse's  Point -St.  John's, 
Canada— Chambly  Canal 20<  -230 

Table  OF  Distances  : 

Montreal  to  Albany,  Portland,  Quebec,  Toronto,  etc  231,  232 

Trip  from  Montreal  to  Qukhec  : 

Lon<Tueuil  -Rapids  of  St.  M.iry— Varenncs-Sorol,  or 
William  Henry  -Luke  St.  Peter— Three  Rivers-Hiche- 
lieu  Rapids -Cape  Ruiige— Wulles  Cove 233-237 

The  Citadel— Plains  of  Abraham- Wolfe's  Monument--       ^ 
Oen.  Montgomovy .....  =  .., 237-24b 

Vicinity  of  Quebec  : 
Cape  Rouge  -Falls  of  Lorette-Falls  of  Montmoronci— 
Falls  of    St.    Anne -Lake   St.   Charles— Point   Levi— 
Chaudiere  Falls ■ 247-250 


CONTENTS.  IJ 

_  Page 

Trip  from  Quebec  to  thk  Saguenay  Kiver,  etc.  : 
Island  of  Orleans— St.  Patrick's  Hole—Madam  Island- 
Cape  Tourment—Grosse  Island  — St.  Thomas  —  Crane 
Island— Isle  aux  Coudres— Murray  Bay— Kamouraska— 
Red  Island— River  du  Loup— Kakouna— Tadousac .  .2')l-2o9 
Saguenay  River  : 
Tete  du   Boule— St.  Louis  Island— Eternity  Point  and 
Cape  Trinity— Tableau— Ha-Ha,  or  Great  Bay— Chicou- 
timi— Lake  St.  John 260-26o 

Trip  to  Murray  Bay,  Tadousac,  Ha-Ha  Bay,  etc.266-2G8 
Anticosti  : 

Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  etc 269-271 

Value  of  Moneys,  etc 272 

Gband  Pleasure  Excursion  : 

New  York  to  Niagara  Falls,  Toronto,  Montreal,  etc.  .273-275 

Trip  from  Montreal  to  Quebec  and  Return 276-279 

Montreal  to  Boston  and  New  York 280,  281 

Lake  George  and  its  Stkamers 281-284 

Appendix  : 

Prince  Edward's  Island— Cape  Breton— Nova  Scctia— 
New  Brunswick— Canada,  etc 285-288 

Survey  of  the  Ottawa  and  French  River  Route 289 

Reports,  Estimates,  etc.,  relative  to  the  Improvement  of 
^  the  Navigation  of  the  River  St.  Lawrence 290-292 

St.  Lawrence  and  Champlain  Ship  Canal 293,  294 

Advertisements 295-320 


j)nfiyiiaii,iiir.<iai« 


\. 


fist  fif  CSmbtlUsijmcnts. 


Page 

1.  Frontispiece— New  York  Harbor  from  the  Battery. 

2.  Vignette — Bowling  Green  Fountain. 

8.  Palisades — Hudson  River *" 

4.  Map  of  the  Hudson  River •  ■    19 

5.  Stony  Point— Hudson  River 26 

6.  Map  of  Lake  Charaplain,  and  surrounding  country. . .    70 

7.  High  Falls— Trenton,  New  York 80 

8.  Brock's  Monument— Quecnston  Heights 112  ''  ^'' 

9.  Rapids  in  Niagara  River,  above  American  Fall 118 

10.  American  Fall  by  Moonlight 119 

11.  Map  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  surrounding  country 127 

12.  Fort  Niagara— Mouth  of  Niagara  River 132 

13.  Cedar  Rapids- St.  Lawrence  River 171 

14.  Steamboat  Landing,  Burlington,  Vt 215 

15.  Cape  Trinity  ant  Point  Eternity —S^gueuay  Rivor ... .  262 


5. 


Page 
ittery. 

, 12 

.......    19 

26 

atry ...    70 

80 

112,'''-" 

118 

119 

r 127 

132 

171    •■ 

215 

Ivor....  252 


^:.  '  ■'  ,^ 


I 


TABLE  OF  DISTANCES,  ETC., 

FEOM  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  TO  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES 
>:-^  THE  MIDDLE,  NOETIIEEN,  AND  EASTERN  STATES   AND 

CANADA.  ' 

^KW  YoKK  to  Newakk,N.  J.,  ^ia  New  Jersey  Railroad...      9  0    80 

New  Brunswick,              "                  «        ' " '    oi  Y    ?^ 

T>'^^'^«^'            "        "    :::  ?J  I II 

I'lnLADELPiiiA,  ina  Phil,  and  Trenton  R.  R..    68  4    80 

^\  IL.MINOTOX,  Del.,  cm  Phil,  and  Bait.  R.  R.  116  «    80 

Havre  de  Crrace,  Md.,       "              "        «       iKft  ^^ 

B.A.LTI.MORE,                ••               ..                   a           «         jg^  i       "" 

Wasuingtox,  D.  C,  rut  Bait,  and  Ohio  R.  R.  225  11    80 

pw  York  to  HAKRisBirno,  Pa.,  ria  Philadelphia 194  9    00 

Altoona,  Pa.,  Tin  Pennsylvania  R.  R 824  15    m 

Cleveland,  O.,  t'ia  Pittsburgh .■.'.'.'.■.'.' 580  25    uO 

Uw  YoHK  to  Goshen,  via  New  York  and  Erie  R.  R  . . . .      60  8    1-5 

'                     PortJervis,          "                   "        •«                 so  a    nn 

Great  Bend,  Pa..  -                    «        «    i;.':::  201  8    S 

BiNGHAMTON,          "                            «           «.                      oVfi  n     ^ 

Owego,                  «                    »        „    216  9    00 

Corning,               "                   «        „    274  11    00 

HornellsviUe,       "                   «        u    fJ  ik    ^ 

BuPiTALo,  i,ia  Buffalo  Division 424  18    00 

DL-NKiKK,t-iaNew  York  and  Erie  R.R.;..".  460  19    00 

Cleveland,  0.,  ria  Dunkirk 602  25    00 

Cincinnati,  o.,  i-m  Cleveland 857  84    00    • 

Chicago,  111.,  via  Cleveland  and  Toledo  ....  957  87    00 

fw  York  to  Poughkeepsio,OTa  Hudson  River  R.R 75  2    45 

'                    Hudson,                        u           «        «               .,{„  A    ?J,    ' 

Albany,                        «           «         a      J]J  K    ^ 

Schenectady,  via  New  York  Central  R.  r".  ! .'  16I  6    80    ^ 

SweP           "       ::     "  ••  '^'  12  S  ' 

Savir"'       ::     ;:    :;  ••  ^'^  5«  S 

BL-FPAf^                       «                                  "406  16    20 

Lockport,                     «              ,.           «     "1^5  17    XX 

Niagara  Falls,         «             «          «     "  £?  H    JJ 

To\"oNTo'^'  ^«  "  "^'^  ^'i?''*  ^^«t«^°  K-  «•  •  •  •  •  4W  21    00 

lOKONTO,                               "                 u               ((                  ^ou  no      „» 

Bktuoit,  Mich.,           «            «          «    ••••  ^??  28    00 

^'"'^''■^".i'l-.fia  Michigan  Central  R.R....  960  87    00, 

'  -.  OBK  to  Albany,  via  Hudson  River  R.  R 144  g    00 

"*^^'                      "              '*           *'                              150  li     IK 

Saratoga  Springs  ?'ja  Albanv -^idTrov        "182  T    80 

Lake  George,  cm  Saratoga  Springs .........  211  10    00 

2 


J4  TABLE    OF    DISTANCES,    ETC. 

Mlle«. 
-Nbw  Yoek  to  Whitehall,  via  Saratoga  &  Whitehall  E.  R.  2M 

I'lattsburgh,  "^  ;'^  g.;,^ 

SrTtBiL'ca., t>/a  Cham. and  St. Law.R.il.  305 
Swr  YOEK  to  Chatham  Four  Corners,  N.  Y.  &  Harle.m  lUl.  180 

Albany,  „  ,,  „     -^r^^ 

TuoY, 


Montreal,  Ca.,  ■yta  Cham 

=  Kkw  York  U»  New  Haven,  Conn.,  via  Kailroad 78 

Hartford  "  ,.        -.og 

Bpringfteld  Mass..  "        ^'.^ 

Boston  ri«  Western  Eailroad ^f 

Creeufleld,  via  Connecticut  Kiyer  K.  K ^ '* 

Bellows  Falls,  yt.,    ;  '^         „    f^^^ 

Windsor,  .    _.  _,„„,  {^W  <>/;o 

White  lliver  Junction.  ■»'«  Jerm.  Cent.  R.  K.  2  - 
Wells'  River,  via  Conn.  &  Pass.  River  R.  R.  3U4 
White  MounUiius,  N.  11.,  via  White  Mount- 

ainEailroad °^^ 

'tKB«:Y0RK  to  New  London  Conn.,  via  Steamer ll'^ 

WoTcKSTEU,  Mais,  ria  Stenm'er  and  Raliroad  186 

NaTua  N.  Ih'ria  Wor.  and  Nashua  R.  R. .  ffi 
Manchester,  N.  H.,  via  Concord  Railroad . . .  '^49 

,  Wk.?"smatlon "n.  II.  (Lake Winniplssoogoc)  m 

Plymouth  N.  U.,  ri.t  Boston,  Con.  &  M«>'it.  ^^^ 

Railroad :-,■"  i "  VV  '.,'*' 

Wells'  River,  Vt.,  via  Boston  Con..  &  Mont.  ^^^^^^ 

Li^Slr  N:  Ii;.-r/a  Willie  Mouijiain  r'  R ' !  »«0 
WniTK  Mountains  N.  II..  via  titugo 400 

.NllwYoBCtoB^idngm  Con.^  ,^^  | 

La™ce.  Mass.,  ri.r  Boston  &  Maine  R.  R.  '^44 
Dover,  N.  11..  \\  \\  ..       .^^ 

Si'Mlris  Me.,  via  Grand  Trunk  RiUlway  878 

(lorlium  N.  II.,              *'       ,    *  .„fl 

White  Mountains,  N.  H.,  via  Stage *i-» 

•  NbW  Y««k  to  Newport  R.  I.,  r/a  Steamer J^J 

Fall  River,  Muss.         "        ■■  ;„  ■,;  "•  "V  "  .mi 
New  Bedford,  «/a  Steamer  and  Railroad ....  f»^ 

Saie'in  Mass.  via  Eastern  Railroad *« 

NewburyiHirt.        '         ;;      ••••;;;;;  2,s8 

Portsmouth  N.  11.,  ^^         ^^ 

Portland,  Mo.         "  .  i.  "  .i  viV  -uia 

Au(.UBTA,     "    r/<«  Kennebec  A  PorU.  R.  R.  '^ 
Bawoob,       "    via  Penobscot  &,  Kcnn.  R.  R.  40i» 


H. 

H. 

9 

00 

16 

00 

17 

80 

19 

00 

21 

00 

4 

80 

B 

80 

5 

45 

T 

00 

8 

80 

11 

80 

14 

00 

16 

00 

8 

GO 

4 

'15 

6 

46 

9 

OQ 

16 

00 

18 

0« 

22 

ro 

7 

80 

8 

0( 

10 

n 

12 

at 

15 

w 

16 

it 

20 

24 

8 
10 
VI 


18 

24 

10 
11 

Vi 
Vi 


19 
24 


Mile*. 
IIE.K.  223 

3(K) 

8^5 

8.^0 

w.Il.K.  395 

..inR.lt.  180 

••   152 

"   158 

mE.K,  ItK) 

"   242 

ur.R.P.  B09 

la  11.  K.  yt)4 

y.  K.  B.  408 

76 

■ 112 

1!W 

9M 

K 1T4 

"  222 

•i  2-l« 

,nt.  K.  K.  2(»2 
er  R.  K.  3u2 
I  Moant- 
842 

115 

127 

Railroad  180 
281 
inR.  K..  2)^2 
ilroiid...  249 
...  2o7 
lisscopoe)  8U0 

&,  Mont. 
818 

&,  Moat. 

inR  R  .  «W0 
[tt 400 

TJ5  . 

Rullroud  175 

*  218 

,lnoR.  R.  244 

2S0 

"       3;«) 

L  Hallway  8T8 

421 

go 423 

100 

178 

lilrood 204 

....  283 

i 448 

2tJ8 

288 

889 

•orll.  R.  R.  «09 
Lcnn.K.K.  469 


H.  M. 

9  00 

16  00 

17  80 
19  00 
21  00 


80 
80 

45  I 

oca 

8    80 

11  30  a 

14    00  C 
16    OO; 

8  00^ 

4  45: 

5  46' 

9  O0| 

IS  00 1 


18 

CO 

22 

fO 

7 

80 

8 

OH 

10 

Si) 

12 

») 

IS  c«| 

16 


10 
34 


MW  YORK  A.\D  HARLEM  RAILROAD  ROUTE. 

ep5t,  corner  Ce.xtrk  and  White  Streets,  New  York. 

^His  Railroad  extends  from  the  station  in  Centre  Street  and 
ki3  through  Broome  Street,  the  Bowery,  and  Fourth  AvenSe 
[the  outer  depot,  corner  Twentv-sixth  Street ;  at  Sty^second 

11  whVh      '  '^°  ^'°P  •^'^"^'■^^  ^"'«  *h«  solid  rock  ^t  Murray 
dsl  Yor^vmT^'''?;  ''  ^^?'''y-^^^'  Street,  and  then  pro^ 
as  to  YoRKviLLE,  6  miles,  where  is  a  tunnrl  under  Prowot 
il.whicl.  IS  about  eoitfeot  long.  24  feet  wide  and  -21  K 
>  through  solid  rock ;  from  then°ce  it  runs  Ihro^^h  H  vrlem' 

"the  "unlv^o? w  ^'?  l''""''  ''''  ^  suhstantlaTSddgcs  ente": 
.vr«  /  -^  *^^  \Vestchoster  at  Mott  IUven  where  is  * 
iving^settlement,  and  several  extensive  manufaSuring  Ltab 

P^Tl^l:^r  ''''''  "-'''  ''  -^-  -eonn'ectii^;ith 

Im^  of- thV^raUriad  '"  T^''  f^'^',  ^^'^'^""'^y  ''^'^^'^  on 
mo  01  ino  railroad.     Hore  is  located  .S7.  Jo/„i\s  Colleirt>  a 

sides   tl  i  railrnl,.      ^'r' "^'^  ""  continuous  settlement  on 
rSn  rosidonces^'^'  '^^"'^'°«  '"'^"^  ^^'^'«'»'^"»   ^^^^  ^ov 

.'■".-a,  ^Kaoit  c™::;i™'''  '■'""° ''°'" "« ^"''  "- 

>»  Hi«  «»r  of  tllo  ll„°r,i!."J°!,'?''.V.''  «"»S"'"».''y  b»ltlo 

vontifiorml   tlift    »/»/.'«/ ""^^  "'*^  section  i>i  country 

•»  llriJi,.  ovoi  fl.«  lil7     «';»"'"'•  "lfn.lin|!  nortll   from  ' 


,r .^«    TJAlt  K'»AD    ROUTE. 
,^6         NEW    YOUK    AND    HAHLKM    RAH^K 

W-tWs  section  of  country,  eKtc^n.r,ng  nor to^^^ 

icbiniou  Ciiiinga  I""  »""%;;,  ,.,„i,  this  village  v"n»  tUo  A  u. 
tho  Vovmoiit  Slate  Lmo    ,,^.^'  "!„,  „„,g  a  bnmeh  of  the  II . 

>VorcoBlov,  IJoHton,  etc  «tockbriiliio  Kailroad  pussctiJ 

(vor  the  Albany  ""'VMd.mFoi  Corners  to  Albany,  a  1 

„v:nowco,.vcyc.llVon.Cl.aih.un    m  ^.^^^^^^^  j.^.       J 

trU  to  Albany  by  ^^'iL^lt^  of  travel  NorthJo.«arat^ 

Montreal,  and  Vest  t«  U^^^^^^^^  ^      ^^ 
of  UiBtauccs,  etc.,  boo  page«  u>  a 


imm  RIVER  RAILROAD  ROUTE. 


nail  village,  Bur-| 


)ep6t,  cor.  Warren  St.  and  College  Place,  New  York. 


.Z\^T    fyJ^'^^l''''^  ''''*'°^«  *''''°"e^  Hudson  Street, 
anal  btreet,  and  West  Street,  to  the  outer  dop^t  at  Tliirty-first 

r  JNew  York  to  M anhattanville,  8  miles.  Here  is  a  villaffo 
lrrounde<  by  h,gh  and  picturesque  grounds,  where  are  located 
lany  handsome  private  edifices 

W«Z  ^^'■''"''^^■'•o^.  «l'0"t  y  miles  from  the  city,  stands  on 
U  r^iP""1\f''"'"'""'"""  ""  ^"«  ^'^^  of  the  Hudson  and 
U  Pv^v'  f-"  ^^  «»rround.ng  country.  In  this  vicinity  the 
k:k  excavation  is  over  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  length,  on  the 
uLri  '■'^^'7''^;  ho  cutting  being  between  40  and  60  feet 
tep  for  a  considerable  d.Htance.  Here,  also,  at  Fort  Washing- 
Jl\^ro«  '.l!'"^  M  a  tolograph  pole,  from  which  extends  sev- 
rsey  shore,  above  Fort  Lee. 
|puyTKN  DuvvKL  CnrKK,  13  miles  from  Chi mbors  Street 

c  Yo"if  ;;r  w'"'?;'^  f  'i^'-^^^"  ^^^-'  dividing  thollnd 

New  ioilc  Irom  Westchostor  County.     Here  is  a  draw-bridce 

l™"''"'^'"'°'^"'^'^S"'''^''^-*"i«  ^t''^"'"  being  siLpSo 
bmp  ovomont  so  as  to  allow  vessels  to  pass  through  into  the 

IToNKKRs    17  miles  Irom  New  York,  is  delVghtiully  situated 

the  ea.s    bank  of  the  Hudson,  here  doubly  intcTsLg  from 

[romantic  and  picturesque  beauties.     The  bold  and  abrunT 

fere  h?ranl";;r'"'""'"''  «^""^>«  -  the  Jnlrshfo; 
Ib  t  ml  nn  of  n,„        '"^  .'"""^"y  ^*"  *''«  «rpo«ito  side,  where; 

bls  and  M  n^L       ?'"'  '"r^  *^"'  residences,  several  churches, . 

h2u,WH^.„       "'"^  ^''  'T'''*'''  "«  »^  ^"burb,  as  most  of 
liihabitauts  are  connected  with  business  in  the  city  of  JJJow  • 

h.lts,  and  Tahrvtown,  21  miles  from  New  York,  may  al 
^.Hily  oonsulorod  ns  suburban  villnges.  most  of  their  inLab- ' 
ew  Yo?k    '^  ^  """"'''^''-^  ^  '^"'^^"^^  P"^«"i^«  with  thrcity 


18  HUDSON    RIVER   RAILROAD   ROUTE. 

S,.o  SX.O,  32  miles   is  ^^^^,:^':TV^P  ^' 
healthy  location,  ^emg  c  osely  connect^^^^^  ,{^^ 

York,  both  by  water  ^«f  ra  Iroad^^^^^^  1 ,000  inmates. 

Sing  State  Frtson,\ocMo.A\i^r^conis^  tlmving  vil- 

lace,  lying  in  the  i«i«^ediate  vicinity  ottne  fountain-like  ap- 

Tjearance,  running  ^o^-tl^^^^'^  ^f 'rmssinK  Webt  Point.  62 
K  river'  finds  a  tortuous  passage  pa^^^^^^^  LxNniNG  60 
miles;   Cold   Spring,  5-  miits,  }^  ''  ferry,  connecting 

S  north  of  New  York.  Here  ^b  a^  «^^^;;;.  ^'on  winding 
Mkill  with  Ncwburgh  on  ^^^  „«f P^s^*^,',  are  entered  and 
through  the  "  Highlands,"  f^y^'^'^},  f  "^,^e1er  a  vivid  idea  of 
passed  in  quick  ^^^t'^'^'^ArffioughXh  the  track  of  .the 
the  uneven  and  rocky  ^^f  ^"^^^  °"S^av  be  seen  on  both  sides 
Jailroad  passes.  At  one  time  ^^^fj^^l^^  locomotive  plunges 
II  track,  when  the  ^e^t  ^^^^^^^^^^  xunjestic  Hudson 
out  of  sight  under  a  mountain  bioww^  j^ountains  on  the  op- 
on  the  one  side,  and  the  frowning  nils  oi  m  ^^^^^  ^^^ 

S^r  t^  C^st^-eVr  t"o  loute  occurs  a  short  distance 

•^^S'S-rouoHKK.p...75^cs  a^^:  j^t.::! 

70  miles  below  Albany,  ^^"•^^^^^^..'"l^Senger  trains  of  carl 
miles;  Oak  Hili,,  opposite  <-'^J«^  "l ^5^  ^ 

Albany,  f.  '^»'^"f ,  "'°::?s..™*^^^^^^^^^^ 

.  ,itautiattheh»l^<>  «l"Pn»3''""°t„„d  from  this  pW 

rthrNerYTrkTariiC^^^^^^   ^-^  ^'^  H 

SCHODACK.  133  n»'l<«i,^^^^J';X?ions  r^^^^^^  At  the  lattj 
BANV.  144  miles,  are  tl\«  °';fi«tnX  ^^e  Hudson  lUver  in| 
pnijsengors  aiignt  ^O'  *"^"'-"";(^^7„  „;  -  ^^  ^ji^^  iarthcr,  or^ 
bdSrJd^r^'rrJr;  eoou  .n.Wing  .  t,,o 

tor  city.  ^        ^.^^  „„.  Albany  and  Troy,  described 

For  further  information,  see  AiDany  uu  j 

.  another  part  of  tliis  work. 


•  situated  and 
le  city  of  New 

an.  ™  ^i'^fi 
1 ,000  inmates, 
id  thriving  vil- 
Ison  Kiver  and 
untain-like  ap- 

througli  wliich 
EST  Point,  62 
,  Landing,  60 
srry,  connecting 
e_  On  winding 
re  entered  and^ 

a  -vivid  idea  of  ; 
he  track  of  tlie 
en  on  both  sides 
lomotive  plunges! 
majestic  Hudson 
titains  on  the  op- 1 
bove  the  water'sl 

a  Bliort  distance! 

3  New  York  audi 
)f  the  Hudson,  if 
er  trains  of  cara 
n  opportunity  td 


York  and  29  froJ 
,  being  favoraWI 
,  river.    The  HH 
i  from  tliis  pla 
vith  the   Wfttei^ 

RSANT,  120  mile 
,C3.  and  East 
lod.    At  the  laltl 
Hudson  lUvor  ij 
lUlcH  larthei',  or  f 
irriving  at  tbo 


I  I 


NEW! 


During  t 

ally  extends 
December,  i 
every  nioi-nii 
of  the  river, 
for  comfort  j 
150  miles,  in 
tlie  principa 
i.  Usua] 
igbt  boats. 

To  the  tr) 
be  most  des: 
onfinement 
urnish  a  fir 
cenery  of  tl 

The  panor 
rund.     ScaA 
sliind,  -with 
tuddod  wit! 

olds ;  and  oi 
harvea  and 
d  as  the  t 


TOUR 


VROM 


NEW  TOM  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC, 


VIA 


HUDSON    RIVER. 


During  the  season  of  navigation  on  the  Hudson,  which  usu- 

laily  extends  from  about  the  20th  of  March  to  the  fore  part  of 

December,  numerous  steamboats  leave  the  city  of  New  York 

every  morning  and  evening,  for  various  places  on  both  shores 

I  of  the  river.     The  boats  of  the  largest  class,  nowhere  excelled 

Ifor  comfort  and  sjeed,  run  through  to  Albany  and  Troy,  about 

|150  miles, in  ten  to  tAvelvo  hours  running  time;  others  touch  at 

jthe  principal  villages  on  the  way,  to  land  and  receive  passon- 

|gers.    Usual  faro  through,  $1  CO,  includ.  g  berths  in  the 

light  boats. 

To  the  traveler  for  pleasure  and  health,  the  day  boats  are 
|the  most  desirable,  particularly  in  hot  weather,  when  a  night's 
ponfineraent  in  -,  crowded  cabin  is  very  oppressive ;  and  they 
pirnish  a  fine  opportunity  to  enjoy  tho  varied  and  beautiful 
|icenery  of  this  noble  river. 

The  panoramic  view  on  leaving  the  city  is  extensive  and 
band.  Seaward  it  embraces  parts  of  Long  Island  and  Statcn 
Island,  with  tho  "  Narrows  ;"  the  spacious  Bay  of  New  York, 
Ituddcd  with  Governor's,  Bedlow's,  and  Ellis's  islands;  tho 
.orsey  Hhore  on  the  west,  with  its  soi;tlemonts  and  cultivated 
lelds ;  and  on  (he  east  tho  city  itself,  with  its  long  ranges  of 
jharves  and  tJjipping,  its  spires,  and  its  masses  of  architecture; 
Ufi  as  the  boat  rounds  out  upon  the  bosom  of  tho  majestic 


t, 


-.1. 


it 


20       KEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 

A  «T,  ViPr  uDward  course,  the  view, 
river,  and  springs  forward  on  her  upwa  ^^^.^^^  .^ 

crowded  with  striking  contrasts  and  full  ot  me 

one  of  rare  beauty  and  interest.  g^_ 

BOKEN.  a  m,te  north,  are  seen      g  ,ommenees  the 

boat  leaves  the  wharf,     ^t  the  form      P  ^^,^^^^^ 

Kew  Jersey  Railroad  and  *=,-^7,f";'  .„„,„rt  „(  the  citi- 
11,0  latter  plMe  is  a  delightful  and  f''™"'y;;^  „^^  a, 
.*s  of  New  York  during  the  warm  -^-  ";'^™;  :„„„„„ 
e„„„.dious  stea,n  ferry-hoat.  "^Xt^t  from  the  heated  J 

wH>^P-"-^'=t:s':fTheCnt-Lmlng  retreat.        i 
and  Ihron-ed  streets  of  the  city,  ■  Hobolten,  and 

Weehawk^n,  on  the  J'-'^"'',*"";;;;  *J,  ^uh  to  bold. 
8  miles  from  New  ^o*;     ;f ;  ™^;:',  %  ,„,  and  A 
rocky  Muffs  partly  vailed  w.th  »''««''       »■  .  j,  ;„  ft.f 

hanisome  viUa  on  its  summit,  ,s  o-  of  t^"^^-  P  .^  ^,. ^^  ^„J 
.,ene  as  you  move  up  the  nver.    At  «     ™  ^_^^^,^  J 

on  the  margin  of  tl>e  river,  a  »™"  *^*  °  ^  „„„j,ton  fell  i. 

rL="t"ntr:r  :^'>^ ..,,  iso.  4 

::irim„ever,has.ngs^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

.r;:::  1;  r^rarlr.,  hemg  connected  with  the  e.| 

by  a  steam  ferry.  ^^.^^^  ^^^^  ^^,  City  IIa| 

Bloomingbale,  on  \ork  Ibian  .  .^^.^^t  objccti 

i,  a  scattevea  settlement  ,n  wlu^^^^^^^^^^  -t  pr.  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  1 

the  0,7'/'""  ^'^  •'/''''"' ^^^f 'I'  ledge  and  surrounded  by 

Kvecn  lawn  extending  to  the  water  s  edge,  an 

fine  grove,  presents  a  pleasing  aspect^  A 

About  3  miles  fartl.r  ^P^-^"  ^^^^  on  eleva 

Hall,  is  the  LvnaiU  Asylum,  a  stately  p 

oTound.  .,  ,  !-i-rs'l   ond  visible  fri 

'  The  next  conspicuous  *i»">-' '"°  "ft t  mile  and  a  tj 

U,e  „ud.n,  is  «--"XrS;,f  S  near  Uell-Oa" 
east  of  which,  toward  the  East  liiver  | 

the  village  of  IIahlem. 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


21 


FoPT  Washington,  2  miles  north  of  Manhattanville,  is  ele- 

Ivated  238  feet  above  the  river,  being  the  highest  point  on  the 

jisland  of  New  York.    The  old  fort  was  captured  by  the  British 

land  Hessians,  in  the  disastrous  campaign  of  177G,  when  some 

[two  cr  three  thousand  Americans  were  either  killed  or  taken 

captive,  and  thrown  into  the  prison-ships  at  the  Wailabout  Bay, 

Irooklyn,  whore  the  United  States  now  have  an  extensive  Navy 

fard. 

FoHT  Lke,  on  the  Jersey  shore,  10  miles  from  Nptt  York,  is 
,  place  of  considerable  interest,  and  between  it  and  that  city  a 
Iteam  ferry-boat  plies  daily.  The  site  of  the  old  fort  is  on  the 
brow  of  the  Palisades,  a  short  distance  from  tlie  river,  and  ele- 
lated  about  300  feet  above  it.  It  was  surrendered  to  the 
^ritish  in  I77G,  immediately  after  the  capture  of  Fort  Wash- 
ttgton. 

The  Palisades,  the  most  striking  and  peculiar  feature  of 
^e  scenery  on  either  side  of  the  Hudson,  commence  a  little 
prth  of  Weehawkcn,  and  on  the  same  shore.  This  descriptive 
signation  has  been  given  to  a  mnjestic  range  of  columnar 
bk,  varying  in  height  from  100  feet  to  350  feet,  and  walling 
[the  Hudson  as  far  as  Piermont,  a  distance  of  20  miles.  Just 
Dve  Fort  Lee,  they  rise  almost  perpendicularly  from  the 
Iter's  edge ;  and  as  the  channel  of  the  river,  for  the  whole  20 
les,  runs  near  the  west  side  and  along  the  base  of  these  ma- 
Btio  cliifs,  they  are  seen  to  great  advantage  from  the  deck 
[  the  passing  steamboat. 

Spuyteit  Duyvel  Cueek  flows  into  the  Hudson  13  miles 
rth  of  the  City  Hall  of  New  York,  and  connects  with  the 
j.rlem  River  on  the  east,  thus  separating  the  island  of  New 
"rk  from  Westchester  County.    It  is  crossed  by  the  track  of 

Hudson  River  liailroad,  where  is  a  draw-bridge.  Kings- 
Itdge,  on  the  great  post-road  from  New  York  to  Albany, 
-ses  this  creek  about  a  mile  from  its  mouth,  near  which,  on 

north  banlj,  is  the  site  of  old  Fort  Independence.  Here 
fimencea  a  succession  of  beautifully  situated  country  resi- 
ices,  looking  out  upon  the  river,  and  across  it  to  the  PaU- 


23       SEW  TOKK  TO  AlBAST,  TKOT,  ETC. 

aorlh  and  south  range  of  highland,  wh-ch  «pa 

Sowing  >nto  tho  H.d.n  f- ^'-^^^r!  ^  Icgh 
River  and  Long  Hand  So™'-  /;» J  ,,,^„tea 

Welches..,  *;--*  -  jrlC:.  o,  that  o.ten.ve 

ru:^.n::h;:h'::;e.ar,eaita.n^^^^^^^^^^^ 

„v  Pishldn  Mountains,  farther  """f,  ^j  grLdeur  in 
Ta^hkan-o  group,  and  finally  attains  .ts  highest  g 

nr^r^lISTNew  Yor^,  .  a  thriving  viUago 
i„  We^r:;er  cZnty.  at  the  mouth  of  Sj— ^  J  Z, 
Uins  .any  fine  dwelling-houses  and  ^^'^^^^ 
is  the  summer  resort  of  many  citizens  of  Ne'' ^ork^  b     g 

reached  hy  railroad,  or  the  — »7f;tlC  a  X  very 
that  city,  Sing  Sing,  and  Pee1.-.-ll.    It  «  ™"  J^  ^4 

pleasant  scenery,  and  commands  a  Sue  Tiew  ot  the  n 

'  V**s  8  miles  north  of  Yonkers.  is  .  convenient  landing 
placH  whi*  the  smaller  steamboat,  touch  to  receive  and  dis- 

"''tTSTZr^o.  mUes  north  of  New  York,  i,  the  n.me  of 
r      !wre  to  aconvenient  steamhoat  wharf    This  was  an 
a  v.llage,  where  is  a  coiivn.  i  Revolutionary 

T7'fryt:r^-rn;:-:hLatthe« 

:;  he  PaUsa'dra  little  north  of  the  ^^^y  ^^^, 
he  States  of  New  York  and  N.w  Jersey;  -* J^™  "^  ^-"' 

T::rfrrr^rr  ^;;rJ«:^^'.  -  - 

..  Slo;" ;  :;  Z  J^y^or.,  .^  .he  Hudson,  24  miles  from  th. 
li»  of  New  York.  It  has  become  a  place  of  importance  as  the 
city  of  New  lora..  ^  ^^^  j,^..^  Uailroad. 

=;fih-:rwo^:t^^^^ 


NEW   YORK    TO    ALBANY,   TROY,    ETC.  23 

ing  from  the  shore  to  the  channel  of  the  Hudson.  A  steamboat 
pLe»  dany  be  ween  this  place  and  Now  York,  and  connects  with 
th  cars  runnu.g  on  the  railroad.  At  this  point,  also,  the  Pat 
sades  term  nate  on  the  north  by  an  abrupt  hill  This  kill  and 
the  extens.^  jner  already  mantioned,  being  the  two  most  dis- 
tmgmshmg  ^atures  of  the  place,  they  have  bean  appropriately 
combined  to  form  the  name  of  Piermont 

Two  or  three  miles  west  from  the  river  is  the  old  village  of 
Tappan,  memorable  as  having  been  fo r  a  time  the  h^ad-quarters 
aid  tTe  .T       \     "\«,^'"^--  --y  '--^S  the  Revolution 
rje:  ^.  ""''''  ''''-'  ^^'"^  --  ---^^'  -  t^«  2d  of 
Tappan  BAT-or.  as  it  was  usually  called  in  earlier  times. 
Tappan  .s,.«-being  an  expansion  of  the  rivor,  commences  at 
Piermont  auJ  extends  northward  to  Croton,  or  Tellers  Poi^t.  a 
d^tanee  ^f  10  ..il..,  .it,  an  average  widthof  about  3  mil. 
On  the  eas.ern  shore  of  this  bay.  in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful 
landscape,  .s  the  favorite  country  residence  of  Washington  Ir 
I  ^g.    ^owhe^-e  on  either  shore  of  the  Hudson  is  the  scenery 

sades  m  full  y,ew  at  the  southwest;  at  the  west  and  north  a 
fine  range  of  hiljs  stretching  away  to  the  grand  mountain 
masses  of  the  «'  Highlands."  with  the  broad  river  between 

aent  about  3  miles  north  of  Dobbs'  Ferry 
baS  o?S  "'  "^""^77" ''  "^'^-'^-^J  situated  on  the  east 

nd  orLf.^T.^"'''-    ^*  ^'^'^'^^-^  '^^^'^t  400  dwelling-houses 
lanv  a?  .1      ':'"''•     '*^^"'°^^  ^'^"-•-S  to  New  Yo:k  touch 

fc        th:?     "•/'"^^'^^^^'^  ^^^^^   ''    B..KMA.XOW.. 

rhere  is  the  Irvmg  Institute,  a  school  of  much  celebrity  and 
venerable  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  erected  about  the  middle 
f  tlie  seventeenth  centurv.    Tnrv^^^^.,  ,•„  ^„-....       ,   . 

lace  whArn  \r  •       ^    ,'      ^-^"^  i=  xauiuu  as  oeing  tiie 

la     wh  re  Major  Andre  was  captured,  while  watering  his 

b^iew  with  the  traitor.  General  Arnold.    Immediately  north 


4\ 


24  NKW   YOI.K   TO    SLBiNir,    TEOT,   ETC. 

of  this  Villa™,  also,  i.  tUe  famon.  Slec„  Hollow,^hor'>^^^- 
°ngC  W.:^  laid  the  ,c=n=  of  Us  entertaining  legend  of  that 

""nLk  on  th,  western  side  of  the  bay  or  river,  is  »  pleasant 
and  t^iviCVoe,  between  which  and  Now  York  a  steamboat 
;ulta«y.°  Here  lappan  Bay  spreads  to  its  greatest  w,d.h. 
T^rpsentin'i-  a  noble  expanse  of  Avatcr.  .      ,    . 

^Vll""  I'-.-V^  or  3  miles  northwest  of  Nyaclr.  .s  ap.e- 
tuf^^^e  sheet  of  the  purest  water,  from  which  large  ,„ant...e3 
«f  ice  are  annually  sent  to  the  New  York  market 

S  L  S."o,  S3  miles  from  New  York,  is  handsomely  sXuated 

on  the  eas'  ^W  of  the  Hudson  River.    It  has  four  land>ns  . 

torn  which  steamboats  and  ve.«>ls  ply  da.ly  to  and  i,om  the 
Uy,  afording  a  pleasant  exenvsion.    The  ma,n  part  of  the      - 

We  is  situated  on  high  and  uneven  ground,  r.sing  IbO  fe.t 

l^ove  ide-water,  and  overlooking  Tappan  and  Haverstraw  bays, 

1  Hudson  and  Croton  rivers,  and  the  --"  ;|,— 
Wudlng  a  distant  view  of  t  ePaUsad^  »U  U  H._gh^^^^^^ 
Sins  Sing  was  incorporated  in  1»1<S,  ana  uo>. 

2  600  inhabitants.    This  village  derives  »'  --f  "^^  *;   "j 
; iaa  words  "  Ossm.^n'g,"  meaning  in  their  language  th. 
ZceZ  stone.    It  is  now  celebrated  for  its  marble  quarne,, 
li^ite  worked  to  a  great  extent  by  the  State  Pnson  con- 
It,   who  have  here  erected  two  large  prisons,  a  keepei 
C  and  several  ranges  of  workshops,  from  materials  foun 
TZ  State  farm:  where  is  also  located  a  silver  mine,  wh  . 
"worked  to  some  extent  previous  to  the  Kevolution,  and 
Z  r  mine  which  has  been  more  recently  worked.    Ibe  maJ 
b  ffLd  in  this  vicinity  is  of  a  medium  quality,  and  a  m  j 
Stustible;  large  quantities  are  annually  qu.arried  and 

,0  the  city  of  New  York  and  other  places.    Here  is  to  be  seen  j 
JLful  viaduct,  over  which  is  conveyed  the  acqueduct,  fj 
»  ,T  ^  tr-..!.   «,wi.    T<iir«   nnd  -vvuuksv:^! 


supplying  the  city 


of  New  York  with  pure  and  whole 


water. 


a 


ituatcd  about 
souti'of  U;r".inago  of  Sing  Sing.    The  prison  grounj 


The  Mount  ri-EAS 
mile 


ANT  State  Prison  is  sit 


NKTV^   TOItK    TO   ALBANY,    THOY,    ETC.  25 

consist  of  130  acres  of  lanr7  t,,-      v  . 

Slog  and  ^..nJJl^'^^XZnT'  ''I'"'""""  "  «"« 

^  are  located  workshor.  nf  ^•«-  '  '''  ^''''''^  ''^"^  rear 

lie  confluence  of  tl>„  c'roTonpt         T  .'  """"''''■"'"'J'  ""oto 

ppo^ite  aide  Of  tto  rfv^r  ^"i  iT, "'     .    °  ""*'"'■    ^^  *» 

hi  608  foot  l,ii   fll  \"''''"'"'  »'"'".  a  bold  lead- 

►i"r2":™n,T  """.  "  °°''"'°'  «Fan.i„n  of  tl.o  Hnd.oa 
Ins  daily  ^'  **"  ^^'°^  «^*y  a  steamboat 

p— :':.l::!:urr''"-™"--■'"-. 


i'i> 


York  ai 

passage 

indepeni 

Cald 

miles  fr 

place  at 

their  up' 

ing  is  sit 

is  connec 

The  vi] 

and  thri\ 

directly  t 

produce,  i 

porateJir 

<>  pul.lio 

many  larj 

On  Od/t 

J8  a  vcneri 

lutionary 

Wfis  then  t 

ral  Putnai 

Clinton,  co 

Vork,  who 

Jnnnul  Pain 

jdetccted  in 

jai'iit  back  b 

'  Kilmiind  ] 
"■•'ingwiihii 
»<* "  "I)}',  and 
l-'iitin.'(liati'ly. 

"I'iie  Lako, 
»"Mt  visited 
H'uing. 


^KW    YORK    TO    ALBANY,    TROY,    ETC.  27 

i    «iu  irip,  to  land  and  rece  vo  passcntrerq     Tl,;.  i     j 
i-g  .s  situated  at  the  south  ctrance  of  tho  " Tr  , , 
»  connected  by  a  rteam  ferry  with  "'SW""*."  and 

«nd':,H":nnfrr"-^'.*!  "'"™  ''•°"'  *"  ^•»'*.  -  -r^e 
directly  .    L      foV  New? 't  '"  "  '""»  "™""«'»  ■■» 

-4..e:::'u::x:;z!n:::r^-"'"--^ 

On  Oa^  /////.  ^here  ig  now  situated  tho  Peoksl.in  i     , 
18  a  venerable  oak  tron  nn  .1  •  i  w'kskill  Academy, 

lutionary  w.     two  n    '  ""  ^""^'  '"""°  *^°  «^-«- 

--t,K.n  t  ;«:  ;2  ;fT;f^7"^'""'  '''^^'"^"-  ^^-^^ 

ral  Putnam       .0  il  f  f.'«^^'«orican  army  under  Geno. 

Vork,whosentupa  tltn.^    1  v  "  "'"  ^'^^  "^'  ""'- 

nnuHl  Palmer,  a  Lut  nan     ^  Y'"      ""'  ^'"'  ^^^"'"°  «^  ^'^- 
detected  in  th    Vmc"    an  1  -7  '"'"'""'''  ^^''"  ^^^^  ^oen 

|«ent  back  by  Putnam^        "'"'      "'"  '""''^^'"«  ^^  ^^«  -P^X 

'  Kdmun.l  Puimer  nn  offlcor  in  thol"';'*"'^''"'""''  ^'^  ^^"^^  I"''- 
^'<""«  wi„.i„  „.,  America,    in  "     l       7  " "'"'•■"  ^^"^  ""^••"  -  "  W. 

l'nmo,li«,..,y.    .  *  "''"'"*' '"  "  "i-y-  «"<1  t"«  fl«l?  1-^  ordered  to  dep«l 

•  »■  Ho  bos  been  accordingly  exocutcd." 


lurli 


ISKABL  PUTWAM. 


n. 


■uiiUi 


'g  summer,  a  stage  leaves  Peekskill 


mc  Lake  and  „  th    ,  1/  /T     "'"''''"  '^''^  ^'^^^  ''°'-  ^^a. 
.L  _.  "'°' »"'' '"  lh«  l>otte8fc  of  tho  Henson.  wb.n  tK„  ,„u„  ... 


"'«t  visited,  twice 
on  lug. 


sou,  when  the  hike 


day,  leaving  Peek«kill   morning 


18 


and 


2S 


NEW    YORK    TO    ALBA.KY,   TROY,    ETC. 


Mahopac  Lake  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  in  the  town  of 
Camel,  Putnam  County,  and  is  one  of  the  chief  sources  of  the 
Croton  River.  It  is  about  one  mile  in  diameter,  and  embosoms 
two  or  three  small  islands.  The  waters  abound  with  yarious 
kinds  of  fish  of  a  fine  flavor.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  re- 
sort, with  good  accommodations  for  visitors.  Here  is  o  good 
public  house  for  the  accommodation  of  strangers. 

Old  FoKT  Indkpkndknce  lies  opposite  Caldwell's  Landing, 
on  the  northeast,  near  the  mouth  of  the  PeekskiU.  The  situo,- 
tiou  is  delightful,  facing  down  the  river,  with  an  unobstructed 
view  for  many  miles,  wliile  immediately  in  the  rear  rise  the 
"  Highlands"  in  majestic  grandeur. 

OiT  leaving  Caldwell's  Landing,  the  river  takes  a  sudden  turn 
to  the  west  for  about  a  mile,  this  reacli  having  the  local  desig- 
nation  of  the  ^^  Horse  liace,"  and  then  resumes  its  northern 
course,  passing  between  the  bold,  wooded,  and  overshadowing 
hills  known  as  the  "  H^ghtands,"  or  "  Matteawan  Mountains." 
This  latter  name,  meaning  "  the  country  for  go..d  fur,"  was| 
given  by  the  aborigines,  and  is  a  fine,  distinctive,  and  appro- 
priate name  for  the  whole  group. 

Tlio  "  lIiuHLANDH,"  the  grandest,  and,  next  to  the  Palisades, 
the  most  remarkable  feature  of  the  scenery  of  the  Hudson,  arel 
about  10  miles  in  width,  and  extend  in  a  southwest  and  north-i 
cast  direction  for  some  20  or  80  miles,  covering  a  part  of  the 
counties  of  Rockland  and  Orange  on  the  west  side  of  the  river, 
and  Putnam  and  Dutchess  on  the  east.  Several  of  their  suraj 
mits  reach  an  elevation  of  1,000  to  1,085  feet.  This  may  U 
considcrcl  classic  ground,  as  many  of  the  points  or  eminence- 
in  vifw  from  the  river  are  celebrated  in  history  for  being  tin 
Mccne  of  Htirring  events  during  the  struggle  for  American  In^o 

pcnduncc,  1770  to  1783.  | 

rfj.g  gs^^a  «f  old  Fori  Clinton  and  Montf^omery,  of  Rcvi.luj 
tionary 'memory,  arc  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  opposite  thj 
lower  Anfhony'^  .Vosr,  G  miles  below  West  Point.     These  fort^ 
deemed  almost  imprognablo,  were  erected  at  this  point  for  lb 
defense  of  tho  river,  which  was  also  obstructed  by  chevaux-d» 


»W   YORK    TO   ALBAKT,    TOOV,    JTO.  29 

c„.to„,  ana  ^^vL:,:z':^:'tJz:T  '"''-^ 

coo  men  being  overpowered  hvT  """°.''™;  "'«  gi"™on  of 

Ublishod  ,y  an  act  of  C   Ire"    „  M^I  Z^  f  ™''™^' 
H°J  lo  the  United  s,„,„.  r  •  "*"-  "»''  "">  ""nd 

[■ork  IS-O     I,"  Oo,e,nme«t  by  ,1,0  stale  of  New 

W    nd  the     Irf """'  r*"  '"  "™  -""■-'».  °-  " 

-.*"^rbe:::;:r^^^^^^^^^^ 

lall,  a  large  tlirce-storv  «*«»«  i    •, ,-  "'^         '        '^^''^demio 

t  feet  in  width  uJd7r  S  ''  '''  '"*  '"  ''^"^^^'  ^^ 

>po«itorj  of  the  e  llTn  1         ^^  '''"'''''  ^"^  ^^^■"^^••'  '^"^  ««  «» 
Ner,.  al  it  ett  ,"''""'"''  "'"^'''^  '^^  ^-tification. 

-tr::::-^-r';reir^ 

1.^  oquatonal  teleMopoi  a  clmpel,  an  l™,i,al  a  „«,  I,„1I 

on  I !  ionr  rr™"'"'  '^  '"-"--"f «.» .•-«- 


nil  cont 


IS 

prs. 


ami 


iig  a  popuhit 
a  well-kopt  hotel,  calci 


connected 

about 

0  accomuiodate  ubout  160 


military  school 
.000  ,«oul8.     Horo, 


8* 


so  NEW   YORK   TO   AI.BAST,   TROT,   ETC. 

No  place  in  the  Un^on.  probably,  exceeds  West  Point  in 
beauty  of  location  -nd  the  stirring  incidents  connected  w.th  .ts 
Irlv  history  hein.  "  hallowed  l.y  the  footsteps  of  Washmgton 
Id^KoXi:; -^^-ing  the  nevolutionary  --f  «'»■  ^^^ J 
i„  .hich  is  continued  to  the  present  t.me  by  .Is  be.ng  the  res 
deneo  and  school  of  the  future  defenders  of  the  Un:on.    In  1 , . -. 
immedilly  after  the  capture  of  Forts  Clinton  and  Montgom. 
el  fy   he  British  arn,y,  West  Point  was  first  occupied  b,  th. 
American  army,  and  fortified  at  the  instance  of  Gov..Geor  = 
^ZZ<  Itcitionary  n,en,ory.     At  "-  P^"'  ~, 
to  seen  the  remains  of  Forts  Putnam  and  Arnold    after  tl, 
te  .r  of  the  latter,  called  Fort  Clinton^,  wUieh  .»  s.tuated J 

the  extreme  eastern  point  of  this  -■'>'."y  P-Xlun  1 

„bo,e  tidewater,  .bile  Fort  Putnam  ,s  «'»"'«'' °""°""'3 

pendcnce,  1.000  yards  soutlu,=st,  elevated  "''°"  ;«^f' ^^ 

the  river ;  there  are  also  numerous  other  redcub  s  a«'l  <»''  '  1 

crowning  the  various  eminences  in  the  v.cm.ty,  "-"  under 

direction  of  the  celebrated  Kosciusko  as  ong.neer     In  M  -J 

1780  General  Arnold  tvas  assigned  to  the  eomaiand  of  th  s  ,^ 

porLt  miitary  station,  extending  from  «*>^     -;-pH 

Point     On  the  26th  of  September  he  prcc.p.tately  made   1 

two  miles  below  We.t  Point,  on  the  oppos.te  side  of  the  nv<j 
rt^ason  having  been  discovered  by  the  fo^unate  c.I^u«j 
Maior  Andre.  Fronr  this  period  to  the  close  of  the  Revo  nl,« 
ary  ar  in  ITSU,  ■Vet  Point  was  garrisoned  by  a  strong  d,v„j 
of  the  American  ar,„y ;  after  which  the  garrison  was  reducj 
and  th-1  l»tlou  made  a  depot  for  the  Ucvolntionary  arm.  j 
and  other  military  stores.  In  1704.  at  the  recommendat„.„ 
"gICu  WashingL,  a  military  school  ««;»— .jf 
building  which  was  burned  down  two  years  thereafter,  a.».. 

echwd  s..sp.'nded  until  1802. .,_.„..  A„.j.„vihirl 

There  are  now  councclod  w.Ui  tno  Act .  o,!.,  ..■ .■ 

fosso'-s,  a  company 


four  (iftici 


profo 


tacbiMcnt  of  dnigtums 


besiJos  the  cadots,  who  goncrally 


maiu 


hero  for  a  period  of  four  years, 


in  which  time  they 


NEW    YORK    TO    ALBANY,    TKOY,    ETC.  31 

qualified  to  become  subaltern  officers  of  the  several  corps  of  the 
army. 

No  stranger  should  leave  this  place  witliout  visiting  the  pub- 
he  buildings,  Kosciusko's  Monument,  and  a  wild  and  romantic 
retreat  near  the  water's  edge  called  "Kosciusko's  Garden" 
the  rums  of  old  Fort  Putnam,  which  commands  a  view  of  West 
Point,   the   Hudson   River,   and    the    surrounding    mountain 

I  scenery.    The  Cemetery,  about  half  a  mile  north  of  the  hotel, 

lis  also  well  worthy  of  a  visit. 

On  the  south,  toward  Buttermilk  Falls,  about  a  mile  distant, 
there  is  a  pleasant  road  running  near  the  river,  and  most  of 
the  way  through  a  beautiful  grove  of  trees.     In  this  vicinity 

land  most  agreeably  located,  is  situated  Cozzens'  Hotel,  under 

Ithe  superintendence  of  a  favorite  publican. 

If  tlie  visitor  tarries  through  the  day  at  this  attractive  place, 

any  time  during  the  summer  months,  when  the  hotels  are  usu- 

Ui^  thronged  with  fashionable  people  from  every  section  of  the 

t^n.on,  he  will  have  an  opportunity  to  view  West  Point  in  aU 

|ts  loveliness. 

The  village  of  Cold  Spring,  64  miles  from  New  York,  a  mile 

Ir  more  above  West  Point,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  a 

linving  manufacturing  village.    Here  are  situated  the  exten- 

Svo  iron  works  commonly  known  as  the  '•  West  Point  Foundry  " 

Ind  supposed  to  be  on  as  broad  a  scale  ns  any  in  the  Union, 

lid  a  machine  shop,  giving  constant  employment  to  about  300 

lorkmen.     The  largest  kind  of  machinery,  for  steamboat  and 

hor  purposes,  and  warlike  implements,  are  here  constructed 

P.o  ore  on  which  the  works  depend  is  found  in  the  immediate 

^•'.uty ;  and  there  is  also  a  quarry  of  granite  of  a  very  superior 

pahty,  easy  of  access,  and  inexhaustible. 

pKAcox  Hill  and  Uukmcnkck,  both  on  the  east  side  of  the 

■vor,  are  sUuatod  immediately  above  Cold  Spring.     The  for- 

-  «-meti:«e,  called  the  «  Grand  Sachem,"  is  the  highest 

Nc  of  the  Highlands,  being  elevated  1,085  feet  al)ove  the 

ror.     The  latter  presents  the  rocky  projection  called  the 

^pper  Anthony's  J>fo3e.*\ 


32 


NEW  YOKK  TO  ALBANY,  TROT,  ETC. 


Crow's  Nest  and  Buttf.r  Hili.  are  situated  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river.  They  rise  abruptly  from  the  water's  edge. 
The  latter,  -which  is  the  more  northerly  peak,  lifts  its  summit 
1,520  feet  abova  the  Hudson,  and  the  other  is  nearly  as  high. 

Poljlopi-l's  Island  is  a  mass  of  rock  lying  in  tiie  Hudson 
River,  near  its  east  shore,  at  the  northern  entrance  into  the 
Highlands,  G  miles  above  West  Point.  Here  the  river  be  .ins  to 
widen  and  expand  to  the  width  of  more  than  a  mile  for  soiae  5  or 
6  miles,  for  which  distance  it  is  sometimes  called  jYcwburgh 
Bay. 

Cornwall,  CANXERBunY,  and  New  Windsor  are  small 
villages  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  immediately 
above  the  Highlands,  the  last-named  village  being  distinguished 
as  the  birth-place  of  Do  Witt  Clinton. 

NiiWBURGH,  Gl  miles  n(M  Ui  of  New  York  and  84  south  of 
Albany,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  rising  ground,  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  river.     It  was  incorporated  in  1800,  and  now  con- 
tains about  S.OOO  inhabitants,  1,600  dwelling-houses,  a  court- 
house, and  jail,  this  being  a  half-shire  of  Orange  County;  a| 
Theological  Seminary  under  the  direction  of  the  Associate  Re- 
formed Presbyterian  denomination  ;  an  incorporated  academy;  1 
a  liigh  school,  two  female  seminaries,  and  a  number  of  select 
schools,  all  in  a  flourishing  condition;  two  hirgo  public  libra- 
ries ;  eleven  churches  of  dillerent  denominations ;  three  bank- 
ing-houses; fourteen  hotels  and  taverns;  150  stores  of  dilTerent 
kinds;  nine  storehouses;  five  freighting  establishments;  four! 
steamboats  and  two  barges,  running  to  and  from  the  city  of 
New  York,  besides  a  number  of  sloops   trading  to  different 
places  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  schooners  and  other  craft 
running  to  Southern  and  Eastern  ports,  altogether  transport- 
ing an  immense  amount  of  lumber,  coal,  plaster,  and  agricul-j 
tnral  and  mnnuCacturel  pi-oducts;  two  good  steamboats,  also, 
are  attached  to  tho  ferry  betwacu  this  place  and  Fisiikill,  oii] 
the  opposite  siile  of  the  river,  wliich  is  here  about  one  mile 
width.     The  location  of  Newburgh.  in  addition  to  its  roiiiaii 
beauty  and  healthiness,  is  peculiarly  favorable  as  a  place 


;  (listinguifched 


NEW    YORK    TO    AI.nANr,    TROT,    ETC.  88 

business,  being  surrounded  by  a  rich  grazi  :g  and  a^^ricuItm-aJ 

k-on,   celebrated  for  butter  and  livestock      TheT^r.^ 

Sranch  of  the  New  3'ork  and  Fr,-o  u  •,       ,  -^^^^bursh 

^lace  to  Chester.  20  n^le.  "'  '^'^"'^  '^"^  *^« 

Newfcurgh  was  for  a  period  the  hcad-quarters  of  Gen  Wash 

.gton.  and  at  the  close  of  the  Ilevolutionary  war  the  arl; 

as  here  disbanded,  June  23, 1783.    The  celebrated  jZZZ 

U...  addressed  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  army,  were 

I  It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  suitable  column  to  the  memory  of 
aBh,„g  on,  m  front  of  the  old  stone  house,  in  the  soutl   par 
th.  vmago,  where  his  family  resided;  it  i.  to  be  from  8ot 
PO  fc  t  high,  constructed  of  white  marble  or  granite,  at  an 
|t|mated  cost  of  $50,000.    It  will  be  in  plain  'g^t  fr;mMe 
ate^commanding  one  of  the  finest  prospLs  on  L  Hudl 
IFI.HKILI,  Lanbii^g,  go  miles  from  New  York  by  railroad 

frgh.  with  which  It  IS  connected  by  a  steam  ferry,  is  a  thriy- 

fbrlT;  r,'""°^  '^'"'  '''^'  inhabitants,  and  surround- 
I  by  delightful  country  residences. 

flATTKAWAN,  an  exteuslve  and  celebrated  manufacturing 

Pacturing   village,  celebrated    for   its    superior   wooleu 

[he  village  of  Fx«hkii.i.  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plain  5 
has  cf  F  «hkill  Landing,  and  05  miles  north  of  the'oUy  J 

kliinoT-  ,  !-fr?"'*"''"''  ''  ^^'^"^-     '^^»«  road,  from 
bkUI  0  IishkiU.  a  distance  of  19  miles,  traverses  the  High- 

f«,  and  IS  remarkable  for  its  formidable  hills  and  t.h.  ^,4 

kt   fTf  ;•         r''''  ''  ""  '""''''y  -J^«^^y  changes 
^at  of  a  fertile  and  cultivated  fanning  district 

^nng  the  Revolutionary  v.ar,  this  village  was  for  a  period 


34       NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 

the  head.quarter3  of  the  American  amy.    The  church  is  stj 
.landing  here  in  which  Enoch  Crosby,  the  spy  of  Revolut:onar| 
uiemory,  was  confined  for  a  time,  his  escape  bemg  admirab! 
described  in  Cooper's  romance  of  the  "  Spy,"  undsr  the  assuu.=| 
name  of  Harvey  Birch. 

New  IlAMBiruGH,  6  miles  north  of  Newburgh,  is  a  steambo 
landing  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  where  Wappinger  s  Crcelj 
an  important  mill-stream,  empties  into  the  Hudson. 

Ham.ton  is  another  landing  nearly  opposite,  bemg  connec 
ed  wiih  I^ew  Hamburgh  by  a  ferry.     One  or  two  miles  northf 
the  village  of  Marlborough. 

Barnegat,  a  few  miles  above,  on  the  east  side  of  the  nvd 
is  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  large  quantxtxes  of  bmej 
MiLiov,  9  nuks  above  Newburgh,  and  4  m.lcs  below  Pougl 
kecpsie,  is  a  convenient  steamboat  bmding;  the  village  s.an 
about  half  a  mile  back  from  the  river.  .,,,„] 

TiieCity  of  Pouchkkepsik  is  handsomely  situated  on  fl 
east  side  of  the  Hudson,  about  equi  distant  between  the  c> 
of  New  York  and  Albany,  being  75  miles  from  the  lormer,  .i 
71  from  the  latter  by  water.     It  was  incorporated  in  1801 1 
village,  and  chartered  as  a  city  in  1854 ;  it  now  contains  al 
13  000  inhabitants ;  1,C0U  dwelling-houses,  many  ot  them  t. 
edifices;   a  court-house,  and  jail  and  county  poor-house; 
splendid  collegiate  building  ;   the  Dutchess  Academy  ;  two 
xnale  seminaries,  besides  several  select  schools;  a  lycouni 
reading-room;    two  public   markets;    one  l^resbytenan 
Congregational,  two  Episcopal,  one  Baptist,  two  Methodist, 
Dut^h  Ueformed,  one  Universalist,  one  Roman  Catholic 
one  African  Church,  and  two  Friends'  meeting-houses; 
banking-houses,  and  a  savings'  institution.     Poughkeepsi 
tains  several  well-kept  hotels  and  taverns;  30  dry  good  s 
r>0  groceries,  besides  a  large  number  of  other  different  1ub| 
Btores  and  shops  ;  also  two  breweries,  one  of  wuich  ib  v.r 
tensive,  perhaps  the  largest  in  the  State.  be;ng   capabj 
making  iiO.OUO  barrels  of  beer  annually,  and  an  extens^v. 
manufactory.     Here  are  owned  three  steamboats,  three  trj 

\ 


arg.s.  and  eight  sloops,  engaged  in  transporting  produce  and 
lerchandize  to  and  from   the  New  Vork  market    „nnr 
(aces  on  the  river.    No  place  on  ih.  n  T  ^^^' 

KY  for  beautv  nf  1..T  ""^''*"   «-^«°^d«  ti"S 

Ky  lor  beauty  of  location;   it  is  surrounded  hy  one  of  th. 
ichest  agricultural  districts  in  the  Union   nn.i 
|nked  as  the  queen  of  cities  in  the  EmX' Stal'T^^ 
1 1855,  12,763.  ^  ®-    ^  "P"lation 

p«,  aoout  half  a  mile  northpT^f  nf  fi,„  «  .  * 

li         -  .     ,  tneast  ot  the  compact  nart  of  f ho 

bpcct  of  the  mer  and  surrounding  oountry,  which  orno 
1  to  ojcite  the  admiration  of  every  lover  of  Jl! 
hery;   in  addition  to  the  coHegiate' WMio!.  ^     rif: 
H'd  ed:flcs,  here  ha,  be=n  erected  an  .xtensi,:  gymnLl 

f«aghli.cpsie  is  a  corruption  of  the  Mian  word^»„A-„, 

^^^2r  ""''r"'"''-     "  ™  -'^  »tt,"'atdt 
3  the  Sta  „  convenfon  met  here  lo  ratify  the  federal  Con 
":on  of  the  United  States;  previous  to  that  date    ,?  stal^ 
lature  frequently  eonvened  in  this  city    whM    ha,  , 
considered  a  favorite  place  of  residenct  "  '°°« 

..  'trefNrw1-''r'  """''  "  '^^'  """"--tion 
F'     tars  a,  rive  and  depart  almost  hourly 

verca;:;;:r.s:;'"""""«"''°"'»-  ^ « '-  >> 

no  "■*:;':.!?_''"""-«. --"■..ore! 

inhabitants. 


The 


fP 


country  between  New  York  and  Alban, 


PToelf 


36       NKW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  El  .. 

this  part  of  Dutchess  County  for  the  beauty  of  its  country  resi- 

"^TLaatsb.  UGH,  5  milcB  north  of  the  >'illage  of  Hyde  Park,   j 
arc  situated  several  fine  country  residences.  „      .,        ^ 

EsoP^s  MEAnows,  as  they  are  called,  6  or  -  miles. above 
Hyde  Park,  are  extensive  marshes,  covered  with  water  dunns 
hih  tide ;  they  lie  opposite  the  town  of  Esopus,  on  the  west  side 
^the  river.    Pei^ham  is  a  small  landing  on  the  same  side,  a  ! 
little  south  of  the  meadows.  ,,    ,    .     ..     ,„4 

RONBOXTT.  89  miles  north  of  the  city  of  New  York,  is  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  a  large  stream  of  the  same  name,  where  here 
iB  a  light-house  built  by  the  United  States  government.    This  is 
an  important  place  of  considerable  trade,  containing  an  active 
population  of  about  5,000  inhabitants;  many  of  whom  are  en- 
Zed  in  navigation,  and  others  are  furnished  employment  bj 
L  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal,  which  terminates  at  Enny- 
VXI.X.K.  2  miles  above  llondout.      The  canal  is  108  mi  es  m\ 
length,  extending  in  connection  with  a  railroad  of  16  miles,  to 
the  coal  mines  of  Pennsylvania.    From  the  mouth  of  Rondout 
Creek  a  number  of  steamboats,  freight  barges,  and  sloops  are 
regularly  employed  in  carrying  an  immense  quantity  of  Lack- 
awaxen  coal,  lumber,  lime,  and  produce  of  different  kinds. 
Stages  run  from  this  place  to  the  village  of  Kingston,  and  to  the 
Landing  opposite  Rhinebeck,  where  the  line  boats  land  and 
receive  paL^sengcrs  several  times  daily.  ^  ,^,    tt  J 

Kingston  Landing  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hud- 
son  River,  90  miles  north  of  the  city  of  New  York;  this  Land- 
ing  was  formerly  called  Columbits  Point.    A  ste.m  ferry-boai 
here  plies  across  the  river.  I 

The  village  of  Kingston  is  handsomely  situated  on  a  plamJ 
thi-ough  which  flows  the  E.opus  Creek,  b  miles  west  of  thj 
landing  on  the  river.    U  was  incorporated  in  1805.  and  no^ 

contains  about  4,000  uiliabitanis,  ox-nj  dvYax.x.ii-. s-  --  . 

house  and  jail;  six  churches;  two  banking-houses,  an  incorpoj 
rated  academy  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  a  female  semnj 
ary ;  also  several  weU-kept  public  houses.     Stages  leave  thi 


/■/ 


iiaaa  n  nmil't-l 


NEW  VORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC.       37 

«.-e  io'co„,.„„.  :r::r :  ™'  :r;r™f' -  »'"«es 

Iha!  Imi  nn.l  receive  „n«  '""■"'  ='»™l>oat3 

lllcd  by  tie  Dutch   mt^nv  „7„i       !,        ^"''  ™'  ^'''^  »<"" 
|lhi,  Ticinity,  "^    '  "'"•"'  ''^''"''"te  no;,  reside  in  . 

f  October  fo.,„„i„,  i.  ^slatt^;:  r";!:?,''? 
bmy,  under  tlie  commnnd  of  r.„  tr      ,  ■^      "  ^"''* 

[he  rcUef  of  Geu  Zlut  !      ^'"'°'""'' '^''"^  ■""*»«  '0 

(ediaecy  after  delt "y  u^  TZllV.  '"'l^^"''-    '- 
Tpitaeely  recreated  to  fteb  ™sA  "  :  '      1"'""  '^^^  P"" 
fcd  returned  to  the  cityof  N^Y  rl'  So  *%«",''™  «"«• 
Ve  stone  huildings  were  Stan l!  a'.at!  rtlf  ?'"  f 
1st  of  the  walls  were  tnton  .1  V  ^^^'  ^^®^  *^e 

U  erected  on  trsa"^"'  ^^'  ^'^  ^^"^^^^  ^-^"g- 

IRH1.VKBECK  La^vbikg,  90  miles  from  New  York  and  55  f.on, 
fbany,  is  situated  on  the  east  suIp  .f  J^  *  ^^.^  and  o5  from 
Nty  a.,  located  a  number  of  b  aut  f  1  '""•  '"  *'^ 
Hooking  the  Hudson.  ^^  '"^^^'^  ^^^*^«"°««  • 

^he  village  of  Rhx^.bkck  is  handsomely  situated  on  a 
P'  2  miles  east  of  the  landino-     if  4=  •  ''"'^^^ea  on  a 

Itains  about   1  onn  ,nin  v    ^I  ^"^orporated,  and  now 

tLt:per:r5;:;Lr-'-*^^^ 

.,f„,l  K,,  "!    ™'.'  .  f  ™'"''  f--™  New  York,  and  is  .„r. 

is  mav  r   I  ™''  "'  "  <""»»"  of  some  12  or  16 

I  oi^«fai«  House,  elevated  nearly  3,000  feet  above 

I  4 


38       NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANT,  TROY,  ETC. 

near  tho  precipitous  front  of  a  rocKy  P  ^^^.^^ 

extent,  called  Pine  Orchard   f"^  ^^  ^^  ^  ucomman* 
formerl,  grew  out  f  ro»  tUe  «.ur     of  *   -^  „,,,„. 

a  vast  and  noble  prospoot,  and  is  a  mo» 
from  the  heats  of  8°>™";';       ,^„^j„,  lOO  miles  from  Ne^l 

TorU  and  46  miles  «"- f*^' ^  great' number  of  beautiful 
ing.    In  this  ™m>ly  »"''>»«'  ^  ^^_^  ^^^^^„  I 

eeuntry  residences,    in   UeHunne  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^_^^^^    , 

taken,  during  the  months  "^J,  t„,,  p,ies  acrJ 
r:t:tnd::r:  thV::t  Slde^near  the  iron..or.s  J 
Sauger-ies  manufacturing  village  by  the  chaJ 

f  e  o7  CT.I     si  uated  on  the  Esopus  Creek,  near  id 
tered  name  of  TOW,  »i  „ier.fall  affording  nJ 

entrance  into  the  Hudson,  wicre  is  aw  J 

tomeuse  hydraulic  power   "««^  °'  r;;;";     The  rill»g«  oo^ 

tains  about  o.oOO  ™"'7'"'    '         ^„^t  ^d  several  sloops  r. 
^r  :^rr  n:  crtraLugh  the  usual  steamb. 

^ding  for  *;P--;;-~:l,e  R*ook  and  H  -J 

Bhistoi.,  or  M*'-'"'»-  ^  i  f,„„  the  landing  to  t| 

from  Saugerties.    A  '"S'"^  '";,.„  „f  Uie  steam  pa  J 

■riUage,  on  the  arrival  and  departu.  .  I 

'T.;.  and  W..X  CMP.  a  few  mile,  above  Bristol,  arej 
Dutch  settlements  on  «"  »J-  °^^»  ';Z  ^.^  York  and 
The  vdlage  of  C*^'""--'/"  ™;' '^a^,  „,  Catskiil  Cr.^ 

■^-'T.^"^rrrur:iVcipai  st.etw 

:™ ;  half :;«;  .=ai*-  t:r:~5  >»^'«" 

eorporraed  in  1800,  and  "«;-»'^;*  ,,  o  .anking-ho. 
400  dwelliug-houses.  »  «"  :^°j;J  „„  ;,  „w.ed  asU, 
5  churches,  and  several  public  housts. 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


89 


f 


I  boat  and  4  barges,  besides  several  sloops  employed  in  transport- 
ing  produce  and  merchandise  to  and  from  the  city  of  New  York 
and  different  places  on  the  river.  A  ferry-boat  plies  across  the 
river  from  the  landing  at  that  place,  to  Oak  Hill,  Columbia 
County.  A  stage  runs  from  Catskill  to  Hudson,  via  Athens, 
Itwice  daily,  and  a  stage  runs  semi-weekly  to  Prattsville,  »ia 
iHunter  and  Lexington.  Stages  also  run  daily  during  the  warm 
[weather  from  the  steamboat  landing  to  the 

Catskill  Mountain  House,  at  the  Pitie  Orchard,  distant 
labout  12  miles  from  Catskill.  The  following  is  a  glowing  de- 
scription of  this  well-known  and  charming  summer  retreal : 

'PixVE  Orchard,  forming  a  part  of  the  Catskill  Mountain 
range,  is  situated  about  12  miles  from  Catskill,  Greene  County, 
ft  is  elevated  3,000  feet  above  the  tide-waters  of  the  Hudson, 
^hich  noble  stream,  and  the  surrounding  country,  it  overlooks 
Jbr  a  great  distance,  affording  a  varied  and  extensive  view  of 
^e  greatest  interest.     On  the  summit  is  erected  a  large  and 
lommodious  public  house,  called  the  Mountain  House,  for  the 
Iccommodation  of  visitors,  w1io  resort  here  in  great  numbera 
luring  the  summer  m<       ..    j  ,  this  vicinity  are  other  mount- 
lin  peaks  of  still  greater  elevation,  and  water-falls  of  the  most 
Jild  and  romantic  character,  altogether  forming  unrivaled 
Ittractions,  which  are  well  worthy  of  a  visit.    From  this  lofty 
■Tiinence  all  inequaUties  of  surface  are  overlooked.     A  seem- 
Pgly  endless  .succession  of  woods  and  waters,  farms  and  vil- 
Jges,  towns  and  cities,  are  spread  out  as  upon  a  boundless 
fap.       :ir  in  the  east  rise  the  Taghkanic  Mountains,  and  the 
[ghlands  of  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts.    To  t  iiu  left,  and 
a  still  greater  distance,  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont 
Iretch  away  to  the  north,  and  their  blue  summits  smd  the  blue 
h  mingle  together.     The  beautiful  Hudson,  studded  with 
fands,  appears  narrowed  in  the  distance,  with  steamboats  al- 
most constantly  in  sight ;  while  vessels  of  every  description 
Ireading  their  white  canvn.s  to  the  breeze,  are  moving  rapidly 
ter  its  surface,  or  idly  loitering  in  the  calm.    These  may  be 
aced  to  the  distance  of  nearly  seventy  miles  with  the  naked 


%0 


NEW   YORK    TO    ALBANY,    TROY,    ETC. 


eye;  and  again  at  times  all  below  is  enveloped  in  dark  clouds! 
and  rolling  mist,  which,  driven  about  by  the  wind,  is  constantlyf 
assuming  new,  wild,  and  fantastic  forms.  From  Pine  Orchard] 
a  ride  or  walk  of  a  mile  'r  two  brings  you  to  the  Kaaterskilll 
falls.  Here  the  outlet  of  two  small  lakes  leaps  down  a  perpen| 
dicular  fall  of  130  feet,  then  glides  away  through  a  channcj 
worn  in  the  rock,  to  a  second  fall  of  80  feet.  Below  this  it  ' 
lost  in  the  dark  ravine,  through  which  it  finds  its  way  to  tliij 
valley  of  the  Catskill." 

The  City  of  Hudson,  situate  on  the  east  side  of  the  riverj 
116  miles  from  New  York  and  29  miles  from  Albany,  is  a  placj 
of  much  trade  and  importance.    It  lies  near  the  head  of  sliij 
navigation,  and  was  formerl>  celebrated  for  being  largely  ei 
gaged  in  the  West  India  trade,  and  more  recently  in  the  wlia'J 
fishery.     Hudson  was  first  settled  in  1783,  by  Thomas  Jenkiil 
and  others,  most  of  whom  were  Quakers,  from  IMassachusetj 
and  Rhode  Island,     The  city  was  chartered  in  1785,  and  is 
Tided  into  2  wards;  in  1855  it  contained  0,720  inhabitiniti 
about  000  dwelling-houses,  a  court-house  and  jail,  with  a  boiil 
tiful  white  marble  front,  surmounted  by  a  dome ;  8  churcj 
es  of  different  denominations,  including  2   Friends'  meetinj 
houses ;  2  banks,  2  public  markets,  and  6  hotels.     The  Huds 
Academy  at  this  place  is  an  old  chartered  institution,  and  tj 
Hudson  Female  Seminary  is  a  new  and  flourishing  boardin 
school  for  young  ladies  ;  besides  which  there  are  several  sdio 
both  male  and  female.     The  Franklin  Library  Association  ij 
young  and  popular  institution,  to  which  is  attached  a  Iml 
library  and  philosopliical  apparatus.      The  Hudson   Lunn 
Anyhnn  is  situated  on  State  Street,  on  the  north  side  of 
city,  facing  the  court-house  on  the  south.    The  city  is  suppj 
by  pure  nnd  wholesome  water  by  a  chartered  aqueduct  fj 
pany,  wlio  bring  the  water  in  iron  pipes  from  a  spring  nlwif 
miles  riiMtaal.     Tho  Hudson  and  Boston  BaihGad  coiv, 
at  this  place,  and  extends  to  West  Stockbridgo,  Mass.,  n 
tance  of  34  miles  ;  running  within  7  miles  of  Lvbanon  Spn<\ 
which  are  much  resorted  to  (hiring   tho  summer.    Tlio  .| 


NEW  YORK    TO  ALBANV,  TUOV,  ETC.       41 

Urk  and  Albany  steamboats  also  land  and  vn.n- 

n  addition  to  the  passage-boats  wS  Tun  traTd^T' 

fork  direct,  thus  affor.lin,,  „  ,       *"n  lo  and  from  New 

kitiesofNewVorta'ln   -         "^  "°™™'™«o''  between 
hewate,-,  cd™     Isfe '^f     T"  ""•™'"''  '1"*  city,  near 

|e  state, or  t„„  peeuUar  „.e.iei„al  a„a  o„a.i,e  cuaUti^;" 

The  8cenory  in  lI,o  yioinity  is  not  only  beautiful  I,„.  ,,•  m 
aantic,  an.  we,,  e„,e„,„eea  to  attrae.'an^;  t'    ff 
the  nniuediate  ricinitv  flows  a  fino  .*  ..  visitor. 

^  wbo  „„  ron,i  or  .aLt :;.:,;;  riip:~r 

[•■Hire   too,  ,!,»  „,,„  ,„^^  ,„  _.^^ 

Mo„  a       i    „„^,  „,  ,„^  ^.^^,_^^  ^^^  .^  .1     nd  da,e 

Hi.  «...,  p,aeKl,  „nd  anon  ,a^i„g  i,«|f  ;„,„  ^  ,„  °f  °"" 


iii( 

„       ; "^  '"  *"*^'^'  "'  "8  wild  and  niajostio 

enough  to  gratify  their  curiosity. 

-  P-I..ietor  of  these  .Springn,  in  addition  to  the  erection 

;".;«e  and  commodious  house,  is  engaged  in  la.in.  ri"  " 


r-l 


42 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


New  Lebanon  Springs.— This  justly  celebrated  Spa  is  de- 
lightfully situated  near  the  division  line  between  the  States  ofl 
New  York  and  Massachusetts,  25  miles  from  Albany.  Therel 
are  fine  accommodations  at  the  Springs,  which  are  situated  onj 
the  side  of  a  hill,  overlooking  one  of  the  most  lovely  valleys  off 
our  country.  The  cavity  from  which  the  water  gushes  is  ICJ 
feet  in  diameter,  and  the  quantity  is  sufficient  to  drive  a  railir 
lis  temperature  is  uniformly  72'^.  It  is  tasteless,  inodorousj 
and  soft,  admirably  adapted  to  bathing,  and  excellent  in  cuj 
taneous  afiections,  rheumatism,  internal  obstructions,  liver  comj 
plaint,  ner/ous  debility,  etc. 

A  person  standing  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  in  the  roar  of  C» 
lumbia  Hall,  will  find  he  can  produce  a  fine  echo,  at  pleasure! 
In  the  neighborhood  are  small  lakes  and  streams  filled  witf 
trout,  and  Siere  are  beautiful  roads  and  beautiful  villages  wittj 
in  a  few  hours'  ride,  in  all  directions. 

For  Analysis  of  the  waters,  see  Springs,  Water-Falls,  etj 

About  two  miles  from  the  hotel  is  the  celebrated  S/iuher  *f| 
tlement,  which  is  much  visited  by  strangers,  particularly 
Sunday,  when  their  very  remarkabla  forma  of  worship  aij 

practiced. 

Lebanon  Springs  are  now  upon  the  line  of  railways,  and 
reached  without  difficulty  either  from  Hudson,  Albany,  N(| 
,  York,  or  Boston. 

CoxBACKiE  Lanping,  8  miles  above  Hudson,  is  situated  i 
'  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  22  miles  below  the  city  of  AlbatJ 
i  Here  are  three  separate  landings  within  the  distance  of  a 
altogetlier  containing  about  1.800  inhabitants,  2:.0  dwilliil 
houscB,  4  churches,  an  academy,  4  public  houses,  20  futures 
different  kinds,  and  15  warehouses,  1  steam  plaster  mill  nn| 
furnace,  1  ehip-yard  and  2  dry  docks  for  building  and  rcpij 

illg  VtSoSelS;    ly  exicnsnc  laiun.  jttf-ra.  r- 

yearly  a>H)ut  80,000,000  bricks.  This  is  also  a  convcni^ 
fiteamlwat  landing,  at  >vhich  BteamlKjats  touch  several  ta 
daily  during  the  season  of  navigation. 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC.       43 

The  village  of  Coxsackie,  1  mile  west  of  ih.  i     a- 

htendmg  .„  »„  b..e  of  .Uo  HeWerterg  Moun.aiL  ' 

Stoyvesant,  4  miles  farther  on  the  east  .!,?»  „f  *i       • 
8  a  flourishing  place  of  busiue«  from  whi  1  '''™- 

f  produee  are  aonua.ly  ^^IZ^Ty:IV7T^ 

^otr,  in  the  interior  being  J„s,„  eeCL'  fT i^'f*! 

k.  6  miles  east  of  the  river.  a'nVno.ed  rr  rr,'u,:  ^-f 
ktion.  It  is  the  birth.plaee  of  e.^-residtVy  n  b„1  -  J 
t'°" ="*"»  ''  "  P'--'  ««at  about  2  milfs  sTXf 

rps.    The  village  contains  about  700  inhabitant^  nnrJ  I,/ 

L,  Lr;;;:'^^::,?  z:  rfh:rer:'T "  ?- 

f  roons  m    ojj.    All  f„r„,g„  traders  were  hero  obliEcd  to 
fc  „  b       ,    T  *°  '°""'  °"'  "'"*  "'»  P-'  of  'a    ciny 

F  -X  :::^-  Jiz  rr  -  --^^  •"''  "'"'■"°  "'^^°  ■ 

I  8  ntii  aanptoa  lor  the  purposes  for  whioh  if  ™„- 

^.-y  oocnpie,,  a.  it  con.pletol/eolands  the  rl'n'elT 

»:Tr"- ' '""".""™  ••''■''■"""' ""'' « ■»"™  fro..  Ai. 

L;.   ''""'""  '"^  "'"  "'«'•  "W*  i-  "'7  injurious  to  n.rt. 
r  "'""""<'">  «  -""-  Wow  the  eity  of  Albany.  h„ 


44 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


heretofore  formed  tte  principal  obstruction  to  the  free  naviga- 
tion  of  the  Iludsoa  on  its  tide-waters.  Here  were  several  bars 
or  flats,  with  narrow  channels,  affording  at  low  tides  but  a 
small  depth  of  water-this  obstruction,  however,  has  of  late 
been  mostly  removed  by  an  expenditure  by  the  United  States 
Government,  the  depth  of  the  water  being  materially  increased, 
the  channel  made  straight,  and  the  navigation  much  improved. 
GREENBr.H,  opposite  the  south  part  of  the  city  of  Albany, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry-boat,  contains 
about  8,000  inhabitants.  Immediately  above  may  be  seen  the 
depot  and  buildings  attached  to  the  Hudson  River  Railroad 

East  Albany.  144  miles  from  New  York  and  6  miles  belo. 
Troy    is  the  terminus  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  and  Al- 
bany and  West  Stockbridge  Railroad,  a  link  of  the  Westeni 
Railroad  of  Massachusetts.    Hero  also  terminates  the  Trof 
and  Greenhiish  Railroad.  , 

ALBANY,  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  one  of  the  oldes^ 
cities  in  the  Union,  is  eligibly  situated  on  the  west  side  of  th 
Hudson  River.  145  miles  north  of  the  city  of  New  York;  J] 
miles  by  railroad,  east  of  Buffalo ;  200  west  of  Boston,  and  2j 
Bouth  of  Montreal.     It  was  originally  called  "  Beaver  Wyd] 
(i    e.,  Beaver  Town),  and  afterward  '«  Williamstadt."      It  rei 
ceived  its  present  name  in  1664,  in  honor  of  James,  duke 
York  and  Albany,  afterward  James  IL,  in  whose  reign  t 
original  city  charter  was  granted  by  Governor  Doiigan,  Jull 
22    1080,  and  the  government  vested  in  "  The  Mnyor,  Aldel 
men,  and  Commonalty  of  the  city  of  Albany."  consisting  oftj 
Mayor,  Recorder,  ton  Aldermen,  and  ten  Assistants.     IH 
Charter  has  been  materially  altered  by  recent  enactments  ( 
the  Legislature;   the  assistant  aldermen  nro  merged  m  tj 
aldermen,  but  the  corporate  name  is  still  preserved.    It  i8  d«^ 
divided  into  ten  wards,     In  1855  its  population  was  57,a33.  [ 
It  is  indelitod  for  its  prosperity  to  the  enterprise  of  its  ninw 
itants,  and  the  impulse  given  to  its  trade  by  the  Ene  aj 
Champlain  canals,  which  unite  alx)Ut  8  miles  to  the  north,  j 
enter  the  Hudson  River  at  the  north  end  of  the  city.    A  l«i 


NKW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TUOY,  ETC.       45 

jhas  been  formed  in  front  of  the  city,  protected  from  the  river 

f  y  a  pier  one  mile  and  a  quarter  in  length,  furni.hing  a  safe 

Ihnrbor  for  vessels,  and  securing  them  from  injury  by  the  ice, 

.Lich  m  the  spnng  freshets  comes  down  the  river  in  innnense 

quantities,  sometimes  causing  great  damage.     The  city  is  com- 

^andmg  m  its  situation,  and  appears  to  great  advantage  from 

Ihe  river.    There  are  three  ravines  running  from  east  to  west, 

known  as  the  Foxes  Kill,  the  Rutten  Kill,  and  the  Beaver  Kill 

i  ''fan  f  t:':'''''  ''''  '"'"'  ''  '"Sh>  being  at  an  elevation  of' 
rom  140  to  IGO  feet  above,  and  gradually  ascending  from  the 

liver  The  view  from  either  of  the  heights  is  picturesque  in 
le  highest  degree.    To  the  north  may  be  seen  the  city  of  Trov 

Ind  the  adjacent  villages,  and  in  the  distance  the  hills  of  Ver- 

liont.     To  the  east  the  beautiful  extent  of  country  lying 

fed  Catskill  Mountains.     The  public  buildings  are  of  .he  most 
eautiful  and  tasteful  character.    Tlie  Capitol,  occupied  by  the 
^gislature  and  the  State  courts ;  the  State  Hall,  for  the  accom- 
lodation  of  the  public  offices;  the  City  Hall,  occupied  for  city 
hd  county  purposes,  and  by  the  United  States  courts;  and 
e  Albany  Academy,  having  300  pupils,  face  tne  public  square 
the  head  of  State  Street.     This  squiire  is  formed  by  tho 
^pitol  and  Academy  parks,  which  are  inclosed  with  substau- 
W  iron  fences,  erected  on  stone  bases,  and  are  laid  out  with 
>k8  bned  with  ornamental  trees  of  choicest  species.     A  more 
Ihghtful  spot  in  the  Bummer  is  not  to  bo  four  1  in  any  inland 
ly  m  the  Union.    A  few  rods  south  of  tlio  .ouare,  on  Kagle 
feet,  ,s  the  County  Jail  and  tho  Me<Hcai  College     This  col 
ke  ^as  incorporated  in  1839,  and  occuj.ies  a  buiMing  grant-xl 
jit  by  the  corporation  of  the  citj.  a.lmirably  adapted  for  its 
irposcs.    Iho  college  already  possesses  one  of  the  most  valuable 
facums  in  the  country,  which  has  rocentlv  boon  gronfW  ««_        , 
p-d  and  enriched  by  specimens  imported  direct ^rorn'Oer- 
hy  and  Franco.    The  Albany  Exchange,  situated  at  tho  foot 
«tate  Street,  is  a  large  and  commodious  building,  oonstructod 
granite.    It  la  occupied  for  stores,  offices  of  professional  men 


11 


46 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


and  the  post-office.    The  Young  Men's  Association,  established 
for  "  Mutual  Improvement,"  was  the  pioneer  institution  of  its 
kind  in  this  State,  and  embraces  all  ranks  and  professions,  now 
numbering  about  1,500  members.    It  has  an  extensive  reading- 
room,  supplied  with  the  leading  newspapers  of  this  country  and 
England ;  also  a  room,  furnished  with  the  most  popular  anl 
standard  periodicals  and  reviews,  native  ctnd  foreign ;  an  excel- 
lent library  of  several  thousand  volumes,  and  a  lecture-room 
capable  of  seating  300  persons,  in  which  two  lectures  a  week 
are  delivered,  from  the  first  of  December  to  the  first  of  March. 
Strangers  have  free  access  to  all  except  the  lecture-room  and 
library.     There  are  four  Presbyterian  churches,  one  Associate 
do.,  three  Dutch    Reformed,   one  Unitarian,   four  Methodist 
Episcopal,  one  African  do.,  three  Baptist,  one  colored  do.,  two 
Lutheran,  three  Episcopalian,  one  Universalist,  three  Ilomunj 
Catholic,   one  Independent  church,   one  Mission   House,   two 
Jewish  Synagogues,  one  Bethel,  and    one  Friends'  meeting- 
house. 

The  Old  State  Hall,  recently  occupied  for  state  offices,  is  con- 
verted into  a  museum  for  the  reception  of  the  geological  cabinetl 
formed  under  the  direction  of  the  State  geological  surveyors.l 
The  New  York  State  Agricultural  Society  also  here  hold  theirl 
meetings  in  a  room  reserved  for  that  purpose.     The  other  piibl 
lie  institutions  whoso  meetings   are  held  at  Albany  are  tlid 
Now  York  State  Temperance  Society  and  the  State  Mi'ilicui 
Society,     fhero  are  also  in  the  city,  in  addition  to  those  monj 
tionod,  various  benevolent,  religious,  and  scientific  institutiotnj 
among  them  the  Albany  lustitut,,  with  a  valuable  library  iiii] 
extensive  museum,  occupying  a  room  in  the  Albany  Acadcnuy. 
The  Dudlnj  Observatory  is  a  new  and  jwpular  institution 
being  very  liltorally  endowed  by  a  lady  whose  name  it  boars. 
The  principal  hotels  in  Albany  are  the  American  Hotel, '" 

Sluld  Bireet ;    LongrcBs  iiau,  i  jun.  r.  i-xve,  neai    int  •  .-^i ■• 

Delavan  House,  77  Broadway ;  Franklin  House,  130  and  \A 
State  Street;  Mansion  House,  24  Broad ,v ay ;  and  Stanwix  Ilalj 
corner  of  Broadway  and  Maiden  Lane. 


I  House,  two! 
ads'   meeting- 


"EW  VOBK   TO  AlBANr,   IKOr,   KTO.  47 

"  It  is  difficult  to  set  bounds  tn  th^  f  x 
=ity,  the  ca.ital  of  the  sTpt  Stl    T\  '~'"'"  "'  "^ 

aomo  00  miles  from  the  8ea  1  „  n  "''-"'"<^'-  ™vig.tio„, 
son.  Paris,  on  the  SeiVe  "'s  . n^  ""  '"■'""  '"»■'  ""  H""" 
don  ooatains  about tooi  000  1  T     7'"' °''"°'''-    ''°"- 

first  class  on  this  continent    LT !    \  ""^  ""'"^  °''  '^^ 

I  Paris,  as  seen  from  the  heights  of  «  ?  """^  """'"^ 
London,  when  h„heM  ^r^X^^ZZnlt  Tr' 
Tanegated  and  beantifin  •  .„  .  *'•  P""!',  is 

U  Jn  from  the  mo^Wn  K  TTI  ""^  "'""^  "'  *"»'"«'. 

the  North  or  Hudl  Kiver"  *    ^""^*  ""  '"'"'  »'''«''  °f 

I   Tl,.f.  I       ^  '^"""' ""» "««"h  and  resources 

I    Ihe  trade,  commerce,  and  manufactures  of  AlbTnT 

>-derable     Steamboats,  tow-boats,  1  w"^    "J:"' 

K-'.  extending  to  Buffalo  audTi  '  ra  Fa  ,  1,,?'^°' 
Mte  at  Albany  rpnrln,.;,     •,.  "''"gara  i  alls,  all  termi- 

Y  the  Union  '"*  "  """  "'  ""  K'eat*  thoroughfare, 

D.,r.»cK.  „„«  A.B..V  TO  llosxo..  by  Railroad : 

.0  West  Stockbridce 

88  Miles. 


ItUto  Linn  in  TJU*,.fl_i  i  —J 

Iprmgfiold,  „    ''^'f'- 

Torcester, 

PosTOiv,  Via  Boston  and  TVorcestcr  H. 


49 
302 
156 
200 


<< 


K 


<l 


(( 


II 


Illlllllllll 


48  NEW   YORK    TO    ALBANY,    TROY,    ETC. 

Distances  from  Albany  to  Montreal,  via  Saratoga  Springs  | 
and  Lake  Champlain : 

To  Troy,  bi/  Hudson  liioer  or  railroad  . .  6  Miles. 

Ballstongpa,  "         ..25     31     |^ 

Saratoga  Springs,  "         . .         '^     ^2     " 

Whitehall  "         ..  39    77     '^^ 

Burlington,  by  steamboat 7G  153 

Plattsburgh,  by  steamboat 178 

ilouss'a  Point,  by  steamboat ii03 

St.  John's,  Canada,  by  railroad 23  22t3     " 

Montreal,  by  railroad 22  218 

w'e  copy  the  following  Extract  relating  to  the  early  historj 
of  Albany : 

"The  younger  race  of  fashionables  and  semi-fashionablesi 
know  Albany,  or  affect  to  know  it,  merely  as  a  big,  city-lookingl 
place,  full  of  taverns  and  hotels,  whera  they  land  from  the! 
steamboat,  on  their  way  to  Saratoga,  Niagara,  or  Quebecl 
Another  set  of  less  locomotive  good  folks,  especially  in  Newl 
York  and  Philadelphia,  have  no  notions  about  it,  but  those  doJ 
rived  from  the  old  traditionary  jokes  upon  its  ancient  Schepensj 
and  Schoutens,  its  burly  burgomasters,  '  its  lofty  spues  glitterj 
ing  with  tin,  and  hospitable  boards  smoking  with  sturgeon.' 

"  But,  in  honest  truth,  there  are  few  cities  of  the  size  anyj 
where  which  can  exhibit  a  greater  or  a  more  agreeable  varietH 
of  society  and  manners.     In  Albany  may  be  found  talent  aii| 
learning,  accomplishment  and  beauty.    The  towns  of  Europ 
of  the  same  size  and  relative  importance,  can  in  this  rcspccj 
bear  no  sort  of  comparison  with  it.     Then,  too,  its  situatios| 
the  prospect  from  its  higher  grounds  and  streets,  abound 
scenes  meet  for  romantic  fiction.    Albany  is  rich  also  in  inon 
sober  but  equally  interesting  recollections  of  our  national  liisl 
t»ry.    There  (to  use  the  once  familiar  personification  in  wliicj 

iQUian  orator^'  uv;hgiiiea  iv  cjjtran  '_-i  .-..- - 

governments),  Corlaer  and  Ononthio  were  wont  to  meet  anT 
plant  the  tree  of  peace,  or  else  extinguish  their  council  firo  ai^ 
part  in  wrath.  There,  about  the  middle  of  the  last  centr 
(1761),  the  governors  of  the  several  provinces  met  the  chiefso 


ratoga  Springs 


B  early  iiistorjl 


r>li    nnfl    P.ntflis 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBAXr,  TROY,  ETC.       49 

;lie  Six  Nations,  and  the  ambassadors  of  the  r„f     1. 
•ther  Southern  tribes,  and  buried  the  hatchet   h7'  ''^ 
*ole  Indian  race  on  this  oonf;.     /      .  ^®*''^®^  *^e 

eace  in  Fort  Oran."     Tl^ZTr'^  ^^'  ^^^°*^^  *^«  tree  of 
irst  General  Con.^ss  in  tlich  h" '"7  '''"'  "^^  ^^^^^  *^-* 
agonal  defonse^erTmX:::-^^^^^^^ 
ble  coincidences  with  which  the  hand  of  P     V        ""'^''^^ 
'ly  inscribed  the  evidence  of  ^fn  *^f  .^^«^^d«^<^e  l^as  legi- 

.r  national  histor,;: ;:?:  ^  7^.^^  i^^  ^'-^^  ^^ 
franklin,  and  other  patriots  destined  to  tlJ^  ^    "•^'"'''' 

beir  country,  signed  the  first  In    f  .         ^  '''  ^'^"'^  "^ 
hclaimed  to  tnetlonies  thlt  t^;^^^^^^^^^  -<^ 

h  and  able  to  protect  themselves  W  >v  fr^  '  °  ^°^- 
;ents  of  the  Revolution.^  Tllbany  \^^^^^^^^  '/^^^'  ''  "^^ 
h  Of  that  struggle.  Montgoml^;  ^  J  L^  Tnd  alt'^' 
^d  the  elder  Clinton,  in  turns  r^lnr^r,  1  ^y^^^'^^^^^^^oa, 
«  of  war,  while  thVd  i,  w Lt  "  7  7'^  '""  °''^'''- 
uiJ^els."  ^      '  ^^  ^^^^^  ^^gor  to  our 

Kafi,        •      ''''''''"'^'    ^^^ETY    YEARS    SmCE. 

•'The  city  of  Albany  was  stretched  along  the  banks  nf  .. 
idsou:  one  vprv  xviri^  „    1  1  '^  oanijs  ot  the 

\oJZ          ^'     '"'"'  »"■"*  '■''P''"J'  -f"™  till  it  ioined 
"^ai  wiuor  than  the  other !  if  xvoc  ^^1 , 

f ''  "'^af  Ljdlus  Street.  Oiunok  Hotel,  situated  la  Market 

6 


50 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


of  a  market-place,  or  guard-house,  town  hall,  and  the  English 
and  Dutch  churches.    The  English  church  stood  at  the  upper  j 
end  of  the  street ;  the  Dutch  church  was  situated  at  the  bottom  j 
of  the  descent  where  the  street  terminated.    The  town,  in  pro- 
portion  to  its  population,  occupied  a  great  space  of  ground. 
This  city,  in  short,  was  a  kind  of  semi-rural  eslahlishment ;  I 
every  h<-uss  had  its  garden,  a  well,  and  a  little  gr<;.n  behind; 
before  every  door  a  tree  was  planted,  rendered  imoresting  by| 
being  coevil  with  some  beloved  member  of  the  famly." 


The  City  of  Troy,  150  miles  north  of  New  York  by  railroad 
route,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Hudson 
River,  at  the  head  of  tide-water  and  steamboat  navigation,  6 
miles  above  Albany.    It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1816, 
when  it  contained  nearly  5,000  inhabitants ;  it  has  recently 
been  made  a  port  of  entry,  and  contained  in  1835,  83,269  inhab- 
itants,  who  are  mostly  engaged  in  commerce,  navigation,  and 
manufactures.    Since  the  completion  of  the  Erie  and  OharapUin 
canals,  in  1825,  which,  opposite  this  place,  at  ih    village  of 
West  Troy,  unite  the  waters  of  the  lakes  with  the.  ■  <^i  the  Ifulj 
son,  Troy  has  rapidly  increased  in  wealth  and  populatioal 
Here  are  a  fine  court-house,  built  of  marble,  in  the  Greciftnl 
Doric  order;  a  jail  constructed  of  brick;  a  county  poor-housoj 
to  which  a  farm  containing  about  200  acres  is  attached ;  thl 
Troy  Female  Seminary,  a  flourishing  chartered  iustitutionj 
the  Troy  University  recently  established,  is  a  chartered  institui 
tion  largely  endowed ;  there  are  besides  several  select  schools  foj 
males  and  females.    Troy  contains  two  new  finely-modeled  a  j 
expensive  market  buildings  ;  seven  Presbyterian  churches,  tLre| 
Episcopal,  two  Baptist,  two  Methodist,  two  Catholic,  one  Ubij 
versalist,  one  Friends'  meeting-house,  and  an  African  churcbj 
ten  banks ;  four  savings'  banks  ;  two  insurance  companies ;  o;| 
lyceum  of  natural  history,  with  a  choice  scientific  library,  ani 
an  extensive  collection  of  minerals,  and  collections  in  varioj 
branches  of  natural  history;  a  Young  Mens  Association fl 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC.       61 

mutual  improvement,  with  a  large  library  and  extensive  read- 
I  mg-room.    The  principal  hotels  are  the  American  Hotel,  Fourth 
corner  of  Elbow  Street;  Mansion  House,  4  Washington  Square; 
Iroy  House,  li.ver,  corner  of  First,  Street ;  Washington  Hall, 
381  River  Street ;  and  Union  House,  near  Railroad  Depot 

Here  are  owned  about  60  masted  vessels,  four  large  passage 
Bteamboats  of  the  first  class,  two  smaller  sceam  passage-boats, 
and  five  steam  tow-boats,  with  22  barges,  which  ply  between 
ITroy  and  New  York,  transporting  annually  an  immense  amount 
of  produce  and  merchandise.    Four  lines  of  passage  and  freight 
boats  run  on  the  Champlain  Canal  from  Troy;  a  line  of  packet 
iBchooners  run  from  this  place  to  Boston  and  other  Eastern  ports  • 
a  Ime  of  caT.al  packets  to  Whitehall,  and  lines  of  daily  stages 
run  to  Whitehall,  and  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  to  Brattleboro  Vt 
M  Boston.    The  water-power  at  Troy  is  immense,  and  a  large 
ortion  of  It  still  unoccupied.     Within  the  limits  of  the  city 
Qd  about  a  mile  east  of  the  Hudson,  a  tunnel  has  been  exca' 
frated  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Marshall,  extending  from  the  Peekskill 
k  distance  of  about  800  feet,  and  gives  a  fall  of  180  feet     Seve-' 
fal  large  mills  and  factories,  to  be  supplied  with  water  from 
Pus  fall,  are  now  in  the  progress  of  erection.     Near  the  north- 
Iru  boundary  of  the  city  a  dam  has  been  built  across  the  Hud- 
jon,  by  the  State,  which  here  makes  a  fall  of  lU  feet   and 
Ireates  an  incalculable  amount  of  hydraulic  power.     This  place 
■^  abundantly  supplied  with  wholesome  ^^ater,  brought  from 
ke  Piscawin  Creek  through  large  iron  pipes,  with  hydrants  at 
Be  corners  of  the  streets. 

The  Renssdacr  and  Saratoga  Railroad  commences  at  this 
face,  crossing  the  Hudson  River  by  a  s.^bstantial  bridge,  1,650 
pt  m  length,  to  Green  Island ;  thence  it  continues  north 
press  several  branches  of  the  Mohawk  River  to  Waterford;  fol- 
•wing  the  vallev  of  tlm  Wiiriar,„  „r,*:i  u v     ^t 

Here  it  diverges  to  the  west  and  continues  to  the  village  of 
miston  Spa.  a  distance  of  25  milc«,  and  unites  with  the  Sara- 
ga  and  Schenectady  Railroad.  The  Schenectady  and  Troy 
nlroad,  21  miles  in  length,  was  completed  in  1842;  it  com- 


M. 


K!  ■ 


52 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


municates  with  the  Western  roads  at  Schenectady.     The  Troy 
and  Oreenbush  Railroad,  6  miles  in  length,  connects  with  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad;  and  the  Troy  and  Boston  RailroadA 
when  completed,  will  make  a  direct  railroad  communication 
from  Troy  to  Boston,  and  furnish  a  continuous  line  of  railroads  j 
from  Boston  to  Buffalo. 

The  city  of  Troy  has  long  hcen  celebrated  for  its  beauty  anJ| 
healthiness.     The  streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  are  gene- 
rally wide,  remarkable  for  their  cleanliness,  and  planted  with! 
beautiful  and,  in  the  hot  season,  most  grateful  forest  and  shade! 
tries.     From  Mounts  Ida  (     the  east  and  Olympus  on  the  nortlij 
an  extensive  and  charming  prospect  is  presented,  embracing  a| 
view  of  the  valley  of  the  Hudson  for  miles,  the  city  of  Albany! 
the  villages  of  West  Troy,  Lansingburgh,  Watei'ford,  and  CohoesJ 
and  the  Cohoes  Falls;   a  landscape  presenting  more  beautyj 
and  a  greater  variety  of  scenery  can  hardly  be  imagined! 
From  the  elevations  just  mentioned,  the  eye  rests  at  once,  as  onl 
a  map  spread  out  before  it,  on  city  and  village  teeming  with  lifil 
and  activity — the  broad  Hudson  rolling  on  in^  majesty  to  M 
ocean,  and  bearing  on  its  bosom  fleets  of  boats  and  vessels-| 
long  extent  of  the  Erie  Canal,  itself  no  common  stream,  floatin 
to  market  the  products  of  the  West— railroads,  over  which  aifj 
passing  with  lightning  speed  niUtitudes  in  pursuit  of  busine 
or  pleasure— on  woodlands  anl  ciiltivated  fields  harmoniouslj] 
blended— and  on  a  western  hoi'izou  of  undulating  highland 
which  toward  the  south  blend  with  the  famed  Catskill  Mount-j 
ains,  lifting  their  giant  heads  to  the  clouds. 

West  Troy,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  Riverl 
6  miles  above  the  city  of  Albany,  is  a  place  of  growing  importi 
ance.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1838,  and  no^ 
contains  about  8,000  inhabitants,  1,000  dwelling-houses, 
churches,  six  public  houses,  a  large  number  of  stores,  m 
mechanics'  sho^^s.  Tho  Erk  Canal,  which  passes  through  tbj 
center  of  the  village,  communicates  with  the  Hudson  by  tn 
comm^Hiious  side-cuts.  It  is  a  convenient  depot  for  vast  qtiantij 
ties  of  produce,  lumber,  and  merchandise^  being  on  the  Junctioi 


;8  at  once,  as  onl 


NEW    YORK    TO    ALBANY,   TROY,    ETC.  63 

Janal.  and  at  the  head  of  doop  navigation.     The  southern 
nouth  of  the  Mohawk  here  unites  with  the  Hudson 

The  Wacervliet  Arsenal,  situated  in  West  Troy,  near  the 
ker,  was  established  by  the  United  States  Government  in  1813 
1  Vf    v-V  T"""'  '^  «°««truction  in  the  Union,  having 
rreat  fac.hties  for  the  manufacture  and  transportation  of  war 
ke  ""Plementa,  and  is  well  worthy  of  a  visit.     The  grounds 
ttta  hed  to  the  arsenal  ...u-.t  of  about  100  acres,  inclosed  in 
pont  by  an  iron  feno.,  and  iu  he  rear  by  a  stone  wall.    Here 
tre  located  33  buildi.  ,..  .ompn.ag  storehouses  for  small  ^Z 
on  sheds  for  cannon  c. .  .mge..  timber  sheds,  magazines,  saw- 
^11,  paint,  carnage,  ma-    .no,  casting,  and  blacksmith  shops- 

f 00  officers,  soldiers,  and  hired  workmen  are  constantly  em- 
f  oyed  at  this  post,  which  number  could  be  greatly  increased  if 
found  necessary.     Here  are  now  manufactured  munitions  of 
»ar  amounting  to  an  estimated  value  of  $100,000  annually    The 
|)tal  value  on  hand,  January,  1841,  amounted  to  $1,662  320 
,  LAKSI.CBURGH,  3  miles  above  Troy,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Mson,  ,s  one  of  the  oldest  villages  in  the  State,  being  incor- 
fo  ated  as  early  as  1787.     It  now  contains  about  3,600  Labit- 
as.    During  the  Revolutionary  war  it  was  a  plac^  of  consider- 
ble  importance.    It  has  since  increased  but  slowly,  owing  to 

PTTtZ'''  ''""' ''  *'' ''''"'' "'  ^'^  ^°^^^^'«^' 

U7r'?.?  "''^^'""^  ^  "^^^  ^^'''  Lansingburgh,  on  the  op- 
fsite  side  of  the  river,  and  155  miles  north  of  the  city  of  New 

feih  wM  !u'  """^  ^""^^  '^  '^""P  navigation  on  the  Hudson, 
fth  which  the  northern  mouth  of  the  Mohawk  here  unites. 

llTr  ""  ""'  "^  ''  ''^^  P'^^^  'y  ^'^^  «^  ^  darn  and  sloop 
il  !  "PP''  P*''*  °^  *^«  «i*^  of  Troy.  Waterford  was  in- 
fporated  in  1805.  and  now  contains  a  population  ofThl. 
|-ui/  lima 01  tan ts. 

iThe  village  of  Cohoes,  2  mUes  west  of  Waterford.  is  situated 
low  the  Cohoes  Falls,  and  near  the  junction  of  the  E.ne  a..d 


54 


NEW   YORK    TO    ALBANY,    TROY,    ETC. 


Champlain  canald.    Here  is  aiForded  by  the  Mohawk  an  immense  I 
amount  of  hydraulic  power.    If  found  necessary,  the  whole  vol- 
ume of  water  in  the  river  can  be  used  for  propelling  machinery 
to  almost  any  extent,  having  a  total  fall  of  about  140  feet,  I 
Here  are  several  extensive  cotton  and  other  manufacturing  I 

C  f 

estabrshments ;  six  churches,  two  or  three  hotels,  and  a  popu- 
lation of  0,000  inhabitants,  mostly  employed  in  the  above  I 
manufactories.  The  Schenectady  and  Troy  Railroad  passesl 
near  the  village,  also  the  Albany  J\''orthern  Railroad  crossinjl 
the  Mohawk  a  short  distance  below  the  falls,  aiFording  a  sipccln 
conVeyance  to  and  from  this  interesting  locality. 

CoHOEs  Falls,  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Cohoesl 
village,  is  an  object  of  great  attraction.  It  is  much  resorted  tol 
during  the  summer  months  by  visitors  from  all  parts  of  tliel 
Union.  The  water  of  the  Mohawk  here  has  a  porpen  llcular  filll 
of  70  feet  besides  a  rapid  descent  above  and  below.  The  baiibl 
of  the  river  present  a  grand  and  romantic  appearance,  var,\ 
in  almost  perpendicular  height  of  from  50  to  120  feet,  for  a  dis-j 
tance  of  half  a  mile  below  the  falls,  where  a  substantial  bridge,j 
about  800  feet  long,  spans  the  stream. 

For  a  distance  of  70  miles  above  these  falls,  the  Mohawll 
winds  tlirough  a  romantic  valley,  formerly  affording  batteau 
navigation.  At  Little  Falls  occurs  a  descent  of  about  40  feet  ii 
the  distance  of  half  a  mile.  Above  this  point  the  stream  agniiij 
resumes  its  original  character  to  its  head,  near  the  village  ofj 
Rome,  Oneida  County — the  whole  valley  being  celebrated  foij 
lt&  fertility  and  historic  reminiscences. 


Fill 

'■Mil 


NBW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


55 


iimoi^  mvER  smMBOATs. 


I    The  following  list  embraces  nil  »,«  -n 

on  the  Hudson  Ri.er,  between  K  w  To^k' An'  ''"^''  ""''  '""^  "^""'"K 
first  introduetion  by  Eobert  F„lll  .t'^t''^!""'  ""^  -  '^7'  «ince  thei. 


Bnlie.       Name. 
ISnr..  Clermont 


by  Eobert  Fulton,  in  the  fall  of  iVor: 

Tom.  Coninmndera, 


IteniRikg. 


808.. North  River i-^'  q      "^  ^'^"ns Namo  fl.nno.-^ 

809..Carof  Nep'tU::;  IT5    ATjt^oTf  ••••Kon'ur 

'';™":;-  •••■••  "Uroken  np.- 
.  n^_."''''°'o"iew8unk  1825. 


|811..1Iope 

f^JI'- Perseverance 


811.  .Paragon  :r  " ' ' " '  al?"  l'  ^''<"-'"»"  ■  ■.■■.■:::.■  "Ken  nl? 


4»^8,.„cnv,„„^j:;:.;.S™,;;p. 


ehmond  ...       ' "  ota  ' 

si«  •x:'^?«'-"»eh.::;-  ''^^■ 

H18..Ch.  Livingston... 

&:uZZ''T fii-  -y™  wi;^;;;/ ; ; : :  ;a!  !-;s' 

!825.  .Sandusky     tt  Y'  ^"'•'I'olomew  .        Brok  n  im 

825. . Constit.,tfoni:  [  [  [  ]  [  '^l  •^Cl^wr"'";-. ' " "  •  •  •  Totloa?' 

,_    Constellation.  or/t  '«  ,  '  -f- Wiswall Now  rndinn- 

g.  .Ch  Jus.  Marshalit:  sJJ: . R'SdV' 8h''""''^'" •  Tow-l!a;g"."" 

^^jf^phii^defphia:S--^^^^:::::::i"^^^^^ 

127. .Nort/i  America. . . .  497    GiZnnT   n '^"" ^^'•"k"n  " D 

■-'8. .iC Wn,;;.;;  •  •  •  •  ?29-  -capt.  Ketchum ••••••  -^  "^  »  ^^^^• 


•i>e  wittciii'itoii;; 


.  .t»ami's  Benson  'r,.,..  1      *^ 

••  Henry  Burd-    J<>H-l'argo. 

■  •  Wh  P.  nl.an : : :  ■  •  •^,t:"'.'?:.':''  ^^a^. 


471 
208 


irelen 

■  Swallow        4»'..A.  lf( 

•Utioa.. 
•Bello  ... 
I'xpi'ess 


4'iO. 


oughton. 


"n Tow.l.out. 


AlVvTr      Laid  up. 

Alex.  McLean \L'...„t.'  , 

B.'Rlggg- 


840.- :  A."  Tr:  shufr i^'r,"'*"'  ^p-  ^s«. 


K  Arrow     " ..D.  II«ywoo,V;:: T  w  h'\ 


>rlh  Amorleii' 
Kiutl,  America 


.Troy   ""'^'"^'a^  ••  •  <»)«.  M.  If.  Tr   .;     „" •"«-l;""t. 


purtoiia. 


56 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


Tons, 
.  891 
.  230 


BnlU.        Name. 

1841.. Columbia.  .. 
1841..Kainbow  . .'  . 
1842.. Curtis  Peck.. 

1S4<.. Empire 93G. 

J843.. Knickerbocker..,.  8f)8 

lS45..Hero 469. 

1846.  .Niagara 7.30 

184-^..  Kip  Van  Winkle..  5l0. 

Ifci'lS  .Oregon loiM). 

lsti')..I£eri(irik  Hudson  .1170. 

18-16.  Isaac  Newtun 1750. 

l?4^s.  .Aliila 700. 

1S48.  .Commodore 086. 

1850.  .Armenia 

18.'0..  Henry  Clay* 

1850.  .Keindeort 

1860..Metamora 

iA"" ' . . Francis  Skiddy  . .  .lloo" 
l^&L.New  World 1750 


'  Albany. 


Commanden).  Hetiiarki. 

.T.  P.  Newbury Runs  to  Hudson. 

•  Capt.  >  ury Delaware  River. 

. Wm.  Peek. James  River. 

•  R.  B.  Macy Broken  up. 

•  r  %,?•  Niilsou Runs  to  Albany. 

J.  ^ .  Hancox N.  York  to  Alba 

.A.  DegrDOt Tow-lni.it. 

■  D-  Haywood New  York  to  Troy. 

.Capt.  8t  John  N.  York  to  Albany 

.  Ciinis  Peck     N  York  to  Albany. 

•  J"^:  "•  ^*^^^ N.  York  to  Albany. 

•  ^ap'-  li?e Tow-boat  ' 

•  9*  ^•}'  »>■"'>»•« i^ew  York  to  Troy. 

.1.  P.  Smith N.  York  to  Albanv,  i 

C"Pt.  Tallnian Rurnt,  July  -.27,  lsi>,| 

T   o  ^,  '"■"''*™ Burnt,  !:?ept.,  1n')2. 

•  r  *,  2'*"'"''" N.  York  to  Alhfiny, 

.  Levi  Smith Now  York  to  Trov. ' 

.A.  P.  St.  John N.  York  to  AibauV. ! 


ftbmu  70"lives  mTe'ff  '^«"  "'"'  ^^°'^'^"'  '^^  ^^'^'^'^  '^'^'^'^^  «'»'"•""? 
wid'dStroyid  oj  flrf '  "'  ""''''''  ^''•^''"^'  ^"""8  "  ^  ?«"«"« ^  '^^A 


k  I-!  i. 


Copy  of  an  Advertisement  taken  from  the  Albany  Gazetul 
dated  September,  1807. 

"The  North  River  Steamboat  will  leave  Pnulctr's  IIooll 
Ferry  [now  Jersey  City]  on  Friday,  the  4th  of  September,  at!) 
in  the  mnrning,  and  arrive  at  Albany  on  Saturday,  at  9  iu  the 
ftftornoon,    Provisions,  good  berths,  and  accommodations  arJ 
provided.  ' 

"  The  charge  to  each  passenger  is  as  follo-..-s : 

To  Nowburgh dolfl.  8.    Time,  14  hour* 

"  Poughkeepsie ««      4.       «•      17    « 

••  Esopus ««      5_       ..     OQ    <4 

"  Hudson «     5j.     11     80    " 

"  Albany «      7.       a     3(3    ., 

«  For  places,  apply  to  Wm.  Vandorvoort,  No.  48  Courtknd 
Street,  on  the  corner  of  Oroonwioh  Street. 
«&!>«.  2, 1807." 


"Ml.  Fulton's  new-iOTontod  «c<„„i„<,,  „v  .  ■  . 
'  neat  Btyte  for  p„gst„„ers  „wl  !     ,'        "''  "  '"'=<'  "P  ^'■ 

fork  to  Albany  rsS"'  feft  T  '"  :""  '°  '^'^  ^•■™  «- 

rt,ch,  it  was  juigej  ^e  mo4d  ttlr?,'     "f'""'«='""'to8 
ff  »k  niiloa  an  hour."  ^''  *"  ''"'«■•  i"  "le  rale 

"ArrivecJ  at  Albany  Oct    4    at  in  «'  i    , 

ained  by  being  obliged  to L;  to  ai.^^'^  '•"•'  ^"'"^  ^«- 
aving  one  of  Zr  puddle  XL  ''    °'''^''' ^^'^^S  to  a  gale,  uzkI 

loop."  ^  *''^*°^'»^'^:^'l'y  running  foul  of  a 

I  NoTE.~It  is  'Stated  on  authoritv  of  ih.  i  .   n 
k  that  the  CI.ERMO.T,  or  ^^jf  '^  ^''^'-  ^^-  «•  I^^^"- 

N.  the  first  stoamboa    const  .^  :r;    I      r'""^  ""°^'"- 
rorinte.dence  of  Robert  FuT^      'l    ^      ^"Vf  ""^^  "^"^ 
f  feet  wide,  and  7  feet  deep     l7Zu]' '  """'  '^'  '""*  ^°"ff' 
fo  feet,  widcaeC  to  18  fee't    1    !V,     "''  '''"""^•""^^  '' 

ftt  &  Bolton,  and    /our  tl^^^^^^^^^^  '"^  ^"^^^''  V 

f  Mr.  Fulton.     The  hul    of  tl      ,  ''  '"'''''''''  ^«06. 

K  Brown,  an  elin't^,  X  XT  T":"^'  ^'^ 
['g-«t.  1807,  the  boat  w««  pv.  pdl.   bvj  '?'     ^° 

h  to  the  Jersey  «horo.  ami  on    h     i'j  d    "  '7  "?  '''^^^ 
(« started  «  her  first  trip  to  Alban^  ''^"'  '"""^^'"« 

^L^®*-  For  a  List  of  Sfea-"""-  '     -^ 

h^nplain.  and  River  St  r«»,"  ""'"  "''  '"''*'"''  ^'•'*'' ""tario. 


I  'A 


58 


NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY,  TROY,  ETC. 


THE    CLICRMONT. 

friend,  i»"P™ 'If  'i''  ^""°"  '""'  i"'"".!  many  of  1 3 

mr  ».t    "i       ^  J    .    •  "'^'•o  «ilcnco(    for  a  moment  bv  »  lol 
—  i- ■  -  •  rr-^-'-        "J' ^^"'^rrnco  lu  tiiO  eiigiHvin| 


uiB  wntcia  hung  on  the  sliaft  without  any  outward  timruut    Tlu 
I-  now  supphod  by  what  are  called  the  wLeJ-g^^^^^^^^^  3 


mu  TO  sAUTOGAmms^KE  omm,  etc. 

»U»«o  of  Saratoga  SpriZtot/^'™"'''  '»™-'"-g  a.  the 

'ittthoi(r,Mw/at,  and  f„/,        „"'"''"'■<""'.  connecting 

miles  aw™  Wat  Jm    fri  ff     "'"'"'  °'  *°  ""•'"'" 
irther  dislanco  of  20  mi  oH    I        I'™"=*°S  "orlhward  . 

ii-ti„^T  BaS.™  sprtri,::",,*'"""''^^  '"'•'-"'■  «- 

.ado..c.nJingf„„i::,Xt;  ::;-"^"«-''' ''."a;.- 
Stance  of  7  miles.  S-iratoga  Springs,  a  farther 

Tlio  above  railroads  aflFord  the  trav^T^r  „    i,  • 
.terosting  routes.     There  bein,  itt  e  dt  ''  "'"'''^ 

■"«o.  it  i.  won  for  the  toux    t  to  !    .  '  "'  *^'"*^  ^'  ^^■ 

;:-^'-.  thus  chaugin^^e  LX'^  '^'  ^^^^  -^  -"- 

MJ  leave  the  valley  ff  ?.,.  ,,  ?''°''""'  "■"*  S""'"*"  R«il- 

Uallsto.v  Spa,  the  co-mtT  seat  fnr  «    \ 
i^  -I  ^'ome.hat  celebrated^rri  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  'X''  "  ^" 

va.'ley  near  the  Kayaderosseras  (  .!fT  -,  '''*"^*'''  ^» 
'^^-f  Albany,  and  /mile~o%  '!'  "f '•  "'''  "'  *'^« 
-J  -ute.  It  .,«  incorporation  ig7:T"'-''  '"  "*^^' 
^"^  2,000  inhabitants-  arnn,.;.  '    ^"^  "^'^   "^^ 

Ian.  one  Episcopal  Tno  Ban  J'  ""'  •^'"''  "'^'  ^''-byto. 

ly  sitll  1      '•'  *°  '''  "^"^^  P^P"''^^  boarding.houso 
ly  mtuatod  near  the  center  of  the  village. 


i 


fcligli 


60 


SARATOGA    8PR1KUS. 


The  oldest  and  still  the  most  esteemed  mineral  fouxitrdx}  ig 
known  as  the  "Public  vVell,'"  on  t^o  an  w<:i.t  of  the  00^7 t.^r  of 
the  village.  It  is  said  to  huve  been  :1rst  discovered  by  the 
whites  in  1709,  during  the  survey  nml  partition  of  the  Kayu- 
derosseras  Pa,;cnt.  It  issues  from  a  bed  of  stiff  blue  cJay  aad 
gravel.  Ee.<idea  the  above  there  aro  several  other  P^.ring.j  of 
less  note,  posse.s^Ing  medicinal  prop,,  rtiey  of  a  simiior  cLarircter 
Tl;,!  A'-etv  Spring,  also  on  the  flat,  is  of  similar  i.iopevcies,  and 
8vi<;!L.iitly  belongs  to  the  snmo  class  with  those  of  Saratoga 
3piings,  n.iw  so  justly  celebrated. 

Wirhiu  a  few  miles  of  Ballston  Spa  are  situated  two  or  three 
.•a!«£s  the  largest  of  which  are  Ballston,  or  Long  Lake,  on 
Jie  so.ith,  and  Saratoga  Lake  on  the  east;  the  latter  abounds 
with  iish  of  different  kinds. 

The  village  of  Saratoga  Springs  -38  miles  north  of  Albany 
and  40  miles  south  of  Whiteliall,  by  railroad  route,  is  pleasantly 
situated  oa  a  plain,  surrounded  in  part  by  a  beautiful  grove  j 
of  pine  trees.     This  is  the  most  noted  watering-place  in  tho 
Union,  or  on  the  continent  of  America  ;  the  mineral  springs, 
possessing  great  medicinal  properties,  vary  somewhat  iu  thc*r 
analyses,  although  all  lying  in  a  valley  contiguous  to  cacii 
other  within  one  mile.    The  village  is  built  chielly  on  one  broad 
ntrcot,  iutersccted  by  cross  streets ;  and  the  numerous  large  j 
hotels  and  boarding-houses  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors 
gi^o  it  a  lively  and  imposing  appearance,  particularly  when  1 
thronged  with  fashionable  company,  as  it  usually  is  during  the 
summer  months. 

Tlie  principiil  hotels  are  the  United'  States  Hotel,  Union  Hall, 
Congress  Hall,  Columbian  Hotel,  American  Hotel,  and  Marvin 
House,  all  being  eituatoil  on  the  mniu  street  or  avenue  runnins; , 
north  and  south.     Other  hotels  and    v  >ate  boarding-hou--rs , 
are  to  be  foimd  in  every  direction.     1  am  abo  several  pub- 

iio  '^  ithing-houHca  near  the   '=''-rfn.       .vh/.»..  ,„vM   „^,i 

wr       ind  shower  baths  can  at  ■  1  bo  obtained. 

'iuc  railroads  afford  a  specv...     oiumuniontiou  between  t 
Springs  and  the  cities  of  Albany,  f  i.  wmtadj,  and  Troy  on  tlwl 


L'Uliar  Rtriiio  i.t1. 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS. 


61 


outh  while  ih.  Saratoga  and  Whitehall  RaUroad  affords  a 
Lrect  and  speedy  route  to  Whitehall,  Lake  George,  and  Lake 
phamplain  on  the  north. 

^  Saratoga  Mrr^EKAi.  SPHr^Gs.-These  are  so  well  known  to 
ourms  and  so  thoroughly  described  in  our  guides  for  travel- 

Irs  tha  It  IS  almost  a  work  of  supererogation  to  repeat  what  is 
aid  of  il..r..    They  are,  without  doubt,  the  most  remarkable 

Ihalybeates  jn  the  world ;  grateful  and  refreshing  to  the  palate, 
adremed-altomvalids  beyond  all  others.    In  Germany  alone 

Jave  they  any  rivals.  ^ 

They  become  every  year  the  resort  of  the  most  wealthv,  edu- 
ated,  and  refined  Americans  and  foreigners;   and,  „;fortu. 

lately,  as  a  consequence,  attract  also  those  chevaliers  who  prey 

Ipon  society,  wherever  it  is  accessible,  lavish  in  its  expend!- 

lire,  and  free  in  its  amusements. 
The  accommodations  at  Saratoga  are  very  extensive  and  very 

legant     Thousands  of  people  are  entertained  at  the  same 

pe,  without  inconvenience. 
The  drives  in  the  vicinity  are  beautiful,  extending  on  the 

\&i  to  Saratoga  Lake  and  the  Hudson  River. 

The  following  History  and  Jinalyses  of  the  principal  springs 
^e  mostly  copied  from  ^'Allen's  Analyses  of  the  Mineral 
mintains  at  Saratoga  Springs." 
«'HiGH  Rock  SPRmo.-This  spring  was,  beyond  a  question, 
to  primeval  fountain,  and  the  one  mainly  used  by  the  abori- 
ines.    The  other  springs,  if  they  existed  during  the  oarly 
Ivago  settlements  about  them,  would  have  been  hu  pure,  have 
Name.1  more  fresh  water,  have  been  more  incorporated  with 
e  Tcgetablo  mold  and  decaying  foliage  of  the  forest  than 
p>8;  for  It  ,s  80  admirably  secured  by  Nature  against  every 
Mng  foreign  to  it.    Thi.s  fountain  receives  its  name  from  the 

>  — /I    n.--...  ^^KCUliar  atrtna  -nrl.i/.T.  :«»1 2j.^  .. 

tilxl    nai"-|^|  "--^t  i"i:iUo;;.-3  lis  moUtU. 

i  "To  this  fountain  the  Indian  resorted  for  relief,  when  labor- 
Pg  under  disease.  Hero  he  brought  his  sick  friends,  and  bj 
pe  use  of  the  water  reUevod  thorn  from  disease. 

6 


62  SARATOGA    SPRINGS. 

"For  many  years  after  its  introduction  to  the  white  man,  it  I 
was  the  great  source  of  health  to  the  afflicted  among  them, 
even  as  much  as  it  had  before  been  to  their  savage  neighbors; 
and  it  still  retains  its  strength  and  early  purity. 

"Perhaps  there  is  no  mineral  fountain,  either  here  or  at  I 
Ballston  Spa,  which  has  been  so  uniform  in  every  particular  aa 
this.  Nature  did  for  it  Avhat  man  from  necessity  has  been  com- 
pelled to  do  for  the  other  fountains  here,  viz.,  carefully  to  tube 
it.  And  while  the  artificial  tubes,  and  various  other  improve- 
ments which  from  time  to  time  have  been  made  about  the  other 
fountains,  have  uniformly  been  subject  to  decay,  and  were 
almost  annually  to  be  renovated,  or  the  several  springs  would 
have  been  lost,  this  spring,  having  had  Nature  for  its  architect,] 
has  needed  no  repairs. 

"It  is  an  excellent  tonic  water,  and  as  an  alterative,  to  be  I 
taken  during  the  day  in  small  quantities,  it  is  a  very  valuable 
spring ;  and  many  invalids,  every  year  since  it  was  first  visited  bj 
Sir  William  Johnson,  can  bear  testimony  to  its  remedial  powers, 
"  The  temperature  of  this  spring  was  48°,  the  surrounding 
atmosphere  at  0,  and  its  specific  gravity  1.007;  and  one  cubic  I 
gallon  of  the  water'  in  January,  18-i4,  gave  the  following  m-\ 
gredients  on  analysis : 

Chloride  of  Sodium 190. 233  gra 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia 62.100 

Carbonate  of  Lime 71.533 

Carbonate  of  Soda 18,421 

Carbonate  of  Iron 4.233 

Hydriodate  of  Soda 2.177 

Silex  and  Alumina 2.500 

Hydro-Bromate  of  Potash <« 

"  Solid  contents  in  one  cubic  gallon 861.197 

Carbonic  Acid 831.666 

Atmospheric  Air 2. 

••  Gaseous  contents  in  a  callon 333  fifift 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS.  ^3 

«  The  circumference  of  the  High  Rock  at  the  surface  of  the 
I  ground  is  twenty-five  feet. 

"  Circumference  at  the  top,  two  feet  eight  inches 

«  Diameter  of  the  opening  in  its  top,  ten  inches. 

"Distance  from  the  top  of  the  rock  to  the  water  within,  is 
two  feet  eleven  inches. 

"Height  of  the  column  of  water  within  the  reck  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground,  one  foot. 

"  Depth  of  the  fountain,  ten  feet. 

"One  hundred  grains  furnished  the  following  on  analysis : 

Carbonate  of  Lime ..  q.,„ 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia 3q' j.g  ^^*" 

Carbonate  of  Iron "  *  *     ' jgV^. 

Silex  and  Alumina  ...  ,  r  000 

10.000 

100.000 

!of'ih?rock'''^'''''°''  "''^  """^  """'"'^'"^  ^^  "^ff^-^^*  P-rta 

I  J'J'^''''T  ®"^^^«-T^^«  f«"ntain  was  first  discovered  by  a 
hunting  party,  in  the  summer  of  1792.     One  of  this  party  was 

ho  Umted  S  ates  Congress.     Gilman  had  a  brother  who  was 

d  to  H     ^'^'^^'f  «7^'^"g  t^J«  -"^l^^We  spring  has  been  award- 

0  them.    But  which  of  the  brothers  noticed  it  fi.st  can  not 

be  decided  at  the  present  tixne.  neither  is  it  important.     It  was 

";^"^««;^;ng  from  an  aperture  in  a  calcareous  rock,  which  faced 

;  the  valley.  This  little  rivulet  receives  the  surplus  water  of 
<"'  b-iratoga  mineral  springs,  and  passes  via  Owl  Pond  Sara- 
-'ga  Lake,  an.  ^  r  ,^  Creek,  to  the  Hudson  Riv.r 

i  rorattrT.".  ^^"'''^''  ''  "^«  ^P'''»g'  ^s  it  flowed  from  the 

Its'  o     r  '^'  ''*'^*^'"'  "^"^  ""'"^^^  "'^"^  t«  «PPly  Buch 

esta  of  IS  quuhtics  as  were  within  their  reach.    After  their 

examination,  they  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  a  very  ex 


"  SARATOGA   SPRlxVGS. 

te-r-^aiy  fountain,  containing  all  the  constituents  c^  thel 
other  mineral  springs  here,  and  perhaps  other  qualities  he- 
Bides ;  or  at  least  the  same  of  the  other  fountains  in  larger  orl 
diflferent  proportions;  and  in  either  case,  it  was  in  all  probabili 
ity  a  very  extr..rdi..,.;   ..untam.     And  as  they  believed  it 
possessed  more  or  less  of  every  constituent  which  enters  i.  J 
the  composition  of  the  other  mineral  fountains  here,  they  vorv 
appropriately  made  selection  of  that  name  which  it  now  bears' 
V.Z.,  Congress  Spring. 

"  The  temperature  of  the  water  of  this  spring,  as  shown  bvl 
Fahrenheit's  thermometer,  when  immersed  at  tl^e  bottom  of  the 
well,  IS  oO  degrees,  and  it  does  not  appear  to  suffer  any  sensible 
variation  either  dm-ing  the  summer  or  winter  months 

"  The  specific  gravity  of  the  water  at  the  temperature  of  60i 
deg.,  the  barometr.  ranging  at  29.5  inche  is  1009.7,  pure 
water  being  one  thousand.  Excessively  wet.  or  long  seasons  of 
dry  weather,  seem  to  produce  a  slight  variation  from  this  ve- 
suit;  but  repeated  experiments,  made  at  different  periods,  and 
under  various  circumstances  of  season,  etc.,  for  the  space  of 
more  than  twenty  years,  have  in  no  instance  pi  ..luced  a  devia- 
tion  of  more  than  the  0.5  of  a  grain." 

One  gallon  or  231  cubic  inches,  of  the  water  of  the  Centre. 
Sr  ■  'ng  coMtuns  the    .Ilowing  substances,  viz  • 

Ohloriae  of  Sodium oc-  nan 

TT    ,  .   , obo.OOO  errs 

Hydriodate  of  Soda  ....  o  rnn 

T>         ,  o.oOO 

!    rbonate  of  foda " g  gg„ 

BI  carbonate  of  Magnesia . .    "    "     95  788 

Carbonate  of  Limo    '.'....'..''    98  098 

Carbonate  of  Iron  r  \.-r 

Silex....  ^-^'^ 

TT   ,      ,     1.600 

Hydro-bror       ,  „       ,tash,  a  trace .qOO 

^  Solid  contents  in  a  gallon JJ?!^.™ 

uarDonio  Acid  Gas U  ° 

Atmospheric  Air - 

Gaseous  contents  in  a  gallon    "^  ^ubic  inches 


Chloride  ( 
Bi-carboD 
Bi-carbon 
Bi-carbon 
'fydriodal 
iJ.i-carbon 

Soil    oo: 
Spe 

The  following 
of  d»rmilturt 
have  been  fully 

•'  The  most  j 
the  presence  oJ 
detect  it  in  one 
free  from  iron, 
four  hours,  pro 
salt,  when  evaj 

—  r'-'"o»  '■^ " 
ofF  latoga.  II 
pungency  and  1 
ago. 


iuents  of  thei 
qualities  le 
in  larger  or 
all  probabil. 
y  believed  itj 
I  enters  intoj 
•e,  they  vervi 
t  now  bears, 


5  seasons  of  | 
'om  this  re- 
)eriods,  andj 
le  space  of  j 
!ed  a  devia- 

le  Conjrress 

B5.000  grs 

3.600 

8.982 

>o.788 

»8.098 

6.075 

1.600 

.000 


7.943  crn 

■ o'- 


saraioga  springs.  ^5 

The  Empire  Sprung,  situated  in  the  north  part  of  the  vU- 

;  age,  a  few  rods  above  the  High  Rock  Spring,  and  near  the 

lodme  Springs,  is  a  new  and  highly  valuable  fountain,  possess- 

ing  all  the  curative  qualities  of  these  most  celebrated  mineral 

waters.  •  ' 

The  grounds  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Empire  Spring  are  bus- 
ceptible  of  great  improvement,  which  is  about  being  :tfected  by 
as^Lberal  and  enterprising  proprietors,  Messrs.  G.  W.  W^srol 

It  was  analyzed  by  Prof.  E.  i.auuons  in  1846,  and  found  to 
,   be  highly  medicinal  in  its  properties 

^^  as  Mowsf '"  ''  ''°  ''"'^"  ''^*"'  ''  ^^°^-  ^   ^---B>  - 

Chlo.ideofSodiuna 269.696  gr«. 

Bi-carbonate  of  Lime ...  i  ^  i  oo. 

B,        .      „                   141. oz4 

i-carbonate  of  Magnesia 41  984 

Bi-carhonate  of  Soda on'o.o 

lydriodate  of  Soda  or  Iodine 13  000 

i^i-carbonate  of  Iron,  a  trace ".000 

Soi.      ontcnts  in  a  gallon ^852 

Speciiic  gravity j  qoq 

The  following  remarks  are  copied  from  the  Jlmerican  Journal 
of  .hncnlture  and  Science,  and  ih^  facts  as  stated  ir  I84u 
have  been  fully  corroborated  bj  observation  and  experience: 

Ihe  most  remarkable  fact  brought  out  by  this  analysis  ^g 
he  pi-esencc  of  a  largo  quantity  of  Iodine.    We  were  able  to 

ree  from  iron,  as  tincture  of  nutgalls,  after  standing  twenty. 
oju.  hours,  produced  merely  a  green  tinge  or  color,  and  the 
salt,  when  evaporated,  is  white,  or  slightly  vcllowish  white 
..p  jHj;, ..  .,  ,jx35  10  ua,  18  quite  an  accession  to  the  waters 

pun.l !  ^^''  ,  V  V  "  "^™«^^"'''y  ^^^^'-^^  saline  taste,  with  a 
pungency  and  liveliness  which  makes  it  agreeable  as  a  borer, 
ttge. 


^^  8ARAT0GA    SPRINGS. 

Pavilion  FouNXAm.-Tliis  truly  beautiful  fountain  is  situ- 
ate  m  the  rear  of  the  Columbian  Hotel,  and  a  few  rods  south- 1 
ea.   of  the  Flat  Kock  Spring.    It  was  long  since  discovered,  and 
experiments  made  upon  the  water  by  the  late  Dr.  J.  H  Steed 
Its  remoteness,  however,  from  the  bank  which  gave  egress  t^, 
the  other  mmeral  fountains  in  the  valley,  places  it  in  the  midst 
Of  a  deep  morass,  where  it  makes  its  appearance  through  an 
alluvial  deposit  of  some  forty  feet  in  depth. 

•  '^^^ZT'  ^^'  ^'''^  "^""'^  "'^^'  ^^^'^  ^*  ^o°^«  a^d  abroad. 

since  1840.    The  free  acid  of  the  spring  is  most  abundant,  and 

passes  off  m  great  quantities  from  the  mouth  of  the  fountain 

Its  water  IS  not  so  heavy  as  that  of  the  Congress  Spring;  but 

the  hberal  quantities  of  free  gas  which  is  present  impart  to  it 

When  drank,  a  very  smart,  pungent  taste,  and  induce  many  to 

thmk  It  the  strongest  water  of  the  valley.     They  form  their 

opinion  from  the  effects  it  produces  on  the  palate  while  drinkin^ 

xt.    This  smart,  pungent,  and  grateful  taste,  which  is  so  char! 

acteristic  of  all  our  mineral  waters  here,  would  be  enhanced 

by  drinking  them  from  metallic  cups,  instead  of  the  glass  turn- 

biers  so  generally  used.     The  reason  is  obvious  to  those  who 

have  studied  the  principles  of  galvanism. 

Analysis  of  the  Pavilion  Fountain. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 99r  r« 

„    .  z.ib.00  grs. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia 62  50 

Carbonate  of  Lime. . .  rn  o^ 

r,    ,  00.24 

Carbonate  of  Soda ^  -q 

Oxide  of  Iron * „'  ^ 

Iodine  of  Sodium  ^ 

Bromide  of  Potassium  ) 2.75 

^f* ■ 62 

Alumina 

.2o 

Om    mi 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas,  cubic  inches ....  480.01  i 
Atmospheric  air 8  09  3   ^^^'^^ 


'■e  egress  to 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS.  §7 

Pax^AM-s  Co^GHKss.-Tys  fountain  is  situated  midway  be- 
tween  Broadway  and  Putn.n,  Street.,  and  nearly  opposite  the 
Umted  States  Hotel.  It  was  discovered  a  long  time  since  by 
Mr  Lewis  Putnam,  who,  in  1835,  excavated,  tubed,  and  care- 
fully  secured  it  from  the  fresh  water,  and  all  other  foreign  sub- 
stances  about  it. 

It  is  justly  a  popular  fountain,  and  is  much  used  by  both 
citizens  and  strangers,  many  of  whom  are  particularly  attached 
to  It,  and  use  it  instead  of  the  Congress,  for  cathartic  purposes 
with  good  success. 

The  water  has  been  vended  in  considerable  quantities  everv 
year  since  it  has  been  in  complete  operation 

In  connection  with  the  spring  is  a  bathing  establishment, 
second  to  no  other  in  the  place  for  commodious  baths,  large 
rooms,  and  proper  attendants.  This,  as  well  as  the  spring,  is 
owned  by  Messrs.  Putnam  &  Son,  and  always  subject  to  their 
personal  superintendence. 

Temperature  of  this  spring,  48°. 

Analysis. 

One  gaUon  of  the  water  furnished  the  following  constituents, 
on  analysis : 

Chloride  of  Sodium oon  nnn 

Carbonate  of  Soda 15  431 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia 45  goO 

t'exbonate  of  Lime  . .  -a  ,.00 

.,  ■         .      „  /  0.433 

Carbonate  of  Iron -  003 

Hydriodate  of  Soda 2  5OO 

Bromide  of  Potash *  ^  | " ''^, 

Silex  and  Alumina  . .  ,  c.^ 

l.oOO 

Solid  contents  in  one  gallon ^62697 

Carbonic  Acid 3^7^33 

Atmospheric  Air g  ^^g^ 

Gaseous  contents  in  a  gallon 320833 


69  8AKAT0GA    SPRINGS. 

Iodine  Spring. -This  fountain  is  situated  in  the  northeast 
part  of  the  village,  a  few  rods  north  and  east  of  the  High  Rock. 
Large  quantities  of  this  water  have  been  sold  in  th^city  of 
New  York,  and  in  various  towns  on  the  sea-board,  as  well  as 
the  interior;  and  some  of  it  has  been  shipped  to  the  Eastern 
Continent.  Though  comparatively  a  light  water,  it  appears  to 
be  well  adapted  to  bottling. 

When  taken  in  reasonable  quantities,  and  subject  to  proper 
restrictions,  it  sits  well  on  the  stomach,  without  producing 
headache,  as  is  the  casn  with  some  of  the  other  waters.  It  is 
much  drank  for  a  morning  water  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  vil- 
lage  living  in  its  vicinity;  and  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  much 
more  general  use,  were  it  more  accessible  to  the  principal  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  of  the  village. 

Analysis  of  the  Walton,  or  Iodine  Spritig. 

Muriate  of  Soda 187  irr3 

Carbonate  of  Lime oy 

Carbonate  of  Iron I 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia  . , 75 

Carbonate  of  Soda 0 

Hydriodate  of  Soda,  or  lodino 4 

Carbonic  Acid  Gas 8G0  cubic  inches 

Atmospheric  Air 4—304 

The  freedom  of  this  water  from  iron  is  truly  rmmrklible 
and,  ns  Prof  Emmons,  the  State  Geologist,  remarks,  -supplio,' 
a  desideratum  which  has  been  wonting,  viz  ,  a  water  whicli 
may  bo  drank  by  a  certain  class  of  invalids  with  whom  iron 
proves  an  injury."  He  also  remarks  that  •'  this  water  conta>a, 
more  iodine  than  any  other  spring,  which  adapts  it  to  many  of 
the  forms  of  ,crofuln,  goiter,  'Ac,  for  which  it  mav  bo  froolv 
unmk,  Without  inducing  dol.ility.  It  ,h  likewise  peHcctly  ftvo 
from  sediment.  an<l  is  as  pure  after  being  bottled  os  the  in,«l 
nellucld  fresh-water  spring  " 


8AHAT0GA    SPRINGS. 


69 


Ten  Springs.— About  a  mile  from  the  High  Rock  Spring,  in 
an  eastern  direction,  are  situated  the  Ten  Springs,  so  called 
from  the  circumstance  of  there  being  that  numbor  located  near 
,  together.  They  never  have  acquired  much  celebrity,  and  it  is 
probable,  from  their  proximity  to  others  so  distinguished,  that 
they  will  never  rise  into  much  consequence. 

White  Sulphur  Spring.— This  spring  is  situated  on  the 
east  side  of  Saratoga  Lake,  about  half  a  mile  south  of  Snake 
Hili.    Its  location  is  in  a  beautiful  ravine,  in  the  middle  of 
which  runs  a  fine  little  stream  of  fresh  water,  and  a  few  rods 
east  of  the  fountain  it  falls  into  the  lake.    As  the  ravine  ap- 
proximates the  shore  of  tlie  lake  it  widens  a  little,  and  the  south 
bank  particularly  rises  very  abruptly  to  the  height  of  some  85 
ov  40  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  brook. 
\     Within  some  twenty  rods  of  the  lake  shore  a  deep  niche  is 
formed  in  the  south  bank,  somewhat  in  the  form  of  a  horse- 
i'hoe.    Tlio  bank  here  is  alracat  perpendicular  with  its  base  but 
■X  little  elevated  above  the  brook,  wliich  is  within  a  few  feet  of 
the  main  bank  of  the  ravine.     At  the  base  of  this  high  bank. 
nd  at  the  center  of  the  horse-shoe,  passes  out  this  sulphur 
^prm,%  and  its  course  to  the  brook  is  marked  by  the  white  sul- 
phur which  is  deposited. 

The  temperature  of  this  spring  is  18^  barometer  at  30°,  and 
the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  at  zero. 

Its  specific  gravity  is  lOOO.o. 

Sulphureted  Hydrogen q  g 

Atmospheric  Air ^  q 

Silex  and  Alumina,  three  grains  to  the  gallon. 
Tlio  QuAKK.1  Springs,  situated  about  10  miles  in  a  southeast 
Oircction  f-om  Saratoga  Springs,  in  the  town  of  Saratoga,  are 
of  801110  .'( lobrity.  They  contain  lime,  mague^ia,  and  iron,  hftid 
u»  solution  by  carbonic  acid,  and,  like  the  otliers  in  the  county [ 
fbo,'  likewise  contain  a  portion  of  common  salt  and  8o<ia. 

The  other  springs  of  loss  note  nro  the  ''/at  liock,  JlamilUm, 
Columbian,  and  ]i'a$hingtun  Spring, 


^•;:i 


70 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS. 


On  leaving  Saratoga  Springs  for  Whitehall,  40  miles,  or  Lake 
George,  29  miles,  the  northern  route  is  continued  by  the  Sara! 
toga  and  Whitehall  Railroad.     If  the  traveler  is  destined  fori 
Lake  George,  the  car-^  are  left  at  Mvreau  Station,  15  rnilesl 
above  Saratoga  Springs,  where  stages  will  be  found  in  readi-f 
noss  to  transport  passengers  over  a  good  plank  ro.id  to  Glfn\ 
Falls,  6  miles,  and  from  thence  to  Caldwell,  9  miles  farther 
Here  are  situated  two  large  and  popular  hotels,  affording  evevj] 
accommodation  that  may  be  desired  ;  also,  other  luxuries  that! 
money  alone  can  not  purchase,  viz.,  good  mountain  air,  pure, 
vrholosome  water,  and  delicious  fish  of  different  kinds,  such  as 
ouglit  to  satisfy  any  "gourmand  or  faster"  who  has  long  beeJ 
waiting  to  enjoy  the  luxury  of  partaking  of  the  finely- flavored 
trout  of  Lake  Horicon  or  its  tributaries. 

Passengers  bound  for  Whitehall.  Rutland,  Burlington,  Platts-, 
burgli,  or  Montreal,  proceed  north  from  Moreau  Station  or  Fort 
Edward,  situated  on  the  Hudson  River,  direct  to  the  former 
place.  At  Whitehall  the  railroad  route  diverges  east  toward 
Rutland  and  Boston,  while  steamers  of  a  largo  class  run  twice 
daily  on   Lake  Chaniplain,  leaving   Whitehall  morning  audi 


evening. 


For  a  further  description  of  Lake  Ooorge,  etc.,  see  "  Tri{\ 
Through  the  Lakes, 


i*\rA\iwSint 


W     i 


lEOUTES  FROM 

The  first  lia 

[navigable  watei 

land  Schenecfa 

lA'cw  Fork  Cen 

I  railroads  in  thi: 

11826.    It  cxtcE 

jpasses  over  a  tr 

jtance  with  a  thi 

The  Scheneci 

[centlj  been  put 

Ithecity  of  Sche 

I  making,  with  tli 

I  tlio  tide  waters 

Tliis  road  from 

with  the  Mohaw 

j  beauty  of  its  sec 

\Xew  York  Cenl 

The  City  of  ! 

|han(isomcly  situ? 

I  true  comraoncon 

I  This  is  an  anoien 

by  the  Dutch,  mi 

dffollJuggof  theii 

JMibits.    Thiapla 

I  J^c,  signifying  j„ 

juuriHg  the  old  ] 

tftlfca  by  surprise 

I  h'  ttie  Indiaas  •,  « 

oreJ,  and  other*  c 


'""'^^m 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


|eOUTE3  from  ALBANY  AND  TROT  TO  BUFFALO,  NIAQARi 

FALLS,  ETC. 

The  first  link  of  the  great  chain  of  railroads  connecting  tht 
Inavigable  waters  of  the  Hudson  with  Lake  Erie  is  the  Albany 
\and  Schenectady  Railroad,  now  forming  a  part  of  the  great 
iJTm.  York  Central  Railroad.  It  was  one  of  the  first  constructed 
railroads  in  this  State,  the  company  having  been  chartered  in 
11826.  It  extends  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  17  miles,  and 
Ipasses  over  a  tract  of  sandy  land,  covered  nearly  tLo  whole  dis- 
jtance  with  a  thick  growth  of  stunted  pines. 

The  Schenectady  and  Troy  Railroad,  which  has  more  re- 
cently  been  put  in  operation,  extends  from  the  city  of  Troy  to 
the  city  of  Schenectady,  on  a  lino  of  20  miles  in  length,  and 
making,  with  the  other  road,  two  lines  of  travel  diverging  from 
the  tide  waters  of  the  Hudson,  in  addition  to  the  Erie  Canat. 
This  road  from  Troy  incline,  to  the  north,  running  parallel 
with  the  Mohawk  Iliver,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  variety  and 
beauty  of  its  scenery.  This  road  also  now  forms  a  part  of  the 
l^fw  lurk  Central  Railroad. 

Tbo  City  of  ScnE:.ECTADY,  IG  miles  west  of  Albany,  ia 

handsomely  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Mohawk,  at  the 

tni.  commencomeni  of  the  celebrated  valley  of  that  river 

'■-MS  an  ancient  place,  having  been  settled  as  early  as  1020. 

I   V  the  Dutch,  many  of  whose  living  descendants  reside  in  the 

,  I  "'olmgs  of  their  ancestors,  and  retain  many  of  their  primitive 

P  ■"^'tH.    This  place  was  calUvJ  by  tho  Indians  Hrkagh-nactua^ 

p^'.-.  figmfying,  in  their  kuiraage^  '^  beyond  th?  pine  --'5i'-#  " 

ji"iriag  the  old  French  anU  Indian  wa'rs,  KebTo,  IfiRoTt  wm 

taken  X.J  surprise  in  the  dead  of  night.  ,va«  «ackcd  and  burned 

\i        r\r '  ""  ^'""'^  ""'"^•'"'"  "^  "'  i«habitanUi  were  ma«8*. 
pre-i,  and  other,  carried  away  into  c.tptivity     It  ^^.^  clmrl«»erl 


:>  !;,:l 


72 


WESTERN-    TOUR. 


I 

as  a  city  in  1798,  and  in  1855  contained  8,389  inhabitants  i 
Few  inland  towns  present  a  more  thronged  thoroughfare  than 
fecnenectady.     In  addition  to  the  Erie  Canal,  which  p.s.eJ 
through  the  center  of  the  city,  here  diverge  three  important 
railroadg.    Besides  those  already  mentioned,  there  is  the  Sara 
toga  and  Schenectady  Railroad,  luiining  to  Ballston  Spa  an.i 
to  Saratoga  Springs,  21;,  miles. 

The  public  buildings,  dwellings,  and  stores  in  Schenectady  I 
present  a  plain  appearance,  perfectly  in  keeping  with  the  gene' 
ral  character  of  the  place.     There  are  several  well  kept  hotel, 
affording  every  desirable  accommudat'on  for  the  traveler  if  in-'  j 
chned  to  tarry  for  business  or  pleasure.     The  place  derives  its  I 
moat  extended  celebrity  from  being  the  seat  of  Union  Co/h-c,  ' 
situated  on  the  elevated  ground  about  half  a  mile  east  of  t'he ' 
compact  part  of  the  city.     This  institution  was  incorporated  in 
lido,  and  derived  its  name  from  the  fact  that  its  founders  were 
members  of  diflferent  denominations,  and  proflfored  its  advan- 
tagM  indiscriminately  to  the  followers  of  every  faith      The 
buildings  consist  of  one  stone  and  Uvo  brick  edifices,  containing 
accommodations  for  the  president  and  professors  and  their 
faimlzes;  two  chapels,  lecture  and  library  rooms,  four  halls  for 
the  meeting  of  literary  societies,  and  dor,),itories  for  students 
ot  whom  there  are  usually  from  200  to  JJOO.  from  every  section 
of  the  country.    Attached  to  the  institution  are  about  2.)0 
acres  of  laiid,  appropriated  in  part  to  groves  for  recreation  ni,.l 
health.     These  are  distinguished  for  beauty  of  foature  and  situ- 
ation,  and  present  great  capability  for  improvement.     The  an- 
nual  commencement  takes  place  on  the  fourth  Wednesday  of 
July,  after  which  there  is  a  vacation  of  six  weeks 

On  leaving  Schenectady  for  Saratoga  Springs  and  for  Utica. 
therauroad  tracks  cross  the  Erie  Can-il  and  Mohawk  Kiver  by 
substantial  bridges.  If  bouod  for  the  Spric.g«,  you  proeee.1 
northward  thr.,«gh  n„  interacting  region,  p^si^g  on  the  way 
•^-^7"  ^^''^^^'"^  •^Pa,  aa  old  and  celebrated  place  of  re- 
««rt  and  tbe  terminus  of  the  JRensselner  and  Saratoga  Jiail- 
r<md,  which  coaee  up  from  Troy.    If  bound  to  tHe  West,  your 


■i'  ■*:«•" 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


73 


route  is  on  the  north  .Me  of  the  Mohawk,  and  your  first  halt  is 
|at  the  village  of 

I   ;\^f  !;f  "^^^f' 1^  '^^'^  from  Schenectady,  and  connected  by 

a  toll-bndge  with  Poht  Jackho.,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 

river.    Amsterdam  contains  about  2,000  inhabitants,  and  in 

the  laimcdiate  vicinity  are  annually  quarried  large  quantities 

ht  u  fine  quality  of  limestone,  much  used  for  the  constructioB 

lot  locks  and  other  publitj  woiks. 

Stages  leave  Amsterdam  daily  for  the  Fish  IIousk,  on  the 
SaconcJaga  Iliver,  and  for  other  places  to  the  north  in  Fulton 
County.     One  or  two  miles  west  of  Amsterdam,  on  the  line  of 
tne  rauroad,  are  situated  two  of  the  old  stone  mansion,  of  the  • 
Johnson  family,  who  figured  largely  in  the  early  history  of  this   . 
Ipart  of  the  country. 

Fox„A,  a  pleasant  village  of  recent  date,  and  the  county  seat   . 
0   Mon  gomery  County,  i.  42  miles  by  railroad  from  Albany 
It  sands  on  the  north  side  of  the  xMoh.wk.  and  opposite  the   • 
[Village  of  FuLToxvn.LE,  on  the  Erie  C»nal 

in.Hh  r7';r\?T"^'r""*^  "''''  "'  ^^"'^'^  ^°""^y'  1^««  4  miles   . 
north      the  Mohawk  River,  and  45  miles  from  Albany.     This 

f'-^  an  old  and  interesting  place,  containing  about  1,700  inhabit-    • 

nats^    It  was  orighially  foumled  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  whose 

•  -^i<lcM^ce   built,  of  limestone,  is  .till  standing  about  one  mile 

•est  of  tiie  village.    A  daily  line  of  stages  runs  from  Johns- 

o^vi,  to  I'onda,  connecting  with  the  cars  on  tha  Nf.w  York  Cen. 

|trnl  Rtiilroad. 

^PUAKEH's  Basin,  on  tho  line  of  ihe  Erie  Canal,  is  33  mileB  - 
-"I  -S'henectady.     Here  is  located  a  thriving  settlement,  con-      * 
ra.nmg  a  cliurch  and  some  30  or  40  dwellings. 

i'A,.AT,.N,c  BRinoE,  61  miles  from  Albany,  connects  with  the 
I  '  i.»ge  ot  Cana^ohahik.  on  tho  south  bank  of  the  Mohawk 
p'vor.    tanHJ„hario  was  incorporated  in  1820.  and  now  con- 

IwasnbouJ-.  1  Aiifi  Jj,i.„kji 4_      m,     , 

Ll        ,       "  ^'t-^'.-ittiias.     if'w  fine  Utitmi  passes  ihrou'rh 

e  center  of  tho  village.     Stages  leave  this  place  daily.  dur4 
the^summe.  Hoason.  for  8haron  Sulphur  Springn  and  Coopora 


74 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


Sharon  Springs,  some  8  or  10  miles  south  of  Canajoharie, 
amd  45  miles  west  of  Albany,  via  the  Cherry  Valley  turnpike, 
being  55  miles  by  railroad,  via  Palatine  Bridge,  has  become  a 
place  of  great  resort  for  health  and  pleasure.  The  rides  in  the 
vicinity;  the  numerous  villages ;  extensive  views;  neighboring 
caves,  and  romantic  scenery,  together  with  the  delightful  fish- 
ing in  Otsego  Lake,  are  among  the  many  attractions  offered  to 
those  seeking  in  the  heat  of  summui'  either  health  or  pleasure. 
Herff  are  5  or  6  first  class  Hotels  for  the  accommodation  of 
visitors,  being  usually  thronged  with  guests  during  the  summer 
mcmths. 

These  healthful  fountains  possess  powerful  attractions  for  the 
seekers  of  health,  of  pure  air,  and  of  splendid  natural  scenery. 
The  springs  are  highly  medicinal,  and  exceedingly  pleasant 
and  grateful,  because  the  water  is  very  cold  when  first  taken 
from  th3  fountain.  Magnesia  is  the  prevailing  medicinal  in- 
gredient in  one  spring,  and  sulphur  in  the  other. 

The  country  around  the  Springs,  and  the  Springs  themselves, 
are  elevated  900  feet  above  the  Mohawk  River,  from  which 
they  are  distant  about  eight  miles.  The  elevation  is  achieved 
by  a  gradual  ascent  throughout  the  whole  of  this  distance.  A 
traveler  who  leaves  the  city  of  New  York  in  the  evening  boat 
for  Albany,  may  take  breakfast  in  that  city  the  next  morning, 
and  then  place  himself  in  a  railroad  car,  which  will  convey 
him  to  Schenectady,  and  up  the  romantic  valley  of  the  Mohawk, 
to  Palatine  Bridge.  There  he  takes  a  post-coach,  and,  availing 
himself  of  a  plank  road  most  of  the  way,  is  set  down  at  the 
Springs  before  1  o'clock,  p.m.  Fare  from  Albany,  $1  10  in 
car,  and  $1  iu  post-coach. 

Arrived  at  the  Springs,  he  will  find  a  number  of  houses  for 
the  temporary,  and  always  very  agreeable,  accommodation  of 
travelers  or  boarders.  The  oldest  and  most  conspicuous  of  these 
is  the  ^^  Pavilwn"  kept  by  Mr=  Gardiner^  Th.w  house  bein? 
very  largo,  will  accommodate  some  throe  hundred  persons,  and 
it  is  kept  in  a  style  of  elegance  and  luxury  unsurpassed  at  any 
Watering  place  in  the  country.     The  site  of  the  house,  ai 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


75 


piazza  in  front,  command  a  most  extensive  and  variegated 
prospect  of  the  country  for  many  miles  around  in  the  vicinity. 
The  house  next  in  importance  is  kept  by  Mr.  S.  Eldridgo,  and 
called  the  "  Eldridge  House."  It  is  nearer  to  the  Springs  than 
the  "  Pavilion,"  and  the  charges  for  board  are  more  moderate, 
although  the  house  is  extremely  well  provided. 

The  pure,  clear  waters  of  these  springs,  greatly  resembling 
those  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs  of  Virginia,  have  been 
proved  to  be  highly  ei^cacious  in  rheumatic,  cutaneous,  and 
dyspeptic  complaints,  and,  in  some  respects,  possess  medicinal 
and  healing  properties  unsurpassed,  and  believed  to  be  un- 
equaled,  in  the  United  States  or  Canada. 


Cooper ST0WN-,  although  off  from  the  great  line  of  travel, 
east  and  west,  is  well  worthy  of  a  visit.  It  is  66  miles  west  of 
the  city  of  Albany,  by  stage  route,  and  most  delightfully 
situated  on  a  plain  at  the  outlet  of  Otsego  Lake,  this  being  the 
chief  source  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  No  iiiland  village  in 
the  Union  probably  excels  Cooperstown  in  elegance  of  situation 
and  beauty  of  surrounding  scenery.  Otsego  Lake,  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  is  a  most  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  abound- 
ing in  trout  and  bass,  celebrated  for  their  peculiar  flavor. 

Richfield  Springs,  69  miles  from  Albany,  is  situated  near 
the  head  of  Canaderaga  Lake.  There  are  also  three  or  four 
well-kept  hotels  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors. 

Richfield  Sulphvr  Springs  are  some  1,800  feet  above  tide 
water,  in  a  valley  south  of  the  Mohawk,  amidst  surrounding 
mountains,  about  70  miles  west  of  Albany,  it>  south  of  Her- 
kimer, in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  beautiful  lakes  of 
Otaego  and  Schuyler ;  in  fact,  tlicre  are  five  lakes,  abounding 
with  fish,  within  one  hour's  ride  of  the  American  Hotel,  kept 
by  Wm.  P.  Joimson. 

Visitors  will  always  find  private  (.or*-  ancea  at  llcvkiraer 
Station,  on  the  lino  of  the  N.  Y.  Centr;  luilroad,  or  they  caa 
avail  themselves  of  the  daily  stages  whicn  convey  the  mail  to 


76 


■WESTERN    ToUK. 


■     I 

w 


Richfield  Springs,  so  that  parties  visiting  the  Springs  can  leave 
the  city  of  New  York  in  the  evening  boats,  and  reach  the 
Springs  on  the  afternoon  of  the  next  day,  and  those  leaving  it 
by  morning  cars  reach  it  on  the  same  day. 


Fort  Pi.ain,  57  miles  from  Albany  by  railroad  route,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Mohawk  River,  is  situated  on  the  Ime  of 
the  Erie  Canal.  It  was  incorporated  in  1834,  and  now  con- 
tains about  1,500  inhabitants.  A  daily  line  of  stages  runs  from 
this  place  to  Cherry  Valley,  Cooperstown,  and  Sharon  Sprin..s 
in  Schoharie  County.  ° 

SAmx  JoHNsviLLE,  63  miles  from  Albany,  and  31  from 

>    ica,  IS  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  Mohawk,  on  the  line 

-t  the  New  York  Central  Railroad;    it  contains   about  300 

^habitants.    The  railroad  cars  usually  stop  here  a  sufficient 

imo  to  enable  passengers  to  obtain  refreshments. 

EAsr  Caxada  Ckeek  enters  the  Mohawk  River  3  miles  west 
of  St.  Tolmsville.  This  stream,  for  a  considerable  distance, 
forms  the  boundary  line  between  the  counties  of  Montgomery 
and  Ilerkjmer  ^        '' 

f  t'^Ti^'^'^''  "''^^"^'^  ^^'"°*^'  ^^  «^*"''^^<^d  '^  l^oth  sides 
of  the  Mohawk,  .3  miles  west  of  the  city  of  Albany.     It  was 

first  incorporated  in  1811,  and  amended  in  1827;  it  now  con- 
tarns  about  4,000  inliabitants  and  400  dwelling-houses  The 
Mohawk  Ihver  here  falls,  in  the  distance  of  half  a  mile,' about 
4.  feet,  affordmg  hydraulic  power  to  a  largo  extent,  only  a 
small  portion  of  which  is  at  present  occupied  for  manufactuL 
purposes  ° 

This  place  and  vicinify  is  justly  celebrated  'for  its  Avild  and 
romantic  scenery,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  the  admirers  of 
uaure  and  art.      The  gap  between  the  mountains,  through 

^.       ^': ""'  "fP"^--""y  worn  ivv  itself  a  passage, 

though  confined,  is  still  of  breadth  sufficient  to  afford  room  fr^ 
a  largo  town  Ti.e  rock  at  the  river  bed  is  primitive  granitic 
gnei,.5,  very  hard,  but  is  readily  quarried  and  broken  into 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


77 


bmldmg  stone.    Above  this,  on  the  mountain  sides,  lies  the 

sand  rock,  and  still  higher,  at  the  top.  are  extensive  beds  of 
I  blue  bmestone,  great  quantities  of  which  havo  ^^en  used  in 
I  constructing  the  locks,  and  for  building,  for  -   and  for 

flagging.      Through  this  gorge  passes  the  Erie  Canll.  on  the 

south  side  of  the  river,  and  the  Utica  and  Schenectady  Rail- 
I  road  and  the  Mohawk  turnpike  on  the  north.    It  is  the  gateway 

through  which  the  product  and  travel  of  the  vast  West  must  of 
necessity,  pass  to  tide  water.  An  aqueduct  crosses  the  Mohawk 
at  this  place,  communicating  with  a  feeder  on  the  north  side  of 
the  river,  and  is  a  fine  specimen  of  masonry.  A  daily  line  of 
I  stages  runs  between  Little  Falls  and  Trenton  Falls,  and  several 
•  mail  routes  north  and  south  branch  off  at  this  place. 

West  Canada  Creek  enters  the  Mohawk  River  5  miles 
west  of  Little  Falls.  Its  whole  length  is  about  60  miles  from 
Its  sources,  in  the  wilds  of  Hamilton  County.  It  is  a  romantic 
and  lovely  stream,  and  abounds  with  fine  trout.  About  20 
miles  from  it3  mouth  are  situated  Trenton  Falls,  being  on  the 
border  of  the  town  of  the  same  name  in  Oneida  County 

The  village  of  Hekkimeu,  79  miles  from  Albany,  is  hand- 
somely  situated  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk,  on  the  north  side 
11.^  rinn  -^^  """"  ^"^°^P«rated  in  1807,  and  now  contains 
about  1,200  mhabitants.  150  dwelling-houses,  a  new  brick 
court-house,  and  stone  jail,  built  on  an  improved  model,  com- 
bmmg  security  and  comfort  to  the  prisoners.  Here  is  a  flour- 
mg  mm,  containing  four  run  of  stone,  situated  on  a  kyJraulic  • 
J«««/,  which  is  fed  by  the  waters  of  the  West  Canada  Creek 

IS  about  three  miles  in  length,  and  has  two  fulls,  one  of  22  '  " 
f^et  and  another  of  15  feet,  affording  water-power  sufficient  to 
p.  pel  upward  of  100  run  of  stone,  most  of  which  is  unoccupied 

ihe  village  of  Mohawk,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the 
^'ver,  one  mile  west  of  Herkimer,  is  a  thriving  place  of  h»«,-. 
"«^,  inrough  which  passes  the  Erie  Canal 

line  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  cont.iins  about  600 


iniabitanta. 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  {MT-3) 


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Corpordtion 


33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

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78 


WESTERN   TOUR. 


The  City  of  Utica,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Mohawk  River,  is  on  the  site  of  old  Fort  Schuyhr,  95  miles 
west  of  the  city  of  Albany.  It  was  chartered  in  1832,  and  is 
now  divided  into  four  wards,  r^fd  governed  by  a  common  coun- 
cil, consisting  of  a  mayor  and  12  aldermen.  In  1855  it  con- 
tained 22,109  inhabitants,  about  2,000  dwelling-houses,  4 
Presbyterian  churches,  1  Reformed  Dutch,  2  Episcopal,  4  Bap- 
tist, 3  Methodist,  2  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  African  church, 
and  1  Friends'  meeting-house;  1  Protestant  and  1  Catholic 
orphan  asylum;  6  banking  houses  and  2  savings'  banks;  1 
mutual  insurance  company  ;  2  incorporated  academies,  one  for 
males  and  the  other  for  females;  a  museum  located  in  the 
Exchange  building;  10  hotels  and  taverns,  besides  several 
private  boarding-houses ;  2  extensive  steam  woolen  factories ; 
1  large  steam  cotton  factory,  and  1  screw  factory — all  recently 
erected. 

The  JVttt)  York  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  situated  on  some- 
what elevated  ground,  about  one  mile  west  of  the  center  of 
Utica,  is  a  noble  and  imposing  structure.  The  finished  build- 
ing can  accommodate  upward  of  GOO  patients.  This  humane 
establishment  is  calculated  for  the  reception  of  all  insane  per- 
sons in  the  State,  whoso  friends  or  county  authorities  may 
.  apply  in  their  behalf. 

In  addition  to  the  Erie  Canal,  which  passes  through  the  ccn- 
1  tor  of  the  city,  the  Chenango  Canal  commences  at  this  place, 
f  and  terminates  at  Binghamton,  in  Broome  County.  The  Black 
i  Riofr  and  Utica  Railroad  here  connects  with  the  N.  V. 
i  Central  Railroad,  forming  the  principal  link  in  the  great  chain 
ucf  railroads  which  is  completed  between  the  cities  of  Boston. 
.  Albany,  and  IJuflfalo. 

The  city  of  Utica  is  surrounded  by  one  of  the  fincsi  md 
I  richest  agricultural  and  manufacturing  districts  in  the  Union, 


nnil  Sh  a.  wnnlfliv  nnil    f1iiiiriL:iiinrv    ii1iw<u    >>f   Imuii 


•  Canal  through  the  city  has  been  widened  to  70  and  deepeneJ 
» to  7  foot,  and  presents  n  fine  appearance  from  the  several  beau- 
I  tiful  and  we''      iifliructod  bridges  which  span  its  breadth. 


WESTERN  TOUR. 


79 


Street,  of  wl„ch  U,o  following  are  the  most  noted :  B»g™-  Hotel 
or  Bleecker  Houbo,  American  Hotel,  and  Franklin  lloZ. 


I»E^To»  F,u..s,  15  miles  northeast  from  Ulica  by  railroad 
«d  stage.  s,.„ated  on  the  IVest  C»„„da  Creek,  in  the  town'f 
Trenton  are  among  .ho  most  rom,„kable  scenes  in  our  coun- 
fry.     Iho  w,ld.  seclude,!,  and  primeval  aspect  of  the  pace 

pmu  ted  iy  the  stream  i  and  the  whole  i,  so  deeply  emhosom- 
e^m  the  pr.m.tive  forest  that  n„  token  of  ,he  long  and  dl 
Eorge  through  ,vh,eh  the  waters  rush  is  visible  till  you  are  „' 
.ts  very  br.nk.  Within  a  distance  of  about  two  miles  the  "are 
no  le«  than  si.  distinct  cascades,  interchanging  wil^  apra" 
picturesque  as  the  falls  themselves.  " 

The  lirst  fall,  beginning  up  strea.n,  is  called   the  Upper 

U« «.,  and  has  a  descent  of  about  20  feet.  The  river  the! 
«.«  along  its  rocky  b«,  about  a  mile,  with  a  desl'  " 
^  distance,  of  about  20  feet  more,  ,„  the  second  f„lls,  ca  W 

\n    Ca.ea,l,,.    A  little  farther  down  you  come  to  th^  third 

.  place  the  volume  of  the  strcan,  is  separated,  by     fts  t 
tlioroek,  mto  three  distinct  cataracts,  havL  a  ^IL       , 

C ::::  t,  ""  r "°"  "■°  *'"■-  ■-" — "^ 

Oh',   „''"','"«"  T"  "»■"»  """  '••'iff"  of.  hare  rock  on 
«  a"d„  °  "",'  ""=  "'"'"■""'»  '"  "'""'  »  "!««'«*  of 

«e  to  ,n:r"''''r-  ^''""'  "•  ™"  '""■"' ""-  ^•- 

n«,rv40f   ,  r         ,  ■""■•■""•'"  «'"'.  l.«»i..g  a  ,Ie,cent  of 
ULl^l'  f'-."- foot  of  which  the  «,„„,n  ^,„„  ,,J[ 

inil.0,' J'"'*'  "ff  "'""K  «•''  '0  "'0  "iilh.or  tt.„;,„r,  Ai,,/,"  , 

•".V  b  nk^  !nd  '        1  ''""""•  """"  °"""^  ■'""'-  -"* 
I      '  "''"'"  "">'  tlirough  a  softer  kudsoapo. 


'» -r 


The  chasm, 

|iuas3  of  linio-i 

jtlie  path  whicl: 

pdoquato  ccnc( 

Jock  noar  the  i 

|.'recipi(;o,   aiil 

riiis  slielf  is  sc 

It  has  been  foui 

(jy  iron  standai 

» tie-guaid  was 

ji;iJ  been  lost  in 

ftream,  from  th 

Valh,  is  stated  i 

Trenton  Fai, 

lud  fashionable 


The  villaj^e  of 

[tuated  on  the  8( 

the  oldest  whi 

jas  long  been  ceh 

isidence,  being  s 

llligent  and  we 

t13i  and  now  c 

liom  are  engngoc 

J<'hi5kany,  7  ra 

I'"' '.  situated  on 

|e  Mohawk  River 

pling-houses,  2 

m  factory  build 

Ng  (^"ompany," 
•ihs  jitwi   „ • 

pl<'3-niont  to  abo 
''''"K".  grounds, 
Nt  $200,000. 


WESTERN    TOUR.  gj 

The  chasm,  for  the  whole  distance   ia  r»f  ih..     i 
mass  of  lin.o-rock.  which  abounds  wi      "It?"  '  ''1 
Itlie  path  which  the  tourist  must  tale  if  i,  '   '"^' 

|u1oquato  conceptions  of  the  scene  tin  '''""  ""^' 

Vk  near  the  foot  of  the  iZuZV  ^  ^  ''"'''"^  ^''^'^  «^ 

lyiron  standards  let  infn  fi    S"*"™ '^^'^h  a  chain  supported 

Trenton  Fals  Hotel,  kept  bv  Mr   Afnn.n   • 
}ua  fasluonable  resort.  ^  ''  ''  '^  ^^^^^"^  ^^  S^-^at 


y6«f«c.loryb„,,,;„l   ,,;■  ^  ""'''"  ''°'™.  4  stores,  nnd  2 

^••'3'm..nt  to  about  iVo  ^'"""''^  "^  ^««''  g'^'ng 

h^>0(tooo      '  '"'  ""''°^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ostaUi«h.cnt  o':: 


82 


WKSTERN    TOUR. 


It  was  here  that  the  battle  of  Oiiskany  vas  fought,  one  of 

the  bloodiest,  in  proportion  to  the  numbers  engagid,  during 

the  whole  war  of  our  Hevolution,  and  in  which  Gen.  Ilorklnicr, 

of  Oerman  Flats,  lost  his  life.     He  was  on  hia  way,  with  about 

800  of  the  militia  of  the  Mohawk  Valley,  to  the  relief  of  the 

garrison  at  Fort  Stanwix,  when  at  Oriskony  a  deadly  fire  was  I 

opened  on  him  and  his  corps,  by  a  body  of  British  regulars, 

tor'es,  and  Indians,  from  an  ambuscade  in  a  nirrow  raviw. 

The  Americans  were  completely  surrounded,  but  the  gnllan! 

Herkimer  and  his  brave  compatriots  maintained  the  fight  for 

near  six  hours.     Herkimer  received  his  mortal  wounds  carlj 

in  the  fight,  but  he  kept  the  field,  seated  on  his  saddle  placel 

on  a  hillock,  T%hich  gave  him  a  view  of  the  contest,  and  froii 

which  he  calmly  issu.'d  his  orders  to  the  last.     This  was  on  tiie| 

6th  of  August,  1777. 

The  vilhigo  of  Uomk,  14  miles  west  of  Utica,  is  situated  nearl 
the  head  waters  of  the  Mohawk,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Eriej 
Canal,  where  it  is  intersected  by  the  Black  Rloir  Cam\\ 
Here  commences  the  IVatntou-n  and  Home  RaHroail,  cxtcDij 
ing  to  Cape  Vincent,  97  miles.  The  village  was  incorporate 
in'^lSlO,  iiud  is  a  half-shiro  town  with  Whitcsborough  f«| 
Oneida  County;  it  containa  about  7,000  inhabitants,  500  dwellT 
ing-houses,  a  court-house  and  jail,  and  other  public  buiUinfil 
This  place  stands  on  the  site  of  old  Fort  Staniri.v,  which  ^ai| 
nn  important  militiiry  post  during  the  Revolntit.nary  anl 
French  wars  Owing  to  its  natural  ami  artificial  advantngei| 
this  village  is  fast  increasing  in  wealth  and  numbers. 

Onkida  Dr.por,  27  miles  west  of  Utica,  and  2')  from  ?yr*| 
cuse,  is  a  now  and  thriving  settlement,  where  the  train  of  p" 
scnger  cars  usually  stops  some   10  or  15   minutes.     One 
two° miles  south  of  the  dtpot  is  the  incorporated  villijic  J 
Onkida  Castlk,  near  which  resides  a  remnant  of  the  Onoir 
tribe  of  Indians,  numbering  about  800  souls. 

Wamphvillk,  3  miles  farther  west,  is  a  small  scttlcnifJl 
through  which  pisses  the  Syracuse  and  Utica  Uailroim. 
Canabtota,  32J  miles  west  of  Utica,  by  railroad,  andi 


WKSTEBN    TOUR.  gg 

tie  Erie  Canal,  was  incorporated  in  18^^,    „    i 
I  about  1,000  inhabitants.  '  '^"^  °°^  ^'^^^'^^'^ 

Chittenango,  39  miles  west  nf  TTf;„     v 

ated  one  mile  south  of  the  e1  1"    '''-"^  "''  "  "*" 
hected  by  a  side-cut     It  .If         T    '  "''^^'  ''^'''^'  '^  ^^  «o°- 

dwenin,L.s,  r;hutr  n::::  ^Csi'^^r '  ^^^ 

factory,  1  flouring  mill,  and  2  larg^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^   "^^^^'^ 

tureof  .vator-lime.  which  is  found  in  th,  "^'""^'^'■ 

jtensively  used  on  the  diff.     7     ,  '''^"'^^''  ^"^  ^^  ^x- 

ofthev:na,eofchitten:;::;r:r;;^^ 

hm  Alb,.ny.    It  was  inL        .ea  ^Z  'T'  '''  "-''' 
>bout  1,400  inhabitants  9'f:TV     r^' ^""^  now  contains 
k^liffea.ntdouomralL;f  ^^^''"^"-^""^-'^^    '^  churohea 
K.  a  thc-oIoXT  „T-;    "'^•'^^^^^'"^t^d  the  Dneida  Sem- 
enomination   fTs  /n^^^  ,^-^--^  ^^  the  Methodist 

1  CA7^-vnv      T  ''"^  ^^^'^  °«'g^l^«ring  States. 

I"  line  of    he  Erie  Can  7    t  "  »"™'"*«-»'/  »"uatea  on 
(•wcourt-hol  aM  iln  ^   .;"''"'"'»■"»■     ""o  are  loeaW  , 


I 


84 


WESTKKN    TOUU. 


principal  arc  the  Syracuse  House,  Clobe  Hotel,  St.  Charles 
Hotel,   Voorhecs    House,   and   Onondaga   Temperance  House. 
The  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  furnished  with  pure  water  byj 
the  City  Water  Woi^ks  Company. 

The  Sa/t  Springs,  in  Syracuse  and  its  immediate  vicinity. 
are  of  great  importance  to  this  place  and  surrounding  country, 
They  are  owned  by  the  State,  from  which  a  handsome  yoarljj 
revenue  is  d;:vivod.  There  are  within  the  city  alone  ten  coarscl 
and  line  salt  companies,  manufacturing  in  the  aggregate  al 
very  large  amount  of  pure  salt,  of  a  superior  quality.  Bcsidejj 
the  above  works,  there  are  a  number  of  iron  founderies  anJ[ 
other  largo  manufacturing  establlshmonts. 

The  railroad  facilities  are  also  a  very  important  feature  tol 
the  prosperity  of  Syracuse.  In  addition  to  the  JWw  Vom 
Ctnfral  Jiailroad,  passing  througli  the  center  of  the  city,  lierel 
commences  the  Si/raciise,  Bhighamton,  and  jXew  York  RaA-\ 
roail,  and  the  sSijractise  and  Osweii;o  Railroad,  the  latter j 
communicating  with  Lake  Ontario,  35  miles  distant,  iu  a| 
nortlierly  direction. 

The  traveler,  on  going  west  from  Syracuse  to  Rochester.! 
Buffalo,  or  Niagara  Falls,  has  tlie  choice  of  three  routes  orj 
modes  of  conveyance,  viz. :  by  railroad,  via  Auburn,  Geneva.! 
Cananlaigua,  etc  ,  104  miles  to  Rochester;  or  proceed  byj 
direct  route,  81  miles;  or  still  another  route,  by  proceeding!) 
Oswego.  05  miles,  by  railroad,  and  then  taking  a  steamer  fori 
Ilochester  or  Lcwiston,  and  thence  to  Niagara  Falls,  passinij 
over  Lake  Ontario. 

GuDDKS  is  an  incorporated  village,  2  miles  west  of  Syracii*! 
on  the  Eric  Cantil,  and  within  the  bounds  of  the  Ononliit'j 
Salt  Springs  Reservation.  The  most  considerable  busines^s  e| 
tlie  place  is  the  manufacture  of  salt. 

Livt-urooL   is  iiuother   village  principally  engageil  in  itt 
manufacture  of  salt.     It  stands  near  the  northeasterly  sii 
of  Onondaga  Lake,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Oswego  Canal,  aboij 
5  miles  from  Syracu.se.     It  contains  about  1 ,00()  inhabitants 
Liverpool  and  Geddes  uro  all  included  in  the  town  of  Salin 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


85 


^nd  wUhm  he  hm,ts  of  the  Onondaga  Salt  Springs  Ileserva- 
.on;  .n  though  the  original  Reservation  included  a  much 
argor  extent  of  surface  than  is  occupied  by  those  villages,  yet 
he.e  are  the  only  portions  of  it  within  vdnoh  the  n^akin:  of 
|:  t,scarr-ed  on,  the  St.te  having  sold  to  private  citizens"  the 
Jvhole  of  the  Reservation  not  included  within  those  vllla^os  a 
^.11  as  a  very  large  part  of  what  is  includod  withi^uidr 

Snlt  was  tirst  made  on  this  tract  at  Salt  Po;n%  n-^ar  the 
nar,,n  of  Onondaga  Lake,  and  within  the  bounds  of^Salina 
^-ll.g'3.    Ihe  manufacture,  in  very  trifling  qnantitios,  at  that 
knt,  was  carried  on  by  the  Indians  pricr  to  the  appoarance 

any  wh,te  man  among  them,  as  it  was  by  the  white  men 
po,  at  a  very  early  period  of  their  settlement  in  that  vic:nity 
Fheearl.est  systematic  arrangements,  so  far  as  records  show 
lor  makmg  salt   to  any  important  extent,  at  that  place,  datJ 
I    ar  back  as  1787,  when  works  were  erected  .vhiclf  pro  uccd 

Nh  th   present  extent  and  productiveness  of  the  works  on  the 
lieservation. 

n,finc  salt,  which  is  so  called  from  the  small  size  of  its 
k)'stals,  IS  produced  by  the  agency  chiefly  of  artificial  heat 
M  the  process  of  evaporation  is  carried  on  by  boiling  the 
hne  m  large  iron  kettles.     The  ......  salt  is  produced    x 

N,voly  by  evaporation  in   the  open   air.     It     «  ZlZl 
^rmod  soiar  salt,  and  the  crystals  are  largo.     This  sa     isTho 
H  --te  of  soda  known  to  commerce'    The  .. "  ■    ^i 
Nalccl  from  the  particularly  neat  and  convenient  manne-  in 
H  It  IS  prepared  and  boxed  for  use  in  ,airi.. 

folt'attv  T  ''"''  "  ""  P"P^'^^^^  «^'^"-«  «=^^'»-. 
I"  the  Leservafon,  and  the  works  are  erected  undo,,  .'rn' 
.....01  the  ground  for  specific  terms  of  years,  for  making  the 
onci  In  /  ""  ■  ""'"'"''  ''"'''''^'^  °f  th«  ^l^aract^r  of 
r=^tous,  the  Uuh/  b'Mng  substituted  for  rent. 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


85 


andwithm  the  hm.ts  of  the  Onondaga  Salt  Springs  Ilcserva- 

U;  und  though  the  on.inal  Reservation  included  a  much 

rgcr  extent  of  surface  than  is  occupied  by  these  villages,  yet 

h..e  are  the  only  portions  of  it  within  which  the  n^akin^  of 

kvholo  of  the  .leservation  not  included  within  Iheso  villa-^ns  a 
^1^  a  very  large  part  of  what  is  ineludod  withi.r^heir 

Salt  was  first  made  on  this  tract  at  Salt  Poin^  n-^ar  the 
K,n  of  Onondaga  Lake,  and  within  the  bounds  o/salina 
M.  g'3.  Ihe  manufacture,  in  very  trifling  quantities,  at  that 
kut,  was  earned  on  by  the  Indians  prior  to  the  appearance 
any  wh.te  man  among  them,  as  it  was  by  the  white  men 
^0,  .t  a  very  early  period  of  their  settlement  in  that  victnity 
riieearl.est  systematic  arrangements,  so  far  as  records  show 
or  maumg  salt   to  any  important  extent,  at  that  place,  date 

L  t  1     '"^r V""'  in.signiticant  quantity  when  compared 

n.Ji„e  salt  which  is  so  called  from  the  small  size  of  its 
nd  t      process  of  evaporation  is  carried  on  by  boiling  th 

t L'  T"1T  "   ""   "P^°   "'^-     '^   ^«  --times 

to.  .  ^""•'"  ^^  ^"""^^"'^•°-     '^^-  ''"-V  salt  i3 

Ll2       "'"'"  the  particularly  neat  and  convenient  manner  in 
H;^^^h  U  ,.  prepared  and  boxed  for  use  in  dairies 
_  The  State  of  New  York,  as  the  proprietor  of  U.e.e  salines 
|c  ^vosauuty  of  one  cent  a  bushel  on  all  the  salt  in^p.  t   ,' 
f.  Innervation   and  the  works  are  erected  under  .I't te 

I"  Ji      '  T"     "  ■^'"'■'"  ''''^'  ''  >'«'^"'  ^-  --king  the 
ndi  i      1  '"  "'  ^'"""■^"^'  ^"^^'^■^"*  °^  "^«  ol'aracter  of 

:^::^^'''!^^^^^  *-  —  saU;  but  both  ar 


! 


&'v 


86 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


FROM  SYMCUSE  TO  IIOCIIESTER  AXD  BUFFALO. 

Camillits,  8  miles  west  of  Syracuse,  is  situated  on  the  line  i 
cf  the  Now  York  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  about  GOO  I 
inhabitants. 

The  village  of  Jordax  is  situated  on  the  Erie  Canal,  19 
miles  west  of  ^Syracuse.  It  was  incorporated  in  18o5,  and  now 
contains  about  1,300  inhabitants.  A  railroad  is  contemplated! 
from  this  place  to  Skaneateles,  from  which  a  branch  rciid, 
already  constructed  to  the  Auburn  and  Syracuse  Railroad,  is 
a  part  of  the  contemplated  work. 

Skankateles,  5  miles  south  of  the  line  of  the  New  York] 
Central  Railroad,  is  delightfully  situated  at  the  foot  of  Skan- 
eateles Lake.  It  was  incorporated  in  1833,  and  now  contains 
about  1,500  inhabitants.  The  lake,  15  miles  long,  and  from 
half  a  mile  to  a  mile  wide,  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  sur- 
rounded by  well-cultivated  farms  and  country  residences,  and 
celebrated  for  its  fine  trout,  which  are  taken  in  great  abund- 
ance, weighing  from  0  to  10  pounds. 

The  City  of  Aubukn  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Owasco 
Lake,  2G  miljs  west  of  Syracuse  and  8  miles  south  of  the  Erie 
Canal.     It  was  chartered  in  1848,  and  contained  in  1855  9,476 
inliabitants,   1,000   dwelling-houses,  a  court-house,  jail,  and 
county  clerk's  office.     The  Auburn  State  Prison,  on  the  nortli 
Bide  of  the  Owasco  outlet,  a  splendid  edifice  of  the  kind,  waa 
founded  in  181G,  and  cost  over  half  a  million  of  dollars.    Hcr«i 
are  inclosed  10  acres  of  land,  surrounded  by  a  solid  stone  wall, 
from  IG  to  40  feet  in  height  and  3  feet  thick.      The  main! 
building   facing  the  east,  is  8  stories  high,  besides  the  base- 
ment, surmounted  by  a  turreted  cupola,  in  which  is  an  alarm 
bell.     The  wings  are  of  two  stories,  the  whole  front  being  2(1) 
feet  long,  and  the  wings  242  deep  by  45  feet  wide,  inclosins: "t ' 
three  sides  a  court  in  the  rear,  about  190  feet  square.    The 
cells  in  the  interior  are  built  within  the  exterior  front,  are  5 1 
stories  high,  surrounded  by  galleries.    There  are  770  of 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


87 


separate  cells,  each  cell  being  7  feet  long,  3.J  feet  wide.  7*  feet 
high,  and  calculated  to  accommodate  one  prisoner  durin-  hia 
relaxation  from  labor.     In  addition  to  the  cella,  the  main 
build.ng  contains  a  chapel,  a  hospital,  dinin-room  for  the 
prisoners,  cooking  apartments,  and  store  rooms;  besidss  apart- 
ments in  the  mam  front  building,  used  as  offices  for  the  clerk 
and  agent,  ani   for  the  residence   of  the  principal  keeper 
Here  are  now  about  700  convicts,  mostly  engaged  in  different 
kmds  of  mechanical  pursuits,  carried  on  in  workshops   and 
unrler  large  sheds  within  the  outside  prison  walls. 

Ih^Mmrn  Theolo,^ical  Seminary  is  a  large  stone  ediiice, 
4  stories  high  above  ihQ  basement,  and  will  be  200  feet  front, 
when  fully  completed  as  designed. 

0 WASCO  Lakk,  a  few  miles  southeast  of  Auburn,  is  12  miles 
long  and  about  1  mile  wide,  being  celebrated  for  its  pictur- 
esque" scenery.  The  water  is  very  transparent,  aboundin..  in 
fish,  and  the  banlcs  rather  ruo-^red  ° 


Weedsport,  21  miles  west  of  Syracuse,  and  8  miles  north 
of  Auburn,  is  on  the  Erie  Canal.  It  was  incorporated  in  1831, 
and  now  contains  about  1 ,200  inhabitants. 

Port  Bykon,  3  miles  west  of  tli-     oove  place,  and  on  the 
line  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  {.Urect  route),  was  in- 
corporafed  in  18;^7,  and  now  contains  about  1,700  inhabitants 
^lere  is  an  extensive  flouring  mill,  with  12  run  of  stones,  and 
other  manufacturing  establishments. 

MoNTKzuMA,  205  miles  from  Albany,  by  canal  route,  is 
situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal  with 
the  Erie  Canul.  It  contains  about  700  inhabitants,  1  church, 
3  taverns,  and  5  stores.  Here  are  a  number  of  snlme  springs, 
f'om  which  salt  has  been  manufactured  ever  since  the  earliest 
fi^ttlement  of  this  part  of  the  country,  and  the  salt  is  of  the 
best  a^nd  purest  quality.  "  Tiie  specific  gravity  of  this  brine 
"  '  ""  ')7;  and  1,000  parts  of  it  contain  129.33  parts  of  dry 
tter.  or  12.93,  in  100  parts  of  brine.    This  is  within 


''^^t 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


87 


separate  cells,  each  cell  being  7  feet  long.  3.J  feet  wide,  U  feet 
high,  and  calculated  to  accommodate  one  prisoner  durin<.  his 
relaxation  from  labor.     In  addition  to  the  cells,  the  main 
build.ng  contains  a  chapel,  a  hospital,  dining-room  for  the 
prisoners,  cooking  apartments,  and  store  rooms;  besides  apart- 
ments in  the  main  front  building,  used  as  offices  for  the  clerk 
and  agent,  anl   for  the  residence  of  the  principal  keeper 
Here  are  now  about  700  convicts,  mostly  engaged  in  different 
kmds  of  mechanical  pursuits,  carried  on  in  workshops  and 
unrler  large  sheds  within  the  outside  prison  walls. 

The  ^u'mrn  Theological  Seminary  is  a  large  stone  edifice, 
4  stones  high  above  the  basement,  and  will  be  200  feet  front, 
when  fully  competed  as  designed. 

OvvAsco  Lakk,  a  few  miles  southeast  of  Auburn,  is  12  miles 
long  and  about  1  mile  wide,  being  celebrated  for  its  pictur- 
esque' scenery.  The  water  is  very  transparent,  aboundina-  in 
fish,  and  the  banks  rather  ruo-rred  ° 


111 


;  :¥ 


Weedspoht,  21  miles  west  of  Syracuse,  and  8  miles  north 
of  Auburn,  is  on  the  Erie  Canal.  It  was  incorporated  in  1831, 
and  now  contains  about  1.200  inhabitants. 

Port  Bykon,  3  miles  west  of  tl.      oove  place,  and  on  the 
hneof  the  N.,w  York  Central  Railroad  ^iirevi  route),  was  in- 
corporated  in  18.37.  and  now  contains  about  1,700  inhabitants 
«Iere  is  an  extensive  flouring  mill,  with  12  run  of  stones,  and 
other  manufacturing  establishments. 

MoNTKzuMA,  205  miles  from  Albany,  by  canal  route,  is 
siluated  at  the  junction  of  the  Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal  with 
the  Erie  Canal.     It  contains  about  700  inhabitants,  1  church, 
•J  taverns,  and  5  stores.     Hero  are  a  number  of  sulinf>  springs, 
fiom  which  salt  has  been  manufactured  ever  since  the  earliest 


88 


WKSTKIIN    TOUH. 


one  per  cent,  of  the  strength  of  much  of  the  brine  novf  worked 
in  Onondaga  County." 


The  village  of  Cayuga,  10  miles  west  of  Auburn,  is  situated 
on  the  east  bank  of  Cayuga  Lake;  it  contains  about  400  in- 
habitants, GO  dwelling-houses,  1  church,  2  taverns,  and  o 
stores.  Ilere^  the  celebrated  "  Cayuga  Bridge"  crosses  tlif 
lake,  which  is  upward  of  a  mile  wide;  a  new  bridge  has  also 
been  here  erected  for  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  still 
longer.  A  steamboat  runs  from  this  place  to  Ithaca,  a  dis- 
tance of  40  miles. 


Tourists  traveling  for  pleasure  are  recommended  to  deviate 
south  on  their  arrival  at  the  ^oot  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and*  make 
the  pleasant 

TOUR  OF  THE  CAYUGA  LAKE. 

Cayuga  Lake,  which  constitutes  one  of  the  Central  Lakes 
of  New  York,  is  40  miles  long  and  from  1  to  4  miles  wide.    It 
lies  between  the  counties  of  Cayuga  and  ?— -ica,  extending 
some  10  or  12  miles  into  Tompkins  County.     This  lake,  whicli 
is  very  deep,  is  navigated  by  steamboats  from  Cayuga  Bridge 
to  the  village  of  Ithaca,  stopping  at  the  intermediate  landings. 
It  is  a  most  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  surrounded  by  well-culti- 
vated farms  and  thriving  villages,  and  abounds  with  salmon 
trout,  white  fish,  pike,  pickerel,  perch,  and  catfish.     On  sev- 
eral of  the  inlets  to  this  lake,  toward  the  south,  are  most 
l)?autilul  and  picturesque  wattr-falls,  well  worthy  the  atteu- 
tion  of  the  lovers  of  natural  scenery.     The  outlet  flov.s  north 
into  Seneca  River,  and  thence  into  Lake  Ontario. 

The  traveler  has  now  one  of  the  ple.asantest  paths  of  jonr- 
neyihg  before  him.  He  finds  at  the  wharf,  at  East  Cayuga- 
or,  as  the  station  is  known  on  all  the  routes,  Cayuga  Bridge— 
a  beautiful  steamboat,  the  "  Kate  Morgan,"  and  in  this  bis 


Western  tour. 


89 


I  IT    The  old  t     "'  '"'^''"^  """'^^  ^'  *^-  ^-^e  -  to  be 
I  made     The  old  bnage,  cotemporaneous  with  the  century   i! 

almost  among  the  relics  of  another  day;   and  yet  it  "I;  a 
:   ™r  f--=-I;f-e  in  its   time.     It  was  memora    o  a,  a 
'l.v.  ngb.vr,erjnold  political  times,  opposing  majorities  L 
q.a.ntly  testing  the  strength  of  numbers  on  these  lin^s 
tpyuga  village  is  mostly  upon  the  hill      Tho  «fof-'     u 

0  u„  ry  „ro„„.,  f,„,„  ,.,  „,y  ,„  .„^  .tree.,    A  III 

chucl,   lately  rcnovateJ,  gives  a  pleasant  app^aran-e  To T, 
hcght.  ,ts  steeple  bol„s  conspicuous  far  up  tt„,ak.     „' 
«,  ,„  ,l,e  days  of  coach  and  wagon  a  wonderful  ga'tVin"  J 
travelers,  and  many  hours  have  passed  a,vav  hero  whnr,: 

The  Old  Bndge  is  a  mile  and  some  rods  iu  len-th      iVt 
~o.a,o„tude  compared  to  its  former  activity     it  Cen," 
Eadroad  crosses  on  a  separate  bridge    and  h,,  ,•„        . 
leatcd  its  ,vay  by  luxuriant  willows  "  '""''  ''"• 

I  The  boat  now  proceeds  on  its  way  to  Ithaca  It  l-w. 
co™  near  the  east  shore,  a,  its  tirst  landn'  Tat  the  vH  ^ 
«pn„gp„rt.    For  the  first  si.  miles  .he  CaJ  ",a  l  „„t  deT 

f*    ,„  approaching  Springport,  at  the  right  hand,  is  se^n 
I  _  Frontenac  Isl.\nd, 

the  only  :.«l,and  in  the  lake,  and  a  beautiful  localiw  it  is     T. 
W.S  coded  by  the  State  in  1856  to  the  vdla.^  rf  Snrn        . 

hg.nal  anl  delightful  poets  of  thi.  l      ,    ,'  ™^'* 

'-utif,d  stands  ^n  the  Cl      ^    ■    ^^j  '^i:  ""'T  "™^ 

Jt-'n  of  this  locality  by  A  B  sli       ,  ""''  *^''  "'°"- 

published  hv  nen  I  y  of  r     T      T     '  ^"""  ''  "  ^^''^^^^'^ac." 

[begven.    '  ^^'  ""^""^  '^^^''^  ^^''"««''  "'•«  name  to 

SHiii.vGroRT  is  a  neat  village,  of  about  ■  inn  •  i    r-. 
[active  and  industrious     Th.  k  '        '"'^^^^'t^nts, 

I  lustnous.     The  houses  are  tasteful,  and  some  of 

8* 


LT  ■ 


ti'i'itniiiiii^i  iMB| 

[I^WBJ 

'SH 

1 

H 

a^ 

JO 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


the  upper  streets  deserve  special  notice.  Its  chief  feature  is 
tlie  calobratecl  spring  wliich  issues  out  of  the  earth  on  the  very 
margin  of  the  lalic;  but  at  just  height  enough  to  give  a  suflB- 
cient  and  enluring  water-power.  There  are  also  abundant 
quarries  of  limestone,  of  excellent  material  for  building  or  for 
plaster.  The  traveler  can  notice  on  tlie  hill-side,  immediately 
at  the  north  of  tlie  island,  a  superb  stone  mansion,  of  unusuiil 
beauty  and  value,  the  property  of  Robert  W.  Howland,  for- 
merly of  New  Bedford,  This  house  is  worthy  of  a  visit,  as 
among  the  first  class  of  rural  residences.  This  village  is  tiie  I 
residence  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Thomas,  a  celebrated  agricultural 
writer. 

After  making  its  landing  here,  the  boat  proceeds,  skirting 
the  eastern  shore,  and  passing  a  part  of  the  lake  whore  llw  | 
variety  of  points  and  little  indentations  give  peculiar  pictur- 
esquenoss  to  the  sail.     The  boat  next  lands  at 

Levanna,  a  small  post-hamlet,  10  miles  from  the  bridge. 
Just  before  reaching  this,  the  tourist  will  see  on  the  east  bank 
the  residence  of  William  II.  Grinnell.  Ingleside  is  one  of 
the  most  agreeable  farms  in  the  State,  and,  as  it  slopes  from 
its  ample  and  handsome  dwelling  to  the  water,  gives  at  a  gliince 
a  rural  picture  scarcely  sui-passcd.  From  Levanna  the  boat 
sails  onward  beneath  clitfs  that,  by  their  abrupt  vine-covered 
Bteeps,  break  the  line  of  tlie  shore,  till,  in  a  distance  of  2  miles  [ 
(12  from  Cayuga  Bridge),  Aurora  is  the  next  reached. 

Aurora  lias  tasteful  dwellings  and  well- cultivated  gardens  I 
to  an  extent  which  would  repay  the  tourist  to  remain  there » [ 
few  hours.    Its  one  long  street  is  directly  on  the  water  side, 
and  heavy,  dark  stone  sea  walls  are  the  protection  of  the  soil  I 
against  its  storms.      These  gardens  have  tasteful  appoiidiigcs 
of  summer  hou.ses,  and  hedges,  and  floral  cultivation,  so  that 
a  sail  along  the  shore  furnishes  nmtiy  pretty  incident.^.    Tl:e| 
dwellings  of  Henry  Morgan  and  of  Henry  Wells,  by  their  sitU' 
ation  and  their  value,  attract  notice  at  once.     The  gardens  of  I 
many  of  the  citizens  have  been  planned  and  cultivated  witii| 
unusual  nicety  ani  attcutiua  to  good  taste. 


WESTEiiN    TiiUK. 


91 


The  vil  age  terminates  at  the  south  in  the  valuable  farm  of 
mchard  Hale,  of  the  New  York  J,.,n.aJ  of  Connnerce.     The 

HaT  Th    wT""^  "^ ''''''  ''  '^-^-'-7  and  Libra'; 
Hall.    The  latter  coulauis,  besides  its  thous.mda  of  volumes  a 
cap.  al  full  length  portrait  of  Governor  Seward,  by  El  or'ne 
of  the  most  distinguished  of  limners 

Leaving  Aurora,  the  boat  passes  by  two  picturesque  points, 
RocKv  and  O.BOH.K's  I'o.vxs,  and  after  this  the  boat  pursue 
Its  way  to  the  western  side  of  tlie  lake. 
At  Sheldrakk  Point  the  tourist' will  soo  a  very  prettv 
amlet,  the  superb  farm  directly  south  of  which  was  one  of  the 
1-a^.es  which  received  much  support  as  the  proper  site  for 
the  State  Agricultural  Colleg.     At  this  landing  travelers  des- 
tmcd  for  Ovid  and  the  Agricultural  C.llogo  are  landed. 

1  icn  follows  in  succession  Kidder's  l-'ony  and  Trumansburgh 
L  ading.  1  as  latter  is  the  point  for  a  large  and  enterprising 
vd  age.  a  mde  to  the  westward,  .hose  citi^on.  Herman  Camp! 
IS  so  well  known  in  the  annals  of  bcnovoljnt  (.(fort      ' 

GoomvKv'B  Point  is  the  lauding  for  those  wlio  would  visit  the 
Taghamc  Fall,  the  fairest,  loveliest  fall  in  all  ,he  country      He 
crystal  vail,  as  it  wreathe,  i.s.lf  in  that  vast  gorge,  is  a  pic- 
uro  of^eauty  worth  all  the  journ.y.     The  culVh'ero  gi^u 
th  s  fall  all  who  visit  it  will  nffinn.     It  has  no  equal  in  its 
blcnduig  of  tlie  lovely  water  with  the  gloomy  gorga 
At  the  east  side  of  the  lake  there  is  a  landing  for  tJio  Ridge 
oad.  and  a  very  convenient  one  it  is.      Then  the  boat,  after 
■aking  a  landing  for  the  village  of  Ludlowville.  proceeds  to 
Idmca,  the  end  of  its  route. 
I'HACA  is  a  largo,  prosperous  town,  whoso  beauty  and  en- 
-pnso  grat^ifios  the  good  sen.e  of  the  A  ..V/'.  who  originated 
•    It  has  all  tho  accessories  of  a  largo  population,  and  is  just 
"cli  a  home  as  those  who  enjoy  life  there  may  fdicitato  thorn- 
Boives   on  noHsocBinn'       ir„-„   — -m   •      « 
,  ^         "&      ''■-■'^  ""i  i;o  rouaa  sovorui  weii-keW 

"otels,  and  much  beautiful  scenery. 


I  i 


92 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


THE  LAKES  OF  WESTERN  UW  YOUK. 

Onkida  Lake  is  a  large  and  important  shoot  of  water,  sur- 
rounded by  the  counties  of  Oneida,  Madison,  Onondaga,  and 
Oswego.     It  is  22  miles  long,  and  from  4  to  (>  miles  wide.     It 
receives  Wood  Creek  and  its  tributaries  on  the  east,  Oneida 
Creek  and  Chittcnango  Creek  on  the  south,  besides  some  smaller 
streams.     On  the  east  end  of  the  lake  there  is  a  beautiful 
shelving  beach,  which  is  much  resorted  to  for  fishing  with 
seines.      White   fi.^h,   pike,   pickerel,   perch,   and   catfilh   are 
caught  in  great  abundance.      The  north  shore  is  remarkable 
for  its  bold  and  picturesque  beauty.     This  lake,  in  connection 
with  its  outlet  into  Oswego  River,  forms  an  important  channel 
of  trade,  there  being  a  branch  canal  of  G  miles  in  length  at  its 
east  end,  connecting  with  the  Erie  Canal,  thus  forming  a  con- 
nection  with  the  Oswego  Canal,  which  runs  from  Syracuse  to 
Oswego,  along  tiie  east  bank  of  Oswego  River. 

Oneida  Lake,  in  connection  with  Wood  Creek  and  Feneca 
River,  in  early  days  formed  an  important  channel  of  water 
oommunication  from  east  to  west,  being  navigated  by  a  small 
class  of  vessels  or  boats  running  tlirougli  to  Seneca  Lake. 

Skankatei.ks  Lake  lies  partly  between  the  counties  of 
Cayuga  and  Onondaga.  It  is  15  miles  long,  and  from  half  a 
mile  to  one  mile  wide.  This  is  a  beautiful  and  romantic  sheet 
of  water;  on  the  north  it  is  surrounded  by  highly  cultivated 
"inns  and  country  residences,  while  on  the  south  the  banks 
are  more  rugged  and  the  scenery  very  picturesque  and  roraiin- 
tic.  It  is  also  highly  celebrated  for  its  fine  trout,  which  are 
taken  in  great  abundance,  weighing  from  5  to  10  pound.s. 

Ononoaoa.  Lake  is  situated  in  the  northern  part  of  this 
county.  It  is  about  7  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  3  miles  wiile, 
This  lake  abounds  in  pike,  pickerel,  bass,  and  catfi,sh.  On  its 
r>-\nr:=  are  tiie  vAy  of  rvracuso  nni  Uiu  villages  of  GeiMes  ani 
Liverpool.  Many  have  supposed  that  the  Avater  ut  the  bottom 
of  this  lake  was  salt,  from  the  fact  that  the  salt  spr;;,^^  "i ' 


WESTERN'    TOUR. 


93 


located  on  its  borders  •  hnf  i-,>^«, 
M,«t  of  water,  ami  a„  ^oene,;  „t„    f  I  ,     "  "  f  ''™'""''" 

»»"«o.  i'-«et  flows  sou^,t:o:;:,:;:it°^^  "-'^ 

fine  flavor.      The  wator  ;.  ,         x  '^^^^  other  fish  of 

i»  very  .loop,  is  „„vigalo.l  by  ZJ^.Z!      r         ^^°'  ""^'='' 
|li»at,  wliito  fi«l,   nil-o  „•  ,       ,   ""'R''-  "I'oiinilmg  in  salmon 

or  ...0  iniot:  "o ;;,,:;  ;:■,''::'::;;'  """■• ""  '-'-' 

I«na  Picturosquo  «„o,.  . „"      „       T  '''  ""  """"  '""'""f"' 

>over>  of  natu,.;,  "1  i'      T  ^   ,,Z'^  '""  °"°°"°"  "^  '"" 

Wr.  noar  ,vhcro  it     ^i  JJ  j  , '?  T  r"''  '"'°  ^'^'^ 

■  ^  lu  Kiigfii    one  beiriff  a  toll  hrM.r,.    ^„ 

J^'"y"^«  nru/fr,^  niKl  the  otho,   „       ",'«''  '^no^n  as  the 


vidth  fi 


■-  'u  vvKuu  noiu  2  t(.  4  miles      It  J«  « 

»*i..o„eo,  is  „o,„,  f„.„„.  "";;■; , ' '  ™7  -p.  «»d 


in 


""lown,  but  was  found 


a  yvar  or  two 


urat<5ly 
nr  '  >  bo  Hbout  600  feet 


f  •■' 


t  ,' 


..A-J«t 


94 


WESTEUN    TOUR. 


w 


about  12  miles  above  the  outlet.     Tlie  water  is  very  clear,  and 
at  a  considerable  depth  below  the  surface  of  course  cool;  it  is 
sometimes  brought  up  for  drinking  by  letting  d&wn  a  corkeJ 
bottle,  till  it  reaches  a  depth  at  which  the  pressure  of  th? 
water  forces  in  the  cork,  and  fills  it.     The  binds  about  the  | 
southern  or  upper  extremity  of  the  lake  are  high  .ml  pictur 
esque;  about  the  northern  loss  elevated,  but  undul.it'ng,  aiii 
covered  with  the  richest  crops,  with  here  and  there  remains  nf 
the  magnificent  primitive  forest.     The  outlet  of  the  lake  is  at 
the  northeastern  angle,  and  the  discharge  of  water  furnishes 
an  ample  supply  of  power  to  the  munuf.ictories  of  Waterloo 
and  Seneca  Falls,  which  flourishing  villages  are  situate*!,  tiie 
former  about  6,  and  the  latter  10  miles  from  the  lake.     Senecj 
Lake  receives  the  waters  of  Crooked  Lake  at  Dresden,  aloui 
12  miles  above  Geneva.     The  cutlet  of  Crooked  Lake  is  alout| 
6  miles  in  length,  and  the  <lescent  to  Seneca  Lake  about  2'i 
feet.     A  canal  construct'd  along  this  outlet  connects  the  twl 
lakes.     I^eneca  Lake  does  not  so  much  abound  with  fish  m 
some  of  the  other  lakes,  probably  in  consequence  of  the  doptl 
•and  coldness  of  its  waters.     There  are  found  in  it,  however, 
white-fish,  pike,  pickerel,   trout,  perch,   herring,   rock-basi,| 
■tripod  biss,  chub,  sunfi.sli,  catfish,  osla,  shiners,  mullet,  etc. 

A  steamer  runs  on  this  lake,  summer  and  winter,  for  tliej 
conveyance  of  passengers. 

Canandaigua  Lakk  is  a  most  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  lij 
miles  h)ng,  and  from  1  to  li  miles  wide,  lying  mostly  in  the! 
county  of  Ontario,  and  a  small  part  in  Yates  County.  It  iil 
surrounded  by  highly  cultivated  lands,  justly  celebrated  forj 
thoir  fertility,  divtsrsified  hj  charming  Bcenery.  Its  vatcn,! 
which  are  depp  iin  I  clear,  abound  with  fish  of  different  kinl', 
and  are  elevate  1  (570  feet  above  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Civun- 
doii^na  Dut/et  flows  northeast  into  Flint  Creek,  then  into  ClyJ«j 
and  Seneca  Eiver^  all  of  wl-.ich  arc  Irv.pnrtaRt  milUstrflaui! 
The  steamer  "  Josnrn  Wood"  runs  from  the  villngo  of  Ciin 
daigua  to  the  head  of  the  lake,  landing  at  Cheshire,  Gorliaffl-j 
Middlesex,  and  South  Bristol.     Stages  run  from  the  landing «sj 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


95 


the  head  of  the  lake  to  Bloody  on  the  Buffalo.  Corning,  and 
New  lork  Railroad,  connecting  at  Corning  with  the  New  Fork 
and  Erie  Railroad.  "  ^ui-k 

Crooked  Lake,  by  the  Indians  called  R'euJ.-a,  lies  partly  in 
he  county  of  Steuben  and  partly  in  Yates.     It  is  22  miles  in 

south.  The  waters  of  this  lake  are  270  feet  above  Seneca 
Lake,  with  which  it  ,s  connected  by  an  outlet  and  canal.  It 
a^unda  m  sa  mon  trout,  white  fish,  pickerel,  perch,  sunfish. 
bass,  and  cat  sh.  Its  waters  are  cool  and  transparent,  and 
n>m  3  to  60  feet  n  depth.  At  B^uff  Point,  9  miles  norUi  of 
he  head  of  the  lake,  it  is  divided  by  a  high  promontory,  ex- 

distance  of  13  miles,  while  the  northern  branch  extends  9  miles 
to  Branchport     A  steamboat  for  the  conveyance  of  passengers 
Ud  towing  plies  daily  from   IlammonJsport   to    Penn-Yan, 
affording  a  fine  view  of  the  lake  and  adjacent  country 

iHATn-AUQUE  Lake,  lying  in  the  county  of  Chautauque. 
N.  1.,  .ts  head  being  within  8  miles  of  Lake  Erie,  is  a  most 
h-rkable  and  beautiful  sheet  of  wat.r.  and  deserves  a 
no  tee.  uKhough  its  waters  fiow  south  into  the  Allegany  lUver 
an  thence  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  18  mi  J  in'leng^; 
an  n  ,eadth  varies  from  2  to  3  miles,  except  near  the  middle 
hh  re  1    eon  tracts  to  a  few  rods.     It  is  navigable  for  steam. 

bvt     H     7';     '  '' '''  ^''''^' ''  '^''  ''''  ''  ^'^«  l'^'^^^  thence 
y    sout  et  to  the  Connewango  Creek.     Tliis  lake  is  elevated 

\mT  n  '  ''  '"•"*"''  '^  ^'''^'  ^'''''  «"^  ^  -'^  f^^^^t  above  the 
Atlant  c  Ocean,  being  the  highest  body  of  water  in  tho  Union 
on  which  a  steauer  floats. 


K^'n,ct  from  a  JS'.w  York  pnper,  daUd  September,  1856. 

^^-!>^XSJr.  1  rZ^^^"!^^'^  .Chautauau.  Lake. 

*   ir.  jjUite  an 


lh«»»„    ■'■"-"«  "I    u   n'w   stcjiniUnt  on  C 
[Mwoon  Jamestown  an  I  ,\f,,vv,ll,.   m..  JL: 

ICtOliL    wirSi    iia       'I'l...    1.1      '•  .  'J 

miles 
water 


ivat 


ImiicH 


long  and  throe 


|««nier  of  tlio 
jewel  it 
trie. 


county,  which  it  ndoins 


diivc;ly  in  the 
graci'luliy    ns  any 


thl!^  n^-  ,•  f ^  "  "'''""  hundred  feet  liighor  Umn  Lake 
though  tho  distance  between  the  two  lakes  is  onlv  «  vl 


(     , 


'  'I-.', 


i   :  i'^ 


.'?  ir 


96 


WESTEKN    TOUR. 


or  eight  miles,     Chautanque  L^ke  is  the  highest  water  navi- 
gated by  steam  in  the  State  of  New  York.     The  little  steam- 
boat which  plies  daily  between  Jamestown   and  Mayville  is 
calle.1  th3  "  C.  C.  Dknnis."    The  ride  on  this  boat  to  Mayville, 
and  thence  over  the  ridge  which  divides  the  two  lakes  to  West- 
field,  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  romantic  in  the  coun- 
try.    Jamestown  is  situated  four  miles  from  Chautanque  Lake, 
and  on   its  outlet.     The  outlet  is   a  deep,   sluggish  stream, 
shaded  on  both  sides  by  a  heavy  forest  of  tamaracks,  and 
hedged  in  by  aYi  undergrowth  of  shnibbery,  so  dense  that  tlie 
view  13  completely  intorcopted.     The  ride  through  the  graceful 
windings  of  the  outlet,  reposing  so  quietly  in  the  bosom  of  such 
luxuriant  vegetation,  reminds  one  of  the  accounts  wo  often 
read  of  the  scenery  of  tropical  regions.     The  shores  of  the  l;ike 
present  no  bluffs?,  but   they  slope   back  gradually  from  the 
water's  edge,  and  are  covered  with  fine  farms.     You  leave  the 
steamer  at  Maysvillo,  and  take  the  stage  for  AVestfield.    A  ride 
of  about  2  miles  brings  you  to  the  sunnnit  of  the  ridge  whioli 
divides  the  lakes,  and  hero  a  most  magnificent  panorama  is 
opened  to  your  view.     A  few  miles  distant,  and  TOO  feet  below 
you,  Lake  Eric  stretches  its  blue  expanse  toward  Canada  ami 
Buffido,  which  yi.u  can  almost  see.     It  is  dotted  over  with  tin' 
whited  canvas  of  sailing  vessels,  from  which  you  may  now  an-j 
then  distinguish  a  steamer  by  its  long  trail  of  smoke. 

At  the  foot  of  the  hill  on  Avhich  you  stand  lies  the  beautiful 
village  of  Westfiold.  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  and  f-rtilo  country. 
Behind  you  lies  Lake  Chautauque,  which  looks  like  Lake  Eric 
in  miniature.  There  is  a  barn  on  the  ridge,  the  water  falling 
on  the  eaves  of  which  run  one  way  through  Lake  Chautauque 
and  the  Allegany  imd  Ohio  rivers  to  the  Mississippi  and  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  other  side  to  Lake  Erie  and  the 
Gtilf  of  St.  LaAvrcncc. 


The  village  of  Senkca  Falls,  10  miles  west  of  Auburn,  nuJ 
lliO  miles  from  Albany,  by  railroad  route,  is  advantageously 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet  of  Seneca  Lake.  It  wnj 
incorporated  in  1801,  and  now  contains  about  5,000  inliaW- 
tants,  500  dwelling-hou  ..s.  o  churches  of  different  denoiniii!- 
tlons,  1  colluu  factory,  :ind  8  flouring  mills.  In  this  neiglilci- 
hood  are  large  qnan:itles  of  gypsum,  which  is  here  ground  nni 
seni  to  different  parls  of  the  country.  The  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
Cftlial  and  the  Auburn  and  Rochester  Railroad  pass  tlnou;;!i 


WKSTERN    TOUR. 


97 


-y-M 


this  rlllage.     The  water-power  afforded  bv  th.  ^ 
very  great;   the  descent  from  Sen    a  to  r-         r'l  '"'''*  '' 
tance  of  12  n.iles,  being  about  75  Tet     iZT     ^''  ^ '^" 
dant,  and  not  subject  to  freshets,  s^arcelv     e    .r  "      "" 
to  exceed  two  feet  •   fhn  i     i      ,'   ^^^^^^  ^^^^  having  a  rise 

p-iaii,  ™p,„;r;.  •  f,T:zrr "  ^""'  -^  ^^  ^" 

ward  of  40  f..t  within  ...X.  Jo'   „V    "  '?  '"""'  °'  "P" 

i:.i«  Canal  at  Montezuma  C""""' "i^ol"  umt=8  ,vi;h  tLe 

IV-AiEaLoo,  193  milca  ,vest  <,f  ^      .  . 

.o.nel,  sitnatod  on  both  sides  of  tl  o     fce   77'  "  "r"^' 
which  is  in  part  used  i,  .l,„  r  °^  ^'"-"^  I-ako. 

iaccporated  in  im^^a       '"'*"  """  '™°''  "''''''■     ''  "- 

l».f.hire  town  with  0™     ',  p/esCr;;''  ^""•,'"="=  " 
'"Mnd  I  Methodist  chuLch;  nn  ae      :;'<frrr''  ?"P- 
K  1  la-ting  Louse    "5  d..        ^     ^'        °"''  ""''  "'^■ 
kr«s;   1   larRo  wool!"'  J   ,     ^  «°''*'  S'"'"''^.   "-J  "'to. 

h  18  run  of  stono.    The  f  n  „;      .  '"'=  '"'"''  ™""''°- 

l«  f«t.    In  tho  iledtt!         ■'"""'  "'  «'=»  r'"""  i»  about 

,;«  ;'■=  Ca,nga  „„,  Soneoa  t:      '. t'  ^^vL  C    fT" 
^^"burn  and  Hoehcstcr  T?.,n..„  7  Central,  or 

*..  is  aheut  e,.dt:r„t''CuV.'::;t.n'!:a  ri'""' 

t'ErvKv\.  rj''  niiina  ^    i     ^    .         •'"o'' "'"'1  ft'^naca  lakes. 
A,  o-  unieg  west  of  Auburn,  and   '^no   «,•.      ^ 
""'any,  via  New  Vnvt  r     .     ,  „  .  ^       "^'^^'^  fi'om 

"'^-  ...of:v„::„r ::  t:Vr  r-"'""^  ""»■ 

■'"'ide,    Thenri„^.„,T       .    „  ,     ""^  '■"''»•  o"  the  west- 

(■«''  Of  -.0  .ake.  and  tl^t  .:;  ;:  T"  »/^':«=  »'»"■'  «■« 

'».  whihMho  business  n,!.,  '"''  "'"™  'l'"  "'"•• 

b«  r™,  .^  .. .  ."r    "'P'" '  "'™-l9  ■'■'  the  plain  wl,l.,,  ii„.  ., 

-  -^.anee,  ern^n'^  "^  T^^:^:^':  ""-'  "''"-  ^- 

"S  tt  view  of  Its  waters,  as  if  formed 


•>':; 


»  i 


ht 


>  *E 


98 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


for  choice  residences  in  this  region  of  beauty.    The  yillage  ms 

incorporated  in  1812,  and  now  contains  about  5,000  mhabi- 

tants  and  BOO  dwelUng-houses.    The  Geneva  College,  attached 

to  which  are  three  buildings,  and  the  Geneva  Lyceum,  are 

located  here,  and  8  churches  of  different  denominations.     The 

new  Episcopal  church  is  a  splendid  edifice,  erected  at  a  cost  of 

about  $30,00P.     The  accommodation  for  strangers  at  Geneya 

is  very  good,  there  being  several  well-kept  hotels;  and  car- 

riages  are  always  in  readiness  at  the  railroad  dep5t  and  steam- 

boat  landing,  to  convey  passengers  to  any  part  of  the  vdlage, 

Two  or  threo  steamboats  ply  regularly  on  tlie  lake,  runmnd 

daily  up  and  down  between  Geneva  and  the  villnge  of  JefferscB 

at  the  head  of  the  lake,  connecting  with  stages  to  Elmira  ad 

Cornin-,  and  at  tbe  latter  place  with  the  railroad  to  the  citia 

of  New\ork  and  Philadelphia.    A  boat  is  employed  m  towmj 

canal  boats,  which  come  to  Geneva  by  the  Cayuga  and  Senea 

Canal,  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  thence  to  the  villages  ci 

the  lake,  and  to  the  canal  which  connects  this  l-^kc  with  CrooM 

Lake,  and  the  Chemung  Canal,  leading  from  Jefferson  to  tk 

Chemung  River  at  Elmira,  and  by  the  feeder  to  Corning.    M 

meridian  of  the  capital  at  Washington  passes  through  the  laii 

about  half  a  mile  east  of  Geneva.  _  I 

Geneva,  ov  Hobart,  College  received  its  charter  in  18lo,  M 

is  a  flourishing  institution.     The  college  buildings,  three  - 

number,  are  beautifully  situated  on  Main  Street,  overlook 

Seneca  Lake.     A  large  and  handsome  building  is  about  bei^ 

erected  ou  the  same  street  for  the  use  of  the  medical  departmeni 


'   1    ! 


CLYnE.  183  miles  from  Albany,  via  the  Now  York  Centt 
Railroad,  ia  a  flourishing  town,  situated  on  the  line  of  the 
Canal,  containing  about  1,800  inhabitants.    It  is  propos^j 
construct  a  canal  from  this  place  i*  Lake  Ontario.  , 

Lyonb.  IC  miles  north  of  Geneva,  is  eligibly  situated  oni 
Erie  Canal,  193  miles  west  of  Albany  by  dirrct  route.    1 
incorporated  in  1831,  and  now  contains  about  3.200  inM 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


99 


tan  s  4oO  dwelLng-houses,  a  court-house  and  ja-].  county 
cerks  and  surrogate's  office;  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,! 
Methodist  1  Baptist,  and  1  Lutheran  church.  S.a.es  leave 
Lyons  d.lv  for  Genova  on  the  south,  and  Sodus  Poiul  on  the 
north,  situated  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario 

Nkwark,  7  miles  west  of  Lyons,  on  the  E.^ie  Canal,  is  an 
achve  place  of  bus.n.ss.  and  contains  about  2.000  inhabitants 
Palmyra,  15  miles  west  of  Lyons,  and  20(]  from  Albany 
was  mcorporated  in  1828,  and  now  contains  about  2,400  in-' 
habitants.  It  is  situated  on  an  elevated  and  dry  piece  of 
ground,  in  the  midst  of  a  delightful  wheat-growing  country 
The  mam  street  is  over  one  mile  and  a  quarter  in  length,  and 


Ithe  noith,  passing  through  a  fine  section  of  country,  for  which 
Ihe  county  of  Ontario  is  justly  celebrated 

Uet  Tt'h!  T'  'T  """''  "  '  '""^'*^'"°^  p^-«'  ^-  *b« 

br  I      T        ^"^^^"^^'^"S"^   L-ke,  at   the  junction   of  Flint 
Meek.      There  are   two   settlements  about   one   mile  apart. 

nown  as  Ensl  Henna  and  m^t  Vienna. 

CupTox  Sprizvcs.  3  miles  west  of  Vienna,  are  resorted  to 
^  their  me.hc;nal  properties,  and  have  become  somewhat 
hbrated  They  are  sul,,ur  springs,  of  a  similar  character 
10  many  others  to  be  found  in  Western  New  York.  Hero  ia  a 
^■•ge  and  commodious  public  house,  for  the  accommodation  of 
fsitorg. 

■usUf'i  ^^'""  Z  "'^'"'""^^^  '''""*°^'  ^■^'"'^^«  f'"^™  <1^«  ^olse  and 
■  St  0,  largo  v.llagcs  or  cities,  embracing  a  beautiful  grove  of 

freat^  trees,  as  its  pleasure-grounds,  from  the  midst  of  whi-'-h 
►-wits  snr...  ,.r^„,^  „„^  ,^^,^^^^^^.^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^.  ^ 


^ture  as  to  plcas3  and 


in'crest  the  visitor,      id  render  it 


**,e  r„t,..,t,  whether  for  lh„,„  .o„ki,„  ..    _„,„„.,„„  ., 
«»,  11,033  wl,„  haro  a  fow  leisure  doya  or  weeks  to  «pend 


a 


..jtorativo  from 


m 


100 


■WESTERN    TOUR. 


I'iBi 


recreation  and  pleasure,  or  for  those  who,  -snth  their  families, 
are  disposed  to  leave  the  heated  walls  of  a  city  residence  to 
enjoy  the  refreshing  breezes  and  pure  atmosphere  of  the  coun- 
try, during  the  warm  season." 

The  waters,  whicli  are  mainly  of  a  sulphurous  character, 
charged  somewluit  with  soda,  magnesia,  and  carbonic  gas, 
stand  unsurpassed  in  their  medicinal  character,  as  a  remedy 
for  the  various  skin  diseases,  rheumatic  aflfeetions,  dyspepsia, 
general  debility  of  the  system,  etc.,  and  have  effected  cures  in 
cases  where  the  waters  of  other  springs  have  f  lilcd. 

Canandaigua  is  delightfully  situated  near  the  foot  of  Can- 
andaigua  Lake,  223  miles  west  of  Albany  by  railroad.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1815,  and  now  contains  about  4,000  inhabi- 
tants, 500  dwelling-houses,  a  courthouse,  jail,  surrogate's 
office,  county  clerk's  oiBce,  and  town-house ;  1  Presbyterian,  1 
Episcopal,  1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  and  1  African  church;  2 
banking  houses  and  a  savings'  bank.  No  place  in  the  State 
probably  exceeds  this  village  as  a  desirable  place  of  residence, 
being  surrounded  by  a  rich  agricultural  district,  abounding  iu 
almost  every  luxury  for  which  Weshm  jXeiv  York  is  so  justly 
celebrated.  On  the  south,  at  a  short  distance,  lies  Canan- 
daigua Lake,  with  its  cultivated  shores,  in  full  view  of  this 
abode  of  taste  and  opulence. 

The  village  of  Victor  is  9  miles  west  of  Canandaigua,  and  a 
little  to  the  north  of  the  rail -oad. 

PiTTSFORD,  12  miles  fan  her,  is  on  the  line  of  the  Erie 
Canal,  near  its  intersection  vith  the  railroad.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1827,  and  now  couiains  about  700  inhabitants. 

Brighton,  4  miles  east  of  llochester,  is  alsy  on  the  liu-;  of 
the  Erie  Canal. 


The  City  of  Roches  tkr,  230  miles  west  from  Albany,  nii- 
68  miles  east  of  Buffalo,  by  railroad  r(>u;o,  is  advantageously 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Genesee  lliver,  and  on  the  line  of 
the  Erie  Canal,  7  miles  south  of  Lake  Ontario,  with  which  tlie 


WESTERN   TOUR. 


101 


Genesee  River  affords  good  water  communication  for  steam- 

l.   s  and  schooners  f.om  the  landing,  2  miles  bel.w  the  center 

f  the  cty.     U  was  chartered  in  1834.  and  is  now  divided  In  o 

Id::^!n      if  '"""^'  ''  '  "'^^°^'  --^-'  -^  board  of 
a  dem  n.     It  conta.ncd  in  1855  43,877  inhabitants,  mostly 

engaged  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing  pursuits;  a  new 
city  hall  and  court-house;  a  jail  an:l  county  clork-s  office  T 
surrogate-s  offijo ;  2  public  mnrlrf.f«  •  -  ' 

in  I,     I  •       ,  ^  niaikets;  gas  woius;  water  works: 

10  banR^ng  houses;  3  savings'  banks;  1  mutual  insurance 
22;       ^-'^^^-^-^  ^'-el^es,  3  Episcopal.  3  B^IJ^ 

«f,.:»        1       ,        r'""'  -  "'mi!s    iiicct;ng  Iiouscs,  and  2 

4  fcmalo  »™,nar,«,  an.l  16  pnUic  schools.     n,„  tofeb    °' 
n™ro„.,anJ  n^ost  of  thorn  well  top.,  afforjing  cerXlr 
*  luxury.    T„o  o.,„rn  House  is  a  „o„  „„a  oLensivo  U  I, 
^«co,  s.tuato,l  o„  the  oarnc  •  of  Main  an.l  St.  Paul  ,t..e=ta      ' 
The  ltocl„.Ur  «,,.,„,•,,,/  is  a  new  institution  of  learning 
.nder  the  oI>a,go  of  ,i,o  U,p,i,t  <Ion„n,i„ation.    Ho  e  "s„  1 
«  a«  on  the  no.-th  part  of  the  ci.y,  th=  //„„,.  ^/^X 
for  V  e  to,,  ,,,  Y„,_  „„,^  ^^_^^^.  .      ^^^^^  ,oo  inmates 
me    «,Umg  ,a  a  large  and  substantial  brick  edifice,  sur 
rounded  by  a  high  stone  wall, 

«ns'!f  r°""'°  ""'"T"™-  -"WA  Rochester  possesses,  by 
«  of  a  success:,*  of  falls  in  the  Oencsco  River,  may  be 

"re  are  now  w.tha,  the  limits  of  the  city,  and  all  nsin,, 
C    \:       r  'r-"-"='-  "  '■■»  f«™J«ries  a„d  machine 

m,','    7     "''"''•  "  P'P"^""''.  2  on .„:iis,  7  saw- 

"!;„?  ""'  f'f  "'■>••  «  P-P  f-'<"-.  2  edg.  tool  factorie.,.  2 

|2c«f'rr      "°  ,""''  f"""-"S">'"  ao'orics,  1  chair  factory^ 

iZ  3      ™'     "":"'  """""-"»■'•  '■  3  «b  factories,  4  .a^. 

4s  e  ''"■'"•     "'""'■"'■  '  '°""""°  -Jsnutr factories, 

^  ^  »leam-plant„g  and  flooring  mills.    Within  the  limits  of 
I  9> 


102 


Western  tour. 


the  city,  a  distance  of  3  miles,  the  total  fall  of  water  in  the 
river  is  about  250  feet,  affording  during  most  of  the  year  an 
almost  inexhaustible  supply  of  water-power,  which  is  as  yet 
but  partly  used  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Here  are  about  20  forwarding  establishments  connerted 
with  the  trade  of  the  Erie  and  Genesee  Valley  canals,  the 
latter  running  south  through  the  rich  valley  of  the  Genesee 
River.  There  is  also  a  limited  shipping  interest  on  the  Genesee 
River  and  Lake  Ontario.  A  great  number  of  canal  boats  have 
been  built  at  Rochester,  there  being  no  less  than  11  boat-yards 
for  their  construction.  Railroad  cars  and  carriage-making 
are  also  extensively  carried  on  here  to  advantage. 

American  and  British  steamboats  arrive  and  depart  daily, 
during  the  season  of  nn^-Igation,  from  the  landing  on  the  nortli 
of  the  city,  and  from  Charlotte,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  7 
miles  distant,  to  where  a  plank  road  is  now  constructed,  afford- 
ing a  most  delightful  ride  during  pleasant  weather.  Railroad 
cars  and  canal  packets  arrive  and  depart  almost  hourly. 

No  traveler  for  pleasure  should  pass  through  Rochester 
without  stopping  over  at  least  one  day  to  see  the  city  and  visit 
the  objects  of  interest  in  its  vicinity,  the  natural  and  artificial 
curiosities  being  well  worthy  of  notice.  The  most  important 
of  them  are  the  Genesee  Falls,  which  are  seen  to  great  advan- 
tage from  the  cast  side  of  the  river,  a  shon  distaiicr  below  the 
railroad  bridge,  where  is  a  perpendicular  •Ie3<^e:  l  V'  96  feet;  2 
miles  below  is  another  fall  of  75  feet,  l^o  L.i.ie  aiiaeduct  for 
the  enlarged  Erie  Canal  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  mason  work, 
well  worthy  of  examination.  The  above,  together  with  Mount 
Hope  Cemetery,  most  beautifully  situated  on  the  east  side  of 
ihe  Il'ver,  about  2  miles  south  of  the  city,  afford  many  points 
••f  i.tiraction,  well  worthy  the  attention  of  the  traveler. 

The  Gene    i-   Valley  Catial  commences  at  Rochester,  and 
nscends  the  rich  valley  of  the  Genesee,  being  now  completed  a 
distance  of  88  miles,  with  a  branch  to  Dansville,  of  12  miles. 
The  Rochester  and  Genesee  Valley  Railroad  is  now  com- 
pleted to  Mount  Morris,  36  miles,  passing  through  the  village 


The  most  nc 

iA  Avon  Sprii 

delightfully  si: 

of  tlie  Genese 

Canal,  on  an  ( 

the  river,  comr 

Valley  and  sur 

Connected  w 

famed  medicin 

two  principal  sj 

Springs,  distan 

i  similar  propert 

the  same  miner 

fully  tested  the 

found  peculiarly 

rheumatic  com; 

I  affections,  and  i 

There  are  sei 

I  near  the  Spring 

I  the  Avon  Hotel 

■  nd  the  fc^pring 

I  Springs,  the  twc 

[for  bathing  are  i 

I  being  three  estal 

Itions  not  only  foi 

For  Analysis, 

I  by  J.  Disturne: 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


103 


of  Avon,  connecting  with  a  line  of  travel  to  Buffalo  on  the  west 
and  the  c.ty  of  New  York  on  the  east. 


connected 
janals,  the 
lie  Genesee 
he  Genesee 
boats  have 
boat-yards 
ige-making 

part  daily, 
a  the  north 
:he  river,  7 
ted,  afford- 

Railroad 
irly. 

Rochester 
ty  and  visit 
id  artificial 
;  important 
reat  advan- 
:r  below  tlie 

06  feet; 
.^  deduct  for 
lason  ■work, 
vith  Mount 
;ast  side  of 
nany  points 
eler. 
ihester,  and 
completed  a 

12  miles, 
3  now  com- 
L  the  village 


The  most  noted  place  of  resort  in  the  valley  of  the  Genesee 
.s  Avon  SrKr.cs,  18  miles  south  of  Rochester  The  viire" 
dehghtfully  situated  about  half  a  mile  east  of  the  Hg  t  blk 
of  the  Genesee  Ihver,  and  2  miles  from  the  Genesee  Valky 
Canal,  on  an  elevated  terrace,  about  one  hundred  feet  above 
the  nver,  commanding  an  extensive  prospect  of  the  rich  Genese« 
Valley  and  surroundng  country  ucnese. 

Connected  with  the  village,  on  the  southwest,  are  the  justly 

famed  med.c.nal  springs,  giving  celebrity  to  the  place.     1^ 

wo  prmcipal  springs  are  distinguished  as  the  Upper  and  Lower 

Sprmgs.  distant  from  each  other  about  80  rods     They  po    e 

smular  properties,  differing  only  in  the  relative  quanufierof 

rtrtTr;"'  ingredients.     Analysis  and  explience  have 

ally  tested  the  sana  ive  properties  of  these  waters.     They  are 

found  pecuharly  efficacious  in  disorders  of  the  digestive  organs 

affections,  and  in  every  kind  of  obstructions 

LlrT  r.''''''^  ^'^"-k'^Pt  hotels,  both  at  the  village  and 

near  tae  Springs.    The  n>ost  noted  are  the  Avon  Eagle  Hotel 

|the  Avon  Hotel  ..  Ilesuier  House,  the  Knickerbocker  Ilali; 

^nd  tile  bpnng  Hotel.     The  two  latter  are  situated  near  the 

or  W)  *"'/"""  "  '^^  ^^"^Se.     The  accommodations 

tor  bathing  are  also  extensive  and  handsomely  arrano-od   there 

tions  not  only  for  the  invalid  but  for  the  seeker  of  pleasure 

bvlV'"-''"'  '''  ''^^"'^^^'^VATEH-FAi.r.s,  etc..  published 
py  J.  DiSTURNELL,  333  Broadway.  New  York. 


h 


104 


WESTERN   TOUR. 


RAILEOAD  EOUTE  FROM  ROCHESTER  TO  BUFFALO. 

TnK  A''ew  York  Central  Railroad  extends  west  from  Roch- 
ester, through  the  villages  of  Churchvilkk  nnd  Bergen, 
forming  the  great  eastern  and  western  thoroughfare  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Great  Lakes  of  America. 

Batavia,  ^  miles  west  of  Rochester,  3G  east  from  Buffalo, 
and  262  from  Albany,  by  railroad  route,  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  a  plain,  through  which  flows  the  Tonawanda  Creek.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1823,  and  now  contains  about  3,000  inhabi- 
tants, 400  dwelling-houses,  a  court-house,  jail,  and  county 
clerk's  office,  a  State  arsenal,  and  the  general  land  office  of  the 
Holland  Land  Company.  In  addition  to  the  Now  York  Central 
Railroad,  the  Canandaigua  and  Niagara  Falls  Railroad,  and 
the  Buffalo,  New  York,  and  Eric  I'ailroad,  also  pass  through 
Batavia,  affording  great  facilities  to  reach  Albany,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  etc.  Stages  run  from  Batavia  Bouth  to  Warsaw; 
and  north  to  Albion  and  Lockport. 

The  villnge  of  Attica,  11  miles  from  Batav'a,  and  on  the 
Tonawanda  Creek,  is  pleasantly  situated.  It  is  an  active  place 
of  business,  containing  about  1,000  inhabitants.  The  Buffalo 
attd  J\'>w  York  Cifi/  Railroad  passes  thro\igh  th's  village,  con- 
necting with  the  New  York  and  Erie  Railroad  at  Ilornellsville. 


RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  ROCHESTER  TO  NIAGARA 

FALLS 

BnorKPoiiT,  17  miljs  west  of  Koclicster,  and  210  by  railroad 
from  Albany,  is  handsomely  situated  on  the  Eiio  Canal.  1'- 
was  incorporated  in  1820,  nn  I  now  contains  about  2,200  inhabi- 
tants and  300  dwelling-houses. 

Tlio  village  of  Iloi.Lr.Y,  5  miles  west  of  Broclcport,  containl 
about  700  inhabitants.  Sandy  Creek  flows  tlirough  this  placa. 
over  which  the  canal  passes  by  mean.s  of  an  embankment,  "S 


TVESTERN    TOUR. 


105 


feet  above  the  bed  of  the  stronm  -nri  •  i  • 

a  culvert.  ™'  ""^''^  ''  <^''^^«y«d  under  it  by 

Albion-,  on  the  Erie  Cannl    «?n  «,-i     \c- 
250  miles  from  Albany  bvr.n'      ,  '"^  ^"'^^'^*^'-'  '^"^^ 

The  Alluvial.  W A V  r>«  n  « 

mrkable  foa,„™  extend,  w«t  ,o  Uarailton  c  W      v    T,""- 
(the  Lead  of  Lake  Ontario.  »»"l'»n.  t.  W. ,  s,lnatc<l  at 

Knovvlesville,  7  miles  We.t  nP  All- 
Ivill^go  on  (ho  lino  of  tZ\    V    ^     ""■  "  ""  '"™Po™tcd 

h  ---nin  1;.  'a  7.::::;"::,::"'  ?'"  '"'■""""°"- 

h«Wi»l.n>ent,.  """'   ""''   ■^""•"f»cluring 

I  '"%o  of  LocKPoar  i.  on  (ho  Erie  Canal,  25  milo. 


f 


106 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


Ill 


■■A 

ill 


northeast  of  Buffalo,  and  from  Albany,  by  railroad  route,  285 
miles.  It  was  'ncorporated  in  1827,  and  now  contains  about 
9,000  inhabitants,  1,000  dwelling-houses,  a  court-house,  jail, 
and  county  clerk's  oifice. 

The  hydraulic  power  derived  from  the  surplus  waters  of  the 
Erie  Canal  at  this  place  is  sufficient  to  propel  at  kast  800  run 
of  mill-stones,  and  is  almirably  located  for  an  extensive  manu- 
facturing  towh.  In  addition  to  the  Erie  Canal,  which  pass33 
through  the  center  of  the  village,  the  Rochester,  Lockport,  and 
JViagara  Falls  liaUroad  passes  through  this  place,  and  rv.m 
to  Niagara  Falls,  20  mil«s ;  the  Loc/<porl  and  Buffalo  Rath  .■. 
extends  a  distance  of  25  miles  to  the  city  of  Buffalo,  aftordmg 
a  speedy  communication  for  travelers  visiting  the  Falls  aivt 
Buffalo  Here  are  ten  combined  locks,  constructed  of  lime- 
rock,  in  the  most  finished  style  of  masonry,  to  accommodate  tlie 

enlarged  Erie  Canal. 

On  leavin-  Lockport  for  the  West,  passengers  can  proceed  by 
railroad,  direct  to  Buffalo,  25  miles,  parsing  through  Tona- 
wanda,  or  continue  on  by  direct  route  to  the   Susp,n^m 

Bridge,  20  miles. 

At  the  Suspension  Bridge,  or  Niagara  City,  the  New  \orlt 
Central  Railroad  cars  connect  with  the  trair.s  running  on  the 
BofTulo,  matrara  Falls,  ami  Uwiston  Railrond,  forming  a 
throu'rh  line  of  travel  from  Lake  Erie  to  Lake  Ontario,  on  the 
Amerrean  side  of  the  Niagara  River,  length  28  miles,  connect- 
ing with  steamors  running  on  Lake  Ontario. 

The  Erie  and  Ontario  Railroad,  on  the  Canada  side  of  the 
river,  extends  from  Chippewa  to  Niagara,  C.  W.,  length  h 
n^Uos;  also  connecting  with  steamers  running  to  Toronto  n.^  | 
other  i)orts  on  L.ko  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence  River.         I 

The  Crmt  ll'estan  RailuHn/,o{ Cmmln,  commencing  nt th 
c....„..„-.n  Bn.lcre.  a'so  connects  with  the  New  York  Central] 
'  '  '  ••   B  of  travel  to  Hamilton,  ToroDui. 


Railroad,  forming  the  great 

Detroit,  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  t\xB  Far  m^t 

Niagara  Faij 
Uig  public,  whore 


attraction 
thousands  annually  resort 


for  the  travel- 


to  admire  one 


of 


WESTERN    TOUR. 


107 


the  most  stupendous  works  of  nature,  must  be  seen  to  be  truly 
appreciated.  In  the  immediate  vicinity,  on  both  sides  of  the 
mighty  cataract,  are  to  bo  found  several  wcU-kept  hotels,  for 
tlie  aceommolation  of  visitors. 

The  Railroads  diverging  from  Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls 
altogether  aiford  the  most  speedy  and  direct  communication, 
both  east  and  west,  and  north  and  south,  as  well  as  to  every 
part  of  Canada. 
^^  For  a  further  description  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence 
I  River,  together  with  the  cities,  villages,  etc.,  on  their  banks, 
see  «-Tkip  THRoirr^H  the  Lakks  and  St.  Lawrknck 
RivKR,"  published  by  J.  Distuknell,  333  Broadway,  New 
York. 


.-fl 


RAILROAD 
FALO  T( 


Tiis  most  us 

of  Xingara,  an 

the  Bujfalo,  ,M 

in  length.     It 

Falls,  22  miles 

the  Great  Wost( 

ton,  the  head  o] 

Anievlciin  n.m 

ton  several  time 

the  St.  LawrciK 

There  is  also 

Stoamboat,  dcs 

i  Chippewa,  C.  W 

mill's  in  length ; 

House,  thrcp  m 

miles;  Qnoensto 

thirty.fivo  miles 

As  the  Steam 

view  may  ba  nht 

'^iver.    On  tho 

'  niins  of  old  Foi 

^^14.    It  is  situ 


HAILROAD  AND  STEAMBOAT  ROUTES  FROI  BUF- 
FALO TO  NIAGARA  FALLS,  TORONTO,  ETC. 


Ths  most  usual  mode  of  conveyance  from  Buflfalo  to  the  Falls  ; 
of  Niagara,  and  thcnco  to  Lake  Ontario,  or  into  Canada,  is  by 
t!ic  Bujfalo,  .Viagaru  Falls  and  Lewiston  Railroad,  28  miles 
in  length.    It  runs  tlirough  Tonawanda,  11  miles;  Niagara  , 
tails,  22  miles;  Suspension  Bridge,  21  miles,  connecting  wit-b  . 
the  Great  Western  Eailway  of  Canada,  and  terminates  at  Lewi^- 
ton,  the  head  of  navigation  on  Niagara  River,  28  miles. 

American  and  Canadian  steamers  of  a  largo  class  leave  Lewis- 
ton  several  times  daily,  for  different  ports  on  Lake  Ontario  and  1 
the  St.  Lawrence  River. 

There  is  also  another  very  dcsiuible  mode  of  conveyance,  by 
Steamboat,  descending  the  Niagara  River,  from  Buffalo  to  . 
<^l'>rpowa,  C.  W.,  thcnco  by  tho  Erie  and  Ontario  Railroad,  17 
m^les  in  length ;  passing  in  full  view  of  tho  Fa'ls,  to  the  Clifton 
Mouse,  tlireo  miles  bolow  Chippewa;   Suspension  Bridge,  five 

j  ""li's;  Qnccnston,  eleven  miles,  terminating  at  Niagara,  C.  W.. 

*  tliirty.fi vo  miles  from  Buffalo. 

'Vs  the  Steamboat  leaves  Buffalo  on  tho  latter  route,  a  flno  * 

1  View  niiiu  lin  rtiifn.'nn.i  ^e  t  _i._  •£,_.•_  t  ,    ..     .  -  _.. 

j  "•■  " '"-■'  '-•^  }-i:ir.-c  ir.rio  anu  Dotn  snorC'S  01"  ISlngara 

'^'ver.  On  the  Canada  side,  tho  first  object  of  interest  are  tho 
rums  of  old  Fout  Erif;,  captured  by  tho  Americans  July  8d, 
'814.    It  is  situp.tetl  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  opposite  the  site  of  a 


f  ?8 

'I 


'   i| 


110 


BUFFALO    TO 


KIAOARA    FALLS,    KTC. 


strong  fortress  which  the  United  States  government  have  recent- 
ly  erected  for  the  protection  of  the  river  and  the  city  of  Buffalo, 
Waterloo,  C.  W.,  three  miles  below  Buffalo  and  opposite 
Black  Rock  (now  a  part  of  Buffalo),  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  steam-ferry,  is  handsomely  situated  on  the  west  side  of 
Niagara  River,  which  is  here  about  half  a  mile  wide,  The 
Buffalo  and  Lake  Huron  Railroad  runs  from  Fort  Erie,  near 
Waterloo,  to  I^aris,  C.  W.,  where  it  connects  with  the  Great 
Western  Railway  of  Canada.  It  is  now  completed  to  Stratford, 
116  miles,  will  soon  be  finished  to  Goderich,  lying  on  L.  Huron, 

Grand  Island,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  is  passed  on 
the  right  in  descending  the  river.  It  is  a  large  and  valuable 
tract  of  good  land,  abounding  with  white  oak  of  a  superior 
quality 

Navy  Island,  belonging  to  the  British,  is  next  pnssed,  lying 
within  gunshot  o^'  the  mainland.  This  island  obtained  great 
notoriety  in  the  fall  and  winter  of  1837-8,  when  it  was  occupied 
by  the  "  Patriots,"  as  they  were  styled,  during  the  troubles  in 
Canada.  The  steamer  Caroline  was  destroyed  on  the  night  of 
December  29th,  1837,  while  lying  at  Schlosser's  Landing,  on  the 
American  shore,  having  been  engaged  in  transporting  persons  to 
and  from  the  island,  which  was  soon  after  ev.icuated. 

Opposite  Navy  Island,  on  the  Canaila  side,  near  Chippewa  bat- 
tle-ground, is  the  house  in  which  Capt,  Usher  resided  when  mur- 
der^ in  1838.  It  is  supposed  he  fell  by  the  hands  of  some  of  the 
deluded  patriots,  having  been  shot  by  a  secret  foe,  while  in  Iiis 
own  house. 

Chippewa,  20  miles  below  Buffalo  and  two  miles  above  the 
Falls,  is  on  the  west  side  of  Niagara  River,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  which  is  navigable  to  Port  Roiuncon, 
some  eight  or  ten  miles  west ;  the  latter  place  being  on  the  line 
of  the  Welland  Canal.  The  village  of  Chippewa  conta ins  a  popu- 
lation of  about  1 ,000  souls.  Steamboats  and  lake  craft  of  a  lurj:;! 
size  are  built  at  this  place  for  the  trade  of  Lake  Krio  nnil  tiie 
Upper  Lakes.  It  has  obtained  a  place  in  history  on  account  of 
the  bloody  battle  which  was  fought  near  it  in  tlie  war  of  181':. 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  Tlio  battle  wii« 
fouglit  t  a  the  oth  of  July,  1814,  on  the  plains  a  short  distnnu' 
south  of  the  steamboat  landing.  The  American  forces  were 
commanded  by  Major  Gen,  Jacob  Brown,  and  the  British,  by 
Major  (lieneral  Riall,  who,  after  an  obstinate  and  sanguinary 
fight,  was  defeated  with  considerable  loss. 


BUFFALO    TO    NIAGARA   FALLS,    ETC. 


Ill 


At  Chippewa  commences  the  railroad  extending  to  Niagara, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  a  distance  of  17  miles.  Stcamboata 
continue  the  line  of  travel  from  both  ends  of  this  road,  thus  fur- 
nishing an  interesting  and  speedy  conveyance  between  Lakes 
Erie  and  Ontario. 

On  arriving  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  the 
cars  stop  near  the  Clifton  House,  situated  near  the  ferry,  lead- 
ing to  the  American  side.  The  site  of  this  house  was  chosen  as 
giving  the  best  view  of  both  the  American  and  Canadian  or 
Ilorse-Slioe  Falls,  which  are  seen  from  the  piazzas  and  front- 
windows. 

In  addition  to  the  Falls,  there  are  other  points  of  attraction 
on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river.  The  collection  of  curiosities  at 
tlie  Museum,  and  the  Camera  Obscura,  which  gives  an  exact  and 
beautiful,  though  miniature  image  of  the  Falls,  are  well  worthy 
of  a  visit.  The  Burning  Sprifia;,  two  miles  above  the  Falls,  is 
also  much  frequented ;  and  tho  rides  to  the  battle-grounds 
m  this  vicinity  make  an  exhilarating  and  very  pleasant  ex- 
cursion.   For  further  description  of  Falls,  see  page  21 1. 

Drummondsville,  one  mile  west  of  the  Falls,  and  situated 
on  Lundy's  Lane,  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of  another  sanguin- 
ary engagement  between  the  American  and  British  forces. 
July  25,  1814. 

The  following  is  a  brief,  though  correct  account  of  the  engage- 
ment.   "  On  the  afternoon  of  the  above  day,  while  the  American 
army  was  on  their  march  from  Fort  George  toward  Fort  Erie, 
ascending  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  their  rear  guard,  under 
tlie  immediate  command  of  Gen.  Scott,  was  attacked  by  the 
advanced  guard  of  the  British   army  under  Gen.  IHall,  the 
British  having  been  reinforced  nfter  their  defeat  at  Chippewa, 
on  the  5th  of  the  same  month.     This  brought  on  a  general  con- 
flict of  the  most  obstinate  and  deadly  character.     As  soon  as 
attaclied,  Gen  Scott  advanced  with  his  division,  amounting  to 
about  3,000  men,  to  the  open  ground  facing  the  heights  occupied 
by  the  main  British  army,  where  were  planted  several  heavy 
pieces  of  cinnon.     Between  eight  and  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
on  the  arrival  of  reinforcements  to  l)oth  armies,  the  battle  be- 
came general  and  raged  for  several  liours,  with  alternate  success 
on  lK)th  sides ;  each  army  evincing  the  most  determined  bravery 
and  resistance.    The  command  of  the  respective  forces  was  now 
assumed  by  Maj.  Gen.  Brown  and  Lieut.  Gen.  Drummond,  each 
having  under  his  command  a  well-disciplined  army.     The  brave 
(American)  Col.  Miller  was  ordered  to  advance  and  seize  the 
artillery  of  the  British,  which  ho  eifocted  at  the  point  of  the 
bayonet  in  i  ho  most  gallant  manner.     Gen.  lliall,  of  the  English 
army,  wag  captured,  and  the  possession  of  the  battle-ground  con- 
tMted  until  near  midnight,  when  1,700  men  being  cither  killed 


"m 


'w} 


h 


112 


BUFFAIO    TO    NIAGARA    FALLS.    ETC. 


I'fi 


or  wotmded,  the  conflicting  armies,  amounting  altogether  to 
about  6,000  strong,  ceased  the  deadly  conflict,  and  for  a  tiino 
the  bloody  field  was  left  unoccupied,  except  by  the  dead  and 
wounded.  When  the  British  discovered  that  the  Americans  had 
encamped  one  or  two  miles  distant,  they  returned  and  occupied 
their  former  position.|  Thus  ended  one  of  the  most  bloody  con- 
flicts that  occurred  during  the  last  war ;  and  while  each  party 
boasted  a  victory,  altogether  too  dearly  bought,  neither  was  dis- 
posed to  renew  the  conflict," 

Clifton  is  k  nev?  and  flourishing  village,  situated  at  the 
western  termination  of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  where  it 
connects  with  the  Suspension.  Bridge.  For  description  of 
route  to  Detroit,  etc.,  see  page  150. 

QuEENSToN,  situated  seven  miles  below  the  Falls,  and  about 
the  same  distance  above  the  entrance  of  Niagara  River  into  Lake 
Ontario,  lies  directly  opposite  the  village  of  Lewiston,  -nitli 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  suspension  bridge  850  feet  in  lengtli, 
It  contains  about  500  inhabitants,  60  dwelling-houses,  one 
Episcopal,  one  Scotch  Presbyterian,  and  one  Baptist  chureli, 
four  taverns,  four  stores,  and  three  warehouses.  This  place  13 
also  celebrated  as  being  the  scene  of  a  deadly  strife  between  tlie 
American  and  British  forces,  Oct.  13,1 812.  The  American  troops 
actually  engaged  in  the  fight  were  commanded  by  Gen.  Solomon 
Van  Rensselaer,  and  both  the  troops  and  their  commander 
greatly  distinguished  themselves  for  their  bravery,  altliougli 
ultimately  overpowered  by  superior  numbers.  In  attempting  to 
regain  their  own  side  of  the  river  many  of  the  Americans 
perished,  the  whole  loss  in  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners 
amounting  to  at  least  1 ,000  men. 

Major  Gen.  Brock,  the  British  commander,  was  killed  in  the 
middle  of  the  fight,  while  leading  on  his  men.  A  new  monumont 
stands  on  the  heights,  near  whei'ehe  fell,  erected  to  his  mcniorj', 
The  first  monument  was  nearly  destroyed  by  gunpowder.  April 
17,  1840  ;  an  infamous  act,  said  to  have  been  perpetrated  by  a 
person  concerned  in  the  insurrection  of  1837-38. 

Brock's  new  Monumfnt  was  commenced  in   1853,  and 

finished  in  1856;  being  185  feet  high,  ascended  on  the  inside  by 

a  spiral  staircase  of  235  stone  steps.     The  base  is  40  feet  square 

and  35  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  tablet  35  feet  higli.wtb 

historical  devices  on  the  four  sides.    The  main  shaft,  about  100 

1„Vli 


._  1 _. _t«J  V— 


is  placed  a  colossal  figure  of  Major  General  Brock,  18  feet  in 
height.  This  beautiful  structure  cost  £10,000  sterling,  being 
entirely  constructed  of  a  cream-colored  stone  quarried  in  th« 


BUFFALO    TO    NIAGARA    FALLS,    ETC. 


113 


vicinity.    A  massiye  stone  wall,  80  feet  square,  adorned  with 
military  figures  and  trophies  at  the  corners,  27  feet  in  height, 
surrounds  the  monument,  leaving  space  for  a  grass-plot  and 
walk  on  the  inside  of  the  inclosure. 
The  following  is  the  inscription : 

Upper  Canada  has  dedicated  this  Monument 
to  the  memory  of  the  late 
Major-General  Sir  Isaac  Bhock,  K.B., 
Provisional  Lieut.-Governor  and  Commander  of  the  Forces  in  this  Province 
wliose  remains  are  deposited  in  the  vault  beneath.  ' 

Opposinicr  the  invading  enemy  he  fell  in  action,  near  the  Heighta. 
on  the  13tb  October,  ISl  >,  in  the  43d  vear  of  his  age, 
Kevered  and  lamented  by  the  people  whom  he  governed,  and  deplored  bv 
the  sovereign  to  whose  service  his  life  had  been  devoted; 

The  last  words  of  Major  General  Brock,  when  he  fell  mortally 
wounded  by  a  musket-shot  through  the  left  breast,  were,  «•  Never 
mind,  my  boys,  the  death  of  one  man— I  have  not  long  to  live  " 
Thus  departed  one  of  the  many  noble  spirits  that  were  sacrificed 
on  this  frontier  during  the  war  of  1812. 

The  village  of  Niagara  is  advantageously  situated  on  the 
Canada  side,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  into  Lake  Ontario, 
directly  opposite  Fort  Mas;ara,  on  the  American  side.     It  con- 
tains about   3,000  inhabitants;   a  court-house  and  jail ;   one 
Episcopal,  one  Presbyteri.in,  one  Methodist,  and  one  Roman 
Catholic  church  ;  ten  hotels  and  taverns,  and  twenty  stores  of 
different  kinds ;  also,  an  extensive  locomotive  and  car  factory 
This  is  tlie  most  noted  place  in  Canada  West  for  building  steam- 
boats and  other  craft  navigating  Lake  Ontario.     Here  is  a  dock- 
yard with  a  marine  railway  and  foundry  attached,  capable  of 
making  machinery  of  the  largest  description,  and  giving  employ- 
ment to  a  great  number  of  men.     It  is  owned  by  the  "  Niagara . 
Uock  Company."    Steamers  leave  daily  for  Toronto,  etc. 

loRT  George,  situated  a  short  distance  south  or  up-streama  j 
fiom  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  now  in  ruins.     This  was  the-j 
scene  of  a  severe  contest  in  1813,  in  which  the  Americans  were  • ' 
Victorious.     A  now  fort  has  been  erected  on  the  point  of  land  at . 
1 10  mouth  of  the  river,  directly  opposite  old  Fort  J\l<i^ara  on 
tlie  American  side.    The  new  fortilication  is  called  Fort  Massa-  ■ ' 

The  whole  frontier  on  the  Canada  side,  from  Fort  George  to  . 
f  ort^Erie,  opposite  Buffalo,  was  occupied  by  the  American  army  ■ 
in  1H14,  when  occurred  a  succession  of  battles  of  the  moat  de- 
termined and  brilliant  character. 


NIAGARA    RIVER, 

ITS  EAPIDS,  PALLS,  ISLANDS,  AND  ROMANTIC  SCENERY 


"  Majestic  stream !  what  river  rivals  thee, 
Thou  child  of  many  lakes,  and  sire  of  one— 
Lakek  that  claim  kindred  with  the  all-circling  sea- 
Large  at  thy  birth  as  when  thy  race  is  run ! 
Against  what  great  obstructions  hast  thou  won 
Thine  august  way— the  rock-formed  mountain-plain 
Has  opened  at  thy  bidding,  and  the  steep 
Bars  not  thy  passage,  for  the  ledge  in  vain 
Stretches  across  the  channel — thou  dost  leap 
Sublimely  down  the  height,  and  urge  again 
Thy  rock-embattlcd  course  on  to  '!'.■)  distant  main." 

■  This  most  remarkable  and  romantic  stream,  the  outlet  of 
•Lake  Erie,  through  which  flows  all  the  accumulated  waters  of 
the  Upper  Lakes  of  North  America,  very  appropriateiy  forms 
the  boundary  between  two  great  countries,  the  British  provinca 

•  of  Upper  Canada  on  the  one  side,  and  the  State  of  New  York, 
the  "  Empire  State"  of  the  Union,  on  the  opposite  side.    In  its 

'.  whole  course,  its  peculiar  character  is  quite  in  keeping  with 
1  the  stupendous  Cataract  from  which  its  principal  interest  is 

•  derived. 

The  amount  of  water  passing  through  this  channel  is  im- 
rvTaenae ;  from  a  computation  which  has  been  made  at  the  outlet 
b'Of  Lake  Eric,  the  quantity  thus  discharged  is  about  twenty 
1  inillior^  of  cubic  feet,  or  nr     rd  of  600,000  tons  per  minute, 

•  all  o(  which  great  volume  of  water,  20  miles  below,  plunges 
■  over  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 

The  Niagara  River  commences  at  Bird  Island,  nearly  opposite 

'■  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  harbor,  and  passes  by  the  slle  of  old  Fort 

Erie  and  Waterloo  on  the  Canada  side.    At  the  latter  place  a 

,••  steam  ferry-boat  plies  across  the  river  to  Black  Rock,  now  form- 

iing  a  part  of  the  city  of  Buffalo.    It  is  here  proposed  to  con- 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


115 


struct  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  stream,  about  1 ,800  feet  in 
width. 

Squaw  Islanb  and  Strawberry"  Island  are  both  small 

islands  lying  on  the  American  side  of  the  stream,  near  the  head 

of  Grand  Island     The  river  is  here  used  in  part  for  the  Erie 

Canal,  a  pier  extending  from   Squaw  Island  to  Bird  Hand, 

I  forming  a  large  basin  called  Black  Rock  Harbor. 

Graxd  Island,  attached  to  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  a  large  and 

I  important  body  of  land,  about  ten  miles  long  from  north  to 

>  south,  and  seven  miles  wide.    This  island  is  partly  cleared  and 

I  cultivated,  while  the  larger  portion  is  covered  with  a  large 

growth  of  oaks  and  other  forest  trees. 

Tlie  ship  or  steamboat  channel  runs  along  the  bank  of 

I  Grand  Island  to  nearly  opposite  Chippewa,  where  the  whole 

-iream  unites  before  plunging  over  tlie  Falls  of  Niagara,  being 

I  again  separated  at  the  head  of  Goat  Island.    I'rom  this  point 

the  are-struck  traveler  can  scan  the  quiet  waters  above,  and 

I  tlie  raging  rapids  below,  preparing  to  plunge  over  the  cataract. 

Ca/uga  Island  and  BuckhorxN  Island  are  small  bodies 

I  of  land  belonging  to  the  United  States,  situated  immediately 

I  below  Grand  Island. 

Navy  Island,  lying  opposite  the  village  of  Chippewa,  18 
I  miles  below  the  head  of  the  river,  is  a  celebrated  island  belong- 
ing to  the  Canadians,  having  been  taken  possession  of  by  the 
sympathizing  patriots  in  1837,  when  a  partial  rebelUon  occurred 
I  in  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 

ToNAWANDA,  1 1  miles  below  Buffalo,  is  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  Tonawanda  Creek,  opposite  Grand  Island.  The  Erie  Canal 
tere  enters  the  creek,  which  it  follows  for  several  miles  on  its 
course  toward  Lockport.  A  railroad  also  runs  to  Lockport, 
connecting  with  the  Miv  York  Central  liailroad,  extending 
I  to  Albany.  A  ship  canal  is  proposed  to  be  constructed  from 
iawauda  to  some  eligible  polut  on  Lake  Ontario,  thus  form- 
|ing  a  rival  to  the  Welland  Canal  of  Canada. 

SrHLOssER's  Landing,  two  miles  above  Niagara  Falls  village, 
5s  a  noted  steamboat  landing,  opposite  C  ?ppewa,  from  whence 


116 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


the  steamer  Caroline  was  cut  adrift  by  the  British  and  de- 
stroyed, by  being  precipitated  over  the  Falls  during  the  Ca- 
nadian rebellion,  Decembtr  29th,  1837. 

The  Rapids. — Below  Navy  Island,  between  Chippewa  and 
Schlosser,  the  river  is  nearly  three  miles  in  width,  but  soon 
narrows  to  one  mile,  when  the  Rapids  commence,  and  continue 
for  about  one  mile  before  reaching  the  edge  of  the  precipice  at 
the  Ilorse-Shoe  Fall. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  Rapids  "  the  bed  of  the  river 
declines,  the  channel  contracts,  numerous  large  rocks  heave  up 
the  rolling  surges,  and  dispute  the  passage  of  the  now  ragiug 
and  foaming  floods.  The  mighty  torrent  leaping  down  succes- 
sive ledges,  dashing  over  opposing  elevations,  hurled  back  bj 
ridges,  and  repelled  from  shores  and  islands— plunging,  boiling, 
roaring — seems  a  mad  wilderness  of  waters  striving  against  its 
better  fate,  and  hurried  on  to  destruction  by  its  own  blind  and 
reckless  impetuosity.  Were  there  no  cataract,  these  Rapids 
■would  yet  make  Niagara  the  wonder  of  the  world." 

Iris,  or  Goat  Island,  commences  near  the  head  of  tie 
Rapids,  and  extends  to  the  precipice,  of  which  it  forms  a  part, 
separating  the  American  Fall  from  the  Canadian  or  Horse-Shoe 
Fall.  It  is  about  half  a  mile  in  length,  eighty  rods  wide,  and 
contains  over  sixty  acres  of  arable  land,  being  for  the  most  part 
covered  with  a  heavy  growth  f^^  forest  trees  of  a  variety  of 
species,  and  native  plants  and  howers.  A  portion  of  the  island, 
however,  has  been  cleared  ofiF,  and  a  garden  inclosed,  in  whieh 
are  some  excellent  fruit  trees,  and  a  variety  of  native  and 
foreign  plants  and  flowers,  and  a  fish-pond.  Tbe  island  is  re- 
markably cool,  shady,  and  pleasant,  and  is  an  object  of  unceas- 
ing admiration  from  year  to  year.  Comfortable  seats  and 
arbors  are  placed  at  the  most  interesting  points,  where  tlie 
visitor  can  sit  at  ease  and  enjoy  the  beautiful  and  sublime 


flnnftiniTH)' 


Vi'O.VS    piCS-OULCCi     LU    ills    Clgllt Vit-.-n    Cilvidiit-CM.     r.'j    «■ 

roar  of  mighty  waters  in  their  descent,  often  accompanied  by 
changing  rainbows  of  t'e  most  gorgeous  description. 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


in 


NIAGARA. 

WRITTEN    BY    LYDIA   H.    SIGOURNEY. 
Flow  on  forever,  in  thy  glorious  robe 
Of  terror  and  of  beauty ;  God  hath  set 
His  rainbow  on  thy  forehead,  and  the  cloud 
Mantles  around  thy  feet,  and  Ue  doth  give 
Thy  voice  of  thunder  power  to  speak  of  Ilira 
Eternally ;  bidding  the  lip  of  man 
Keep  silence,  and  upon  thy  rocky  altar 
Pour  incense  of  awe-struck  praise. 

Goat  Island  Bridge.— The  Niagara  Falls   Gazette  gives 
[  the  following  description  of  this  new  structure : 

"  This  bridge  across  the  east  branch  of  the  Niagara  River  is 
situated  in  the  Rapids,  about  sixty  rods  above  the  Cataract,  on 
the  site  of  the  o  d  wooden  bridge.  It  is  3G0  feet  long,  and  con- 
sists  of  four  arches  of  ninety  feet  span  each,  supported  between 
the  abutments  of  three  piers.  The  piers  above  water  are  built 
of  heavy  cut  stone,  and  are  twenty-two  feet  long  and  six  feet 
wide,  tapering  one  foot  in  the  height.  The  foundations  are 
formed  of  foot-square  oak  timber,  strongly  framed  and  bolted 
together  m  cribs,  filled  with  stone,  and  covered  with  timber  at 
he  surface  of  the  water.  These  timber-foundations  are  pro- 
tected against  wear  and  injury  from  ice  by  heavy  plates  of  iron. 
and  being  always  covered  with  water,  will  be  as  durable  as  the 
stone. 

_  "  The  superstructure  is  of  iron,  on  the  plan  of  Whipple's 
iron-arched  bridge.  The  whole  width  is  twenty-seven  feet, 
aifordmg  a  double  carriage-way  of  sixteen  and  a  half  feet,  and 
two  foot-ways  of  five  and  a  fourth  feet  each,  with  iron  railings. 
Ihe  arches  are  of  cast  iron,  and  the  chords,  suspenders,  and 
braces  of  wrought  iron.  All  the  materials  used  in  the  construe- 
tion  are  of  the  best  quality,  and  the  size  and  strength  of  all  the 
par  s  tar  beyond  what  are  deemed  necessary  in  bridges  exposed 
to  the  severest  tests.  &         f    ^^ 

•'This substantial  and  beautiful  structure,  spanning  a  branch 
of  this  majestic  nver  in  the  midst  of  the  rapids,  and  overlook- 
ng  he  cataract,  is  worthy  of  the  site  it  occupies,  and  affords 
ob"^cTes"fnX:  '''  *"""^^  ''  '""^'^  ^"Souuity  over  the 
Zl^^  '"If  ^"^  connected  by  this  bridge  with  the  American 

mrinT^t  )■  P^Pf  ^y  ""^  ^^''''^'-  P«^^«^'  '^"'l  constitute  the 
h.?^.^-''i'"^  features  m  the  scenery  surrounding  the  cata- 
iract.    ihis  bridge  has  been  erected  by  them  to  facilitate  com- 


118 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


munioation  with  these  interesting  localities  not  otherwise  ac- 
cessible." 

This  is  a  toll-bridge,  every  foot  passenger  being  charged  25 
cents  for  the  season,  or  single  crossing. 

There  are  upward  of  thirty  islands  and  islets  in  the  Niagara 
River  or  Strait,  above  the  cataract.  Most  of  those  not  described 
are  small,  and  scarcely  worthy  of  enumeration,  although  those 
immediately  contiguous  to  Goat  Island  form  beautiful  objects  in 
connection  witji  the  rushing  and  mighty  waters  by  which  tlioy 
are  surrounded.  Sath  Island,  Bris  Island,  Chapiii's  IslumI, 
and  Bird  Island,  all  situated  immediately  above  the  Amoric.in 
Fall,  are  reached  by  bridges. 

When  on  Goat  Island,  turning  to  the  right  toward  the  Full?, 
the  first  object  of  interest  is  Hofrn's  Back,  a  point  of  land  fnc- 
ing  tho  American  Fall,— Bridge  to  Adington  Island  immcdiatoly 
above  tho  Cave  of  the  Winds,  100  feet  below.  Sam.  Piiteh's 
Point  is  next  passed  on  the  right,  from  which  he  took  a  fonrfiil 
leap  some  years  since.  Biddle's  Stairs  descend  to  tho  Wiiters 
edge  below  and  the  Cdve  of  the  Winds,  which  are  annuall,'' 
visited  by  thousands  of  visitors.  Terrapin  Bridge  and  Torr.npin 
Tower  afford  a  grand  view  of  the  Canadian  or  Ilorse-Shoe  Full 
and  Rapids  above  the  Falls.  Three  Sister  Islands  are  contif^iinii- 
to  Goat  Island,  on  tho  American  side.  Passing  around  <<ni! 
Island  toward  the  south,  a  grand  view  is  afforded  of  tho  rivoT 
and  rapids  above  the  Canadian  and  American  Falls. 


CATAEiiCT  OF  NIAGARA.. 

••Plirlnp  of  Omnlpotonco!  how  vnut,  how  grand, 
How  nwful.  yet.  how  hcnulifnl  tliou  urti 
rninr'd  aronnil  (hy  cvcrlnMlntf  hills, 
liolx'd  In  tho  drapory  of  dciicendlng  floods, 
tTowncd  by  iho  rniiii>o»»,  I'liiiopicii  l>y  cioiidi 
Thnt  roll  In  InconNO  up  froiTi  thy  drond  base, 
Illd  hy  thoir  mnntlinK  o'or  the  vast  al>ys.s 
Upon  whose  vcrgo  thou  stande.st,  wheure  asceuda 
The  niiehty  anthem  of  thy  Maker's  praise, 
Ilynji'dla  t'k'riial  UtunUert  /" 


biorwise  ac- 


^1 


( 

I      »!.. 


ll'l. 


% 

^^g 

'-'i 

^^li'^':ii 

J^^'^;^^- 

„:■>'* 

^'^^^^^n^Boas 

1 


:M^ 


,.-'»^tei5^?:n-^::'-Tw^ 


'"■  *^«««*H  PALI.  «v  MOO^fUa 


^aiE"-=3h?* 


lo  bclitrvo,  howeV( 
tlie  Iroquois,  and ! 

"When  the  tn 

ni:(l  gazes,  and  is 

water  which  forr 

Micliigjin,  Huron, 

pice  1(jO  feet  high 

be  heard,  in  favor 

miles,  though,  at 

without  peroeivinj 

the  vicinity.     In  c 

pal  wei;,'ht  of  wate 

is  called  tho  Horst 

priate,  as  tho  edgi 

I  find  forma  a  mode 

fall.  Gout  Island, 

the  precipice,  divi 

[projwtiiig  mnssof 

Atiiericau  shore,  aj 

I.-'Iand,  at  the  lower 

I  extending;  from  the 

j  has  been  cdiistract 

I  niiJ  another  connec 

I  erected  on  the  bro' 

jOoat  Island  by  a  si 

Nandover  the  edge 

Itiiieviowof  thiapa; 

I  American  shore  to 

ront  Island  ia  78 

jUnadiun  side,  144 

pis.    Tho  height  c 

Ifcct;  nearOoatlslf 

I  Island,  on  the  Cana 


CATARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


119 


jIAGARA  is  a  word  of  Indian  origin— the 
'  orthography,  accentuation  and  meaning 
of  which  are  variously  given  by  diflferent 
authors  It  is  highly  probable  that  this 
diversity  might  be  accounted  for  and 
explained  by  tracing  the  appellation 
through  the  dialects  of  the  several  tribes 
of  aborigines  who  formerly  inhabited  tlie 

neighboring  country.     There  is  reason 

to  behe.0,  however,  that  the  etymon  belongs  to  the  language  of 
die  Iroquois,  and  signifies  the  "  T/iuwler  of  Waters." 

"When  the  traveler  first  arrives  at  the  cataract*  he  stands 
ni:d  gazes,  and  is  lost  in  admiration.  The  mi-1  tv  volun.r  f 
water  which  forms  the  outlet  of  tlio  tr-oof  i  i^  ^olume  of 
Michigan,  Huron,  and  ErL.  s  here  S?eS  t-L  l'^^''  ^"P""""' 
pice  IGO  feet  high,  with  a'^a?  it^^TtSer^whK^^^ 

without  giving  Tcht  Lt\tra'trto"nX£Xrrt1n 
tlie  vicinuy.     In  consequence  of  a  bend  in  the  riv^^t  *l  ! ri-     • 


full 


the_  precipice.  di.^dT^g       l-i^er^to  ^wjri'"  Tl  ^^"^^  1, 

orccted  on  tho  brow  of  tl  e    lorlo  ShooFll        '  ""'^  ?  *?^"" '« 
Coatlslnnd  by  a  short  brwio  on  S.  ,?   '  "PP'*«"*'J»ed  from 

lunadian  side   144'rnHa.  T;.iT.Vi  i'"""  ""^®;°^^"  *'""•  »»  the 


vtj 


]20 


CATAKACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


projection  on  the  Cjinf.dian  side,  at  the  edge  of  the  precipice,  u 
150  feot  high.  This  phxce  is  generally  thought  to  present  the 
finest  vicAv  of  the  Falls ;  though  if  the  spectator  will  visit  the 
tower  on  the  opposite  side  on  Goat  Island,  at  sunrise,  when  tlie 
whole  cavity  is  enlightened  by  the  sun,  and  the  gorgeous  Iwv 
trembles  in  the  rising  spi-ay,  he  can  iiot  elsewhere,  thewdv'.l 
over,  enjoy  such  an  incomparable  scene.  A  covered  stairwuy 
on  the  American  side  descends  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  ot  the 
precipice. 

"  It  has  been  computed  that  100  million  tons  of  water  are  d!;. 
charged  over  the  precipice  every  hour.  I'he  Rapids  coiiiinsiiM 
about  a  mile  afeovc  the  Falls,  and  the  water  descends  57  lo.'t  be- 
fore it  arrives  at  the  cataract.  The  view  from  the  brid^'e  to 
Goat  Island,  of  the  troubled  water  dnsliing  turaultuously  over 
the  rocks  of  the  American  fall,  is  tcrrifi.  Wiiile  curio.s'.ty  oi-n- 
Btitutcs  an  attribute  of  the  human  chara.  ler,  those  falls  will  h 
frequented  by  admiring  and  delighted  visitors  as  one  of  the 
grandest  exhibitions  in  nature. 

"This  stupen<1ou3  cataract,  situated  in  N.  lat.  43^  6,'  aii'l  W, 
long.  2"^  0'  from  Washington,  is  twenty-two  miles  north  from  the 
efflux  of  the  river  at  Lake  Erie,  and  fourteen  mdos  south  of  its 
outlet  into  Lake  Ontario.  The  whole  length  of  therjvcrij 
therefore  thirty-six  miles,  its  general  course  is  a  few  points  to 
the  west  of  north.  Though  commonly  called  a  river,  this  por- 
tion of  the  St.  Lawrence  is,  more  properly  speaking,  a  slra:l, 
connecting,  as  above  mentioned,  the  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  mil 
conducting  the  superfluous  waters  of  the  groat  seas  and  streams 
above  though  a  broad  and  divided,  and  afterward  compresseh 
devious,  and  irregular  channel  to  :he  latter  lake,  into  wliiehit 
empties— the  point  of  union  boing  about  forty  miles  from  the 
western  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

"  The  climate  of  the  Niagara  is  in  the  highest  degree  health- 
ful  and  invigorafng.  The  atmosphere,  constantly  acted  u]xii 
by  the  rushing  wf.ter,  the  noise  and  the  spray,  is  kept  pure,  rs' 
freshing,  and  salutary.  There  are  no  stagnant  pools  or  miushi>= 
near  to  send  abroad  their  foetid  exhalations  and  noxious  rauis 
mns,  poisoning  the  air  and  producing  disease. 

"  Bweet-breathing  herbs  and  beautiful  wild  flowers  ppnng 
up  spontaneously  even  on  the  sides,  and  in  the  crcvicos  ofibe 
giant  rocks;  and  luxuriant  clusters  of  tirs  and  other  Ktrttelv 
forest  trees  cover  tho  islands^,  crown  the  dift's,  and  overhang 
the  banks  of  Niagara.  Hero  are  no  mosquitoes  to  annoy,  iio 
reptiles  to  alarm,  and  no  wild  aninmls  to  intimidalo,  yei  iDCy 
is  life  and  vivacity.  Tho  many-hued  butterfly  sips  ainbtwi 
'from  tho  fresh  opened  honey-cup— birds  carol  their  lays  of  lova 

-    -         •  '    the  lively  ."qmrrell 


hos: 

13- 


among   tho  epray-starrod   branches ;   and 
skips  chattering  from  troe  to  tree.    Varict 


arictios  of  water-lowi,  at 


i 

'ecipice,  h 

resent  the 

1  visit  the 

Avlion  the 

geous  boTv 

the  W(.r!! 

I  stiiirwav 

torn  ot  th^; 

Bhuok'b  McKOMsN.".~yue«unon  iieiabts. 


certain  seasons  i 
plays  around  tj 
freedom — hover 
its  curling  raiat, 
its  inaccessible  : 
"  No  place  r,E 
inducementa  to 
known  except  tc 
impossibility  of 
cataract  present 
will  be  some  lioj 
can  be  done,  Nia 

Eelow  the  Fai 

Stairs  and  Point ' 

side  is  a  ferry  ; 

usually  to  be  fot 

Table  Rock,  and 

About  30  rods 

hermit  Abbot  was 

is  Catlin's  Cave,  i 

The  steamboat 

I  on  the  American  s 

a  mile  above  the  i. 

\  boat  of  the  same  i 

[ment  boat  in  .184! 

an  accident  of  any 

I8tli,  1840,  by  Cai 

I  the  only  persons  on 

[desirous  of  crossii 

pafely  landed  on  til 

The  Suspension 

I  America,  is  situate( 

jhas  recently  sprui 

[known  as  the  Su.s 

U'iijhn  on  the  Can; 

[feet  in  width,  with 

Th«  Whirlpool  a 

Iterrific  sights  of  gr( 


3ARARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


121 


.He 


certainsefisonsof  the  year  Annrf  nr»n«  , +i  -j    ., 

fays  around  .„„  frJ^lS  .hTe'^    -S?'Ker  bfX? 

treedora— hovers  above  tho  ontav^ot  ^i  ^       I-    "^"°^^  "^^^  of 

its  curling  mist.,  and  its  -^"''^  ^    '''"'  ^"^ 

its  inaccetsible  idands  home  among  the  giant  firs  of 

iniStrviXff  ^ji^aTa";^  ^-^  ^«-«o-  and 
known  except  to  those^^l  o  see°  and  ^ndy'LT  r''\^'  ^""^ 
impossibility  of  de-^cribinrr  snnh  „  ^  ^'''^'  S"""  *^^  ^"^^^ 
cataract  presents  \henS^t?on1^nn\''^  ^'  t^'  wonderful 
will  be  some  hope  of  immSS  a  f wlf  ^'^^^  ^^  ''^'''  *^^^« 
can  be  done,  ^^S^.2^^!^^::^:^l  '^^  -^^1  tl.at 

Eelow  the  Falls,  tho  first  objects  of  in'-^est  are  the  Ferry 

Sa.rsandPo.ntViowontheAmericanside;Tvhileontheopposit' 
ade  s  a  ferry  and  steamboat  landing,  where  carriages  are 

sually  to  be  found  to  convoy  passengers  to  the  Clifton  House, 
Table  Rock,  and  other  places. 

About  30  rods  below  the  firry  stairs  is  the  spot  where  the 
orunt  Abbot  was  drowned.    Half  a  mile  below  the  latter  point 
18  Cathn  8  Cave,  formerly  much  frequented. 

The  steamboat  landing  for  the  Maid  of  the  Mist  is  situated 

I  on  tae  American  shore  two  miles  below  the  Falls  and  about  half 

a  mile  above  the  Suspension  Bridge.    This  steamer,  the  second 

boat  of  the  same  name,  first  commenced  running  as  an  experi- 

hnent  boat  in  1848;  since  then  she  has  run  annually  without 

sTlHrf  rf^Tr'-     '"'^  '"*  trip  was  made  on  September 

P^th.  846,  by  Capt.  11.  Filkins.  who  with  his  small  crew  were 

lie  only  persons  on  board,  except  an  intrepid  Canadian  who  was 

te,rous  of  crossing  the  river  with  a  horse,  they  both  being 

[  wfely  landed  on  tho  Canadian  shore. 

The  Suspension  Bkibgic,  the  greatest  artificial  curiosity  in 

America,  is  situated  two  miles  and  a  half  below  the  Falls,  where 

|fi>^a  recently  sprung  into  existence  Alagara  City,  or  better 

|wiown  as  the  Su.spmsion  Bri,}irp.  nn  fl,«  a -J^^  ..-j ., 

iCi      ""^        C'^^^'J^'^n  a! Je  of  the  river,  here  being  about  800 
l-w  in  width,  with  perpendicular  banks  of  325  feet. 
I  Tb  Whirlpool  and  Rapith,  one  mile  below  the  Bridge,  are 
lierrific  sights  of  great  interest,  and  well  worthy  a  yiait 


122 


CATARACT    OF   NIAGARA. 


The  JDevirs  Hole,  one  mile  farther  down,  is  also  a  point  of 
gi-eat  attraction,  together  with  the  Bloody  Run,  a  small  stream 
where  a  detachment  of  English  soldiers  were  precipitated  in 
their  tiight  from  an  attack  by  Indians  during  the  old  Frend 
war  in  1759,  An  amphitheater  of  high  ground  spreads  around 
and  perfectly  incloses  the  valley  of  the  Devil's  Hole,  with  tie 
exception  of  a  narrow  ravine  formed  by  Bloody  Fun— from 
which,  against  a  large  force,  there  is  no  escape,  except  over 
the  precipice.  'The  Ice  Cave  is  another  object  of  interest  con- 
nected with  the  De^'i^s  Hole. 

The  Rapids  belouf  the  Whirlpool  are  the  next  object  of  attrac- 
tion; then  Queenstdii  Heights  and  Brock's  Monument  on  the  Ca- 
nadian side,  and  the  Suspension  Bridge  at  Lewiston;  altogether 
forming  objects  of  interest  sufficient  to  fill  a  well-sized  volume, 

The  Niagara  River  is  navigable  from  Lewiston  to  its  mouth  at 
Fort  Niagara,  a  farther  distance  of  seven  miles,  or  fourteen 
below  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 


NEW  STEAMER  MAID  OF  THE  MIST. 

This  steamboat  will  in  future  stop  at  both  the  Ferry  landings, 
on  the  American  and  Canadian  shores.  She  is  of  170  tons  bur- 
den, propelled  by  a  powerful  engine  of  over  100  horse-pow, 
built  expressly  for  this  route,  furnished  with  Francis'  Life-boats, 
and  all  the  modern  improvements.  The  Cabins,  Saloons,  an-! 
Promenade  Deck  extend  over  the  whole  boat,  so  that  passengers 
will  be  completely  protected  from  the  spray ;  now  making  her 
regular  trips  under  the  pilotage  of  J.  R.  Robinson,  the  cele- 
brated navigator  of  the  Rapids  of  Niagara. 

The  pleasure  trip  up  to  the  Falls  would  seem  to  require  little 
to  recommend  it,  as  the  thousands  who  have  repeated  it  in  the  | 
old  boat  can  bear  witness  to  its  great  attractions.  The  novelty, 
beauty,  and  grandeur  of  the  scene  can  not  be  ovcr-cstimat?-: 
passing  as  the  boat  does,  for  two  miles  through  the  gorge  of  tie 
Niagara,  directly  in  front  of  the  New  Railroad  Suspension 
Bridge,  the  American  Fall.  Lunar  Island,  Cave  of  the  Winds,  t« 


CATARACT    OP   }IIAi;ARA. 


123 


the  Great  Horse-Shoe  Falls  and  Table  Rock,  all  of  which  are 
presented  at  one  view  to  the  beholder  in  their  most  sublime  and 
imposing  aspect. 

The  boat  will  run  daily  {Su7idays  excepted),  leaving  Suspen- 
siou  En  Jge  Wharf  morning  and  evening.  The  charge  for  the 
Pleasure  Trip  will  be  50  cents. 

^-  Omnibuses  and  Carriages  run  from  all  the  depots  and 
hotels  in  connection  with  the  boat. 


The  village  of  Niagara  Falls,  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  sit- 
uated on  tU  east  side  of  Niagara  River,  in  the  .immediate  vi- 
cinity of  the  grand  Cataract,  22  miles  from  BuflFalo  and  303 
miles  from  Albany  by  railroad  route.    No  place  in  the  Union 
exceeds  this  favored  spot  as  a  fashionable  place  of  resort  dur- 
ing  the  summer  and  fall  months,  when  hundreds  of  visitors 
may  be  seen  every  day  flocking  to  Goat  Island,  or  points  con- 
tiguous  to  the  Rapids  and  Falls.     The  village  contains  several 
large  hotels  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors,  the  most  noted 
of  which  are  the  Cataract  House  and  the  International  Hotel- 
the  Monteagle  Hotr!,  situated  two  miles  below  the  Falls,  near 
the  Suspension  Bridge,  and  the  Clifton  House,  on  the  Canada 
I  side,  are  all  alike  popular  and  well-kept  hotels;  there  are  five 
!  churches  of  different  denominatioLs ;  15  stores,  in  many  of  which 
are  kept  for  sale  Indian  curiosities  and  fancy  work  of  different 
kinds.     The  water-power  here  afforded    by  the  descending 
stream,  east  of  Goat  Island,  is  illimitable.    A  paper-mill  a 
flourmg-miU,  two  saw-mills,  a  woolen  factory,  a  furnace  aLd^ 
machme  shop,  together  with  other  manufacturing  establish- 
ments,  here  use  the  water-power  so  bountifully  supplied     The 
I  population  is  about  3,000. 

The  railroads  centering  at  the  Falls  are  the  Buffalo,  Alagara 
\/alls  atid  Lewiston  Railroad,  the  jYeto  Vm-k  Central  T?aiL 
\md,!iM  the  Canandaigua  and  JS'iagara  Falls  Railroad, 
thelat(«r  road  connecting  with  the  JVew  York  and  Erie  Rail- 
\road,md  forming  with  other  roads  a  direct  route  to  PhUa 
Nelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Washington 


'    ttJ-xM 


124 


CATARACT    OF   xIIAGARA. 


An  omnibus  line  runs  hourly  from  the  village  of  Niagara 
Falls  to  Niagara  City,  or  Suspension  Bridge,  during  the  sum- 
mer months,  and  thence  to  the  Clifton  House  and  Table  Rod 
on  the  Canada  side,  affording  a  cheap  mode  of  visiting  hoth 
sides  of  Niagara  River. 

Niagara  City,  situated  two  miles  below  tlie  Falls,  at  the 
Suspension  Bridge,  is  a  new  and  flourishing  place.  Here  is  lo- 
cated the  Monteagle  Hotel,  and  other  public  houses,  togelhor 
■with  several  stores  and  manufacturing  establishments. 


DIMENSIONS  OF  SUSPENSION  BKIDGE. 

Length  of  span  from  center  to  center  of  towers.  822  feet. 

Height  of  railroad  track  above  water 250    " 

Height  of  towers  above  rock  on  American  side. .      88    " 
Height  of  towers  above  rock  on  Canada  side ... .      78    " 

Height  of  towers  above  floor  of  railway 60    " 

Number  of  wirs  cables 4  ^ 

Diameter  of  each  cable 10  inches. 

Number  of  wires  in  each  cable 3,659 

Weight  of  superstructure 750  tona. 

Base  of  towers 16  feetsq 

Top  of  towers 8     " 

Depth  of  anchor  pits  below  surface  of  rocks .      30  feet, 

WEIGHT   OF   THE   MATERIALS    IN    THE    BRIDGE. 

Timber  of  different  kinds 919,180  lbs 

Wrought  iron  and  suspenders 113,120    " 

Castings 44,822    '« 

Iron  rails 6(5.740    " 

Cable  between  towers 535,400    " 

Total 1,678,722    « 


The  Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada,  which  unites  -with 
the  New  York  C'utral  Railroad,  terminating  on  the  American 
side  of  the  river,  here  commences  and  extends  westward  through 
Hamilton,  London,  and  Chatham  to  Windsor,  opposite  Detroit, 
Mich.,  forming  one  of  the  great  through  lines  of  travel  froifl 
Boston  and  New  York  to  Chicago  and  the  Far  West. 

Tliis  road  also  furnishes  a  speedy  route  of  travel  to  Toronto, 
CoUingwood,  etc. 


HUOARA   PAILS. 


135 


BATE  OF  CHABGES  AT  NUOAEA  PAI.,8. 
as  other  fashionable  resorts :  '  '"'  ^'  ^^" 

AMERICAN-   SIDE. 

Board,  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  dollars  per  day 

For  servjcos  of  guide,  from  one  to  three  dollars 

For  guide  behind  the  Central  Foil       / 
the  Winds,  one  dollar.  '  """^  ^^'^'^"°  '^'  ^'^^  of 

For  crossing  bridge  to  Goat  Island.  25  cents 

Fare  o  and  from  Suspension  Bridge.  12^  cents. 

Fare  for  crossing  Suspension  Bridge.  25  "cents 

Fare  to  the  Whirlpool.  60  cents 

For  use  of  steps  or  cars  on  Inclined  Plane,  6*  cents 

Ferriage  to  Canada  side,  18|  cents 

Omnibus  fare  and  steam  ferriage  t^  Canada  side,  25  cents. 

CAN-ADA   SIDE. 

Boarf,  from  one  to  two  an-1  a  half  dollars  per  day 

o:::yir  ""'=™' '--  °''--  -- "-™ 

I  W:ot tlt  ""  °'  '"''  '»  ""  ■'"'^■"'  '"^  ^»"  at  TaMe 
Carriage  fare  fro,,,  ferry  to  Clifton  House,  64  e^ats 

o  -pnng,  and  back  to  Terry.  60  to  75  cents 

I  ™.  dollar  °*'  "°™'""-"  »■"  «»«-'»■>  Heigbts, 

Carriage  faro  par  day,  four  dollars. 

kraot.  •""'  °'  '""■"'"'°  """^  '"'d  Wow  the  mighty 


126 


BUFFALO    TO    LEWISTON,    ETC. 


Lewiston,  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  delightfully  situated  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Niagara  River,  seven  miles  below  the  Falls, 
and  seven  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  vrhere  it  falls  into 
Lake  Ontario.     It  is  an  incorporated  village  and  contains  about 
1,000  inhabitants,  four  churches,  an  incorporated  academy;  a 
custom-house,  it  being  the  port  of  entry  for  the  district  of 
Niagara;    three  hotels,  nine  stores,  and    three  storehouses. 
Here  is  a  very  convenient  steamboat  landing,  from   which 
steamers  depart  daily  for  Oswego,  Ogdensburgh,  etc.,  on  the 
American  side,  iand  for  Toronto,  Kingston,  etc.j  on  the  Canadian 
Bide.    The  Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls  and  Lewiston  Railroad  ter- 
minates at  this  place,  where  is  a  magnificent  Suspension  Bridge 
thrown  across  the  Niagara  connecting  Lewiston  with  Quocnston, 
Canada.    The  mountain  ridge  here  rises  about  300  feet  aboTe 
the  river,  forming  many  picturesque  and  romantic  points  of 
great  interest.    On  the  American  side  of  the  river  stands  the 
Bite  of  old  Fort  Gray,  erected  during  the  war  of  1812,  while  on 
the  Canadian  side  are  situated  Queenston  Heights,  surmounted 
by  a  beautiful  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  BroclJ, 
of  the  British  army,  who  was  here  killed  in  a  sanguinary  con- 
flict,  October  13th,  1812.     From  this  height  a  most  extensive 
and  grand  view  is  obtained  of  Lake  Ontario  and  the  surround- 
ing country. 

YouNGSTowN,  six  milos  below  Lewiston,  and  ono  milo  above 
old  Fort  Niagara  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  a  regular  steam- 
boat landing.  The  village  contains  about  800  inhabitants; 
three  churches,  two  public  houses,  five  stores,  and  two  flouring- 
mills,  besides  other  manufacturing  establishments.  A  railroad 
is  nearly  completed,  extending  from  this  place  to  Niagara  Falls. 
being  a  continuation  of  the  Canimilaigua  nnd  Niagara  Fulls 
Railroad,  now  completed  to  tlio  Suspension  Bridge.  A  terrj 
plies  from  Voungstown  to  the  village  of  Niagara  on  the  Canadi 
Bid©  of  the  river,  hero  about  half  a  mile  in  width.  Tins  istw 
first  landing,  on  the  American  side  of  the  river,  after  loavini , 
the  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ontario 


n  )  Scale  of  MUa* 


,1        ,   (« iVittrmmdini;  (Laxcntn^/^^ 


'hi'mifi  nil  titf  flnat  ^-^        ^ 

RO(nn»  OP  nuTHL  *<•. 

NtmTurlt 
n,Mkf*>J  f^/AiunuU  MOC.CCLVII  ^ 


'  IH.iTritaiKU..I'iiUlUl!-.i  lUKl  llPrtUi  mr<VM,l 


ROCmtt  OF  ntATKIi  »<>. 


I  ^nNKU..l^lUlut»■<  luui  iiptiui  mySrs ,6vita  WMHi Ar 


'^h 


This  Lak( 

North  Am&r 

it.  is  190  mi 

being  about 

between  the 

tlirough  the 

Lawrence  to 

I  enters  Canad 

The  lake  is 

of  the  largest 

I  of  600  feet  in 

Atlantic,  and 

is  connected 

in  Canada.    ] 

[on  the  Amerii 

I  great  extent  ( 

jsiderable,  and 

splendid  stean 

lowing  to  its  , 

I  where  the  wat 

I  fectually  inter 

I  The  most  impc 

I  Lake  Ontario  i 

ilton,  and  Nia 

packet's  Harbc 

jistononNiaga 

j  gable  waters  of 

[Erie  canals. 

I  Canadian  and 

Tariety  of  fi.sh  ( 

jfirticuiar,  h&y 

Iqaantitiea     Tli 

I  Great  and  Litt 

|U>e  picturoKjae 


LAKE  ONTAEIO. 

Tms  Lake,  the  most  eastern  of  the  great  chain  of  Lakea  o' 
North  Am^nca  receives  tlie  surplus  waters  of  Niagara  Kivor; 

t^     L";?«n"  '"^'''  '""^  ''  "^^^^^  ^^  -*r«-«  breadth 
^mg  about  480  nules  in  circumference.    The  boundary  lin^ 
between  the  British  Possessions  and   the  United  States  runs 

I  tarough  the  middle  of  the  lake,  and  so  continues  down  the  St 
Lawrence  to  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude,  where  the  river 

I  enters  Canada. 

The  lake  is  navigable  throughout  its  whole  extent  for  vessels 

f  00  feet  in  depth^    It«  surface  is  elevated  234  feet  above  the 
Atlantic  and  lies  330  feet  lower  than  Lake  Erie,  with  which  it 
«  connected  by  the  Niagara  River  and  by  the  Welland  Canal 
m  Canada.    It  has  also  been  proposed  to  construct  a  ship  canal 
ou  the  American  side.    The  trade  of  Lake  Ontario,  from  the 
great  extent  of  inhabited  country  surrounding  it.  is  very  oon- 
.  eraWe.  and  ,s  rapidly  increasing.      Many  sail  vessei^  Id 
splendid  steamers  are  employed  in  navigating  it«  waters  which 
ow.ng  to  its  great  depth,  never  freezts.  ex'oept  TZ^^' 
.here  he  water  is  shallow ;  so  that  its  navigafion  is  not  12 
k.tually  interrupted  by  Ice  as  some  of  the'other  lar^e  iTk  ^ 
he  mos   important  places  on  the  Canadian  or  British  dde  of 

Lt "      fv-  '''  ^'°^'''°'  ^'^"'•«'  ^'''  "«P«'  Toronto.  Ham- 
Iton,  and  Niagara;  on  the  American  shore,  Cape  Vincent 
acket's  Harbor.  Oswego.  Charlotte  or  Port  Genesee,  alirw:  • 

2  on  Niagara  River.     This  lake  is  connected  with  the  navl- 
1  ci:  r     i^  ""^«-f  -  'y  -ans  of  the  0.wego  and 

Can!  ,    .  T'"''       "^'''"^   ''''''^''  botl*   fro^  the 

Canad-an  ana  the  A  .erican  sides,  and  abounds  with  a  great 

l^nety  of  fi.sh  of  an  excellent  flavor.     The  ba«,  „n.l  JJlT 

*«.u.umr.  nave  a  high  reputation,  and  are  taken  in  lar^ 

0^  t  and  Little  8od««,  Mexico.  Black  River.  Chaamont,  and 
U>e  picturcwiue  wat  ?v,  of  the  Bay  of  QuJnte. 


128 


LAKE    ONTARIO. 


The  passage  across  Lake  Ontario  in  calm  weather  is  most 
agreeable.  At  times  both  shores  are  hidden  from  rhyr,  when 
nothing  can  be  seen  from  the  deck  of  the  vessel  but  nn  abysg 
of  waters.  The  refractions  which  sometimes  take  place  in 
summer,  are  exceedingly  beautiful.  Islands  and  trees  appear 
turned  upside  down  ;  and  the  white  surf  of  the  beach,  trans- 
Ir.ted  aloft,  seems  like  the  smoke  of  artillery  blazing  away  from 
a  fort.* 


on  ♦£  T  Y^I  MiRAGE.-That  grand  phenomenon  occasionnlly  witnosscd 
on  the  Lakes-mirago -was  seen  from  the  steamer  Bay  State,  on  a  recent 
trip  from  Niagara  to  Genesee  Elver  (August,  lb56),  with  more  thnn  o 
dinary  splendor.  The  Lockport  Journal  ^ays  It  occurred  jSst  nMhe  sun 
was  setting,  at  whieh  time  some  twelve  vessels  were  seen  reflected  on  the 
horizon,  in  an  mverted  position,  with  a  distinctness  and  vividness  tru  v 
surprising.  The  atmosphere  was  overcast  with  a  thick  haze  such  as  nr? 
cedes  a  storm,  and  of  a  color  favorable  to  represent  upon  the  darkened 
background,  vividly,  the  full  outlines  of  the  r  gging,  sails,  cc  as  iS 
as  if  the  ships  themselves  were  actually  transformed  to  the  ae HaTc^nm 
The  unusuaf  phenomenon  lasted  until  darkness  put  au  end  to  the  8c"ne 


EOUTE  AROUND  LAKE  ONTARIO. 

Milei. 

Kingston,  C.  W.,  to  Toronto,  via  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  ICO 

Toronto  to  Hamilton,  C.  W.,  Toronto  and  Hamilton  H.H.  38 

Hamilton  to  Suspension  Bridge,  via  Great  Western  RR.  4;! 
Suspension  Bridge  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  via  ^V.  F.  Ceiitral 

Railway -g 

Rochester  to  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  by  stage 70 

Oswego  to  Richland,  N.  Y.,  "        . . .  .* 3.5 

Richland  to  Cape  Vincent,  via  IVatertown  and  Rome  R.R.  bo 

Cape  Vincent  to  Kingston,  C.  W.,  via  Wolfe  Island 12 

Total  Mil  j8 489 

NoTK.— Tlio  extreme  length  of  L.  Ontario  is  190  miles,  from 
Cape  Vincent  to  Hamilton,  C.  W. ;  being  about  four  times  M 
long  as  its  greatest  width.  The  circuit  of  the  water  is  esti- 
miitod  at  130  miloa      ST  r  Lake  fSr,,.,  pnjre  ir,3 


STEAMBOAT   ROUTES. 


129 


Lewiston  , . . , 
Youngstown . . 
Xiagara,  Can. 
Charlotte,     or 
Genesee  . . 


Port 


Miles. 
0 
11 
1-12 


Porta,  etc.  vrsi,.  ^ 

Miles.        Ports,  etc. 

0    Ogdensburgh 

6     Morristown 

1-7     Broc/iville,  Ca.n 

Thousand  Islands 

Oswego qa  tj^    „       ,  *^ 12-46 

Sachets  Harbor..  12  1Q9      e     ,.,     .1        '" 

f,      ,      -^„  ,     14-iyj  Sac/eet's  Harbor            qq  ina 

Grand,  or  Wolfe  Island  28-2'>0    S^^no^T>  •  /    V. ^  ^ 

K.vasToi..Can.  in  OSO  ^'""^^^^^^^'^^d  Island  12-120 

Sodus  Point 30-183 

Pultneyville 10-193 

Charlotte,     or     Port 


Thousand  Islands. . 
\Clayton,    or    French 

^^^^^ 24-254 

'Alexandria  Bay 12-206 


Smkville,  Can.  oo  ~oZ     ^..   ^''''''' 20-213 


"1  i^are.  $5  50  (mcludmg  meals).    Deck  Faro.  $2  60. 

SraiMBOAT  noUTE  FROM  LEWISTON  TO  TOROVTO  ANn 
0GDEN8BUE0II,  .^a  EXPRESS  LINE  ^ 


HUea. 
0 


Porta,  etc. 
r'ACAIiA  ... 

ronoNTo,  Can.' .■■.■■.'      42_49 

rwnt  Peter  and  Light  128-177 
^"cK  Island. .  qn  onr 

pbofsPoifl^andL.    iS 


Ports,  etc.  jju^^ 

BrocA'ville,lj[in,\  '."  i? 

Clayton,  or   i-'.v-ncA 

p      ^'!;''''^ 84-^5 

Tibbot'a Point.:::::  ,,"^? 


130 


STEAMBOAT    ROUTES. 


Porta,  etc.  Mtlca 

Duck  Island 19-80 

Point  Peter  and  Light    80-110 

Toronto 128-228 

Niagara 42-280 

Lewiston- 7-287 

Usual  Fare,  from  Ogdensburgh  to  INIontreal,    $3  50 

Through  Fare,  from  Lewiston  to  Montreal,  9  00 

"         '•      from  Buffalo  to  Montreal,  10  00 


rorts,  etc. 

Miles. 

Oape  Vincent. 

. .  ■  • 

3-229 

I  lay  ton,  or  Fi 

•ench 

Creek 

. . . . 

13-242 

HrockautC,  Can. 

•  •   •  • 

34-276 

'^>gdknsburgh  . 

11-297 

AMEEICAN   STEAMERS. 

ONTABIO  AND  ST.  LAWEENCE  BTKAMBOAT  COMPAKY'S   OFFICE,  OS^S'EOO,  S.  T. 

E.  B.  Allen,  Pres.,  Ogdensburgh. 

Jas.  Van  Cleve,  Sec.  and  Treaa  ,  Lewiston. 

Steamer  Bay  State,  1,098  tons Capt.  John  Ledyard. 


New  York-,   1,200  "  " 

Northerner,  905    '*  " 

Cataract,       577    "  " 

Niagara,         473   «  " 

Ontario,         832   "  " 


R.  B.  Chapman. 
R.  F.  Child. 
Jas.  R.  Ester. 
John  Morluy. 
H.  N.  Throop. 


One  of  the  above  steamers  leaves  Lewiston  daily  for  Charlotte, 
Oswego,  Sacket's  Harbor,  Kingston,  and  Ogdensburgh,  returning 
by  the  way  of  Cape  Vincent,  Toronto,  etc.,  to  Lewiston, 

A  steamer  of  the  same  line  also  leaves  Lewiston  dally  fof 
Toronto,  Cape  Vincent,  and  Ogdensburgh,  returning  by  the  way 
of  Sacket's  Harbor,  Oswego,  Charlotte,  etc.,  to  Lewiston,  con- 
necting with  cars  running  to  Niagara  Falls,  Buffalo,  etc. 


ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER  STEAMERS, 

BUNNINO  IN   CONNECTION  WITH  THB  ABOVE   BOATS,  FORMINO  A  TUEOCfill 

LINE  TO  MONTREAL. 

Steamer  British  Queen,  800  tons.  .....  Capt.  A.  Cameron. 

«•      Jenny  Lind,        300  "     «      L.  Moody. 

"      Montreal,  300  "     "      John  Laflamc. 

wuo  ol"  tL«  above  stoamera  leaves  Ogdeusburgb,  daily,  dunDgj 
the  bOUHon  of  navigation,  for  Montreal,  passing  by  daylglitj 
throug?  the  Rapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  returning  through  th«j 
Canals 


09'VrEGO,  N.  T, 


^  A  THEOCeS 


HK. 

:t   1 

^ 

^ 

■ 

H 

•   t  ■ 


TRIP  FROM 


DrRiNG  the  i 

'  belonging  to  the 

imy,  leave  LeM 

'  shore  to  the  foot 

'  3n  the  St.  Lawre 

On  leaving  the 

I  tensive  view  is  af 

Bridge,  Brock's  3 

I  lages  of  Lewistou 

I  tlie  background. 

I  cyents  connected  7 

I  The  banks  of  the 

pith  bold  shores, 

I  Ontario,  the  recep 

Fort  Niagara 

I  American  shore  a 

porthy  of  a  visit  i 

[m  the  Canadian  s: 

1^1.  Be  Salle,  the  ( 

prance,  inclosed  tl 

"25,  by  palisades. 

l^ir  William  Johnso 

P'hen  it  was  evacua 

jtiie  I9th  of  Deceml 

p  surprise;  and  i 

lAmericaus.    This  ol 

Ji"Ie  in  the  hands  ( 
N  been  at  times  ns 
Nle  dungeons,  wh( 


TRIP  FROM  LEIVISTON  TO  OSWEGO.  KIXGSTOV 
AND  OGDEJfSCUliGII.       '"'""^'"^^' 

if..V,  leave  Lo™.on  dail^  fo  IwfrZ'"  ^'"''7'  '"'""■ 
4ore  to  the  fool  of  Lata  0^,    ^       ^  *  •"■  Aoo.icaa 

lagesofLewistonandQueenston  wUh  +1,   \^;g'"«' ^^nd  the  vil- 
.e  baCgrounC.    Wheu  at  1  L^I  t  ^:1^^^^  ^^ 

events  connected  with  this  vicinity  no  spo  .1    7 -^^  "'"^ 
The  banks  of  the  river  ar«  >,         ?  ^        ^'^'  ''  '^  ^°*«^««t- 
I   ii.  1  , ,  '^^  ^^^®  elevated  from  40  tn  /^n  *•   * 

jwith  bold  shores    \irh\U  +>,«       i.  "^  ^^"m  4U  to  CO  feet, 

lAmtncan  shore  at  the  mouth  of  «,.  7,     *'°°-  '^"8  »"  «« 

«th.  Canadian  shore  nTatthe^l,     7v- °'  "'"''  ''"''^'' 
Y  De  Salle,  the  e  J,^reroft7  J   *°      ""'«'"'''-     '»  ""»• 

>-M,  by  palisades.    In  1760  iWat .  I     .    ?'  '""'''  ''"'"  ™ 
S'WiUia™  Johnson  in ^Z!?    f"'^  ""^  "">  "■■"!*■  ™der 

W  it  was  evaenatVand  .Ten  „;  to  thT'°1  '"""  '''"• 
|«i«  19lh  of  December  ,«r<!  '.  ^  ""  ''''■'•«"  *'««»■  On 
\  -rpHse;  Td  1:  £  ",™  °f "  '»'»  "y  *e  British 

t- -o,dfortif.Lt,;:Zfo:sr,,i- 
Mein?h;h:ndtn,::;^;r,:r "  rF'-*'"'- 

h  been  at  times  i,<,.rl  '  ''  ""^  ^^^'^^  °^  ^ta  i^'i^- 

hole  dunge^riw  r\!  '"""'     '"  '*^  ^'^^«  ^'^  -P^eg- 
r  oeons.  where  hght  was  not  admitted,  for  many  yoa^ 


:» 


134       LEWI8T0N    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUIlGn. 

there  remained  clear  traces  of  the  ready  instruments  for  exe- 
cution or  for  murder.     During  the  war  of  the  Revolution  it  vas 
the  head-quarters  of  all  that  was  "barbarous  and  unrelenting 
and  cruel ;  this  being  the  chief  rendezvous  of  a  savage  horde 
that  carried  death  and  destruction  into  the  remote  Amoricau 
settlements.    Of  late  years,  the  abduction  of  ^Villiam  Morgan, 
who  was  taken  from  the  jail  in  Canandaigua,  and  conveyed 
more  than  100  miles  through  a  populous  country,  and  lodged 
in  the  magazine  at  Fort  Niagara,  where  he  was  kept  three  or 
four  days,  and  then  inhumanly  drowned— has  justly  tended  to 
continue  its  reputation  for  being  the  scene  of  tyranny  and 
murder. 

On  passing  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  and  reach- 
ing tho  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ontario,  a  deeply  interesting  view 
is  afforded  of  the  town  of  Niagara  and  Fort  Niagara,  situated 
on  opposite  sides  of  the  river,  while  in  the  distance  may  be  seen 
Brock's  Monument,  rising  nearly  600  feet  above  the  waters  of 
the  lake,  being  eight  or  ten  miles  distant. 

The  steamer  now  pursues  an  easterly  course  in  runnino'  for 
Charlotte,  or  Port  Genesee,  80  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Niagara 
River.  The  shores  of  the  lake  of  a  clear  day  are  generall  in 
sight,  presenting  an  elevated  and  bold  appearance  for  many 
miles.  Eighteen  Mile  Creek,  Thirty  Mile  Creek,  and  Oak 
Orchard  River  are  passed  in  succession ;  at  the  mouth  of  each 
there  are  harbors  and  small  settlements.  JBi  cd Jock's  Point 
is  a  bold  headland  ten  miles  west  of  the  mouth  or  tho  Genesee 
River, 

Charlotte,  or  Port  Genesee,  80  miles  from  the  moutliof 
Niagara  River,  and  60  miles  west  from  Oswego,  is  situated  at 
the  mouth  of  Genesee  River,  seven  miles  by  railroad  below  the 
city  of  Rochester,  it  being  the  outport  for  that  place.  It  is 
a  port  of  entry,  possessing  a  safe  harbor,  being  protected  by  tffo 
long  government  piers,  on  one  of  which  is  located  a  light:  there 
is  also  a  light-house  on  the  mainland.  The  village  contains 
about  400  inhabitants,  two  churches,  three  hotels,  four  stores,  j 
four  warehouses,  one  steam  elevator,  oa!  steam  saw-mill,  and 


LEWlSTOr.    TO   OSWEGO    AND    OGDEXSBUROH.         135 

etc    on  the  Amencan  side,  all  connecting  at  Charlotte  wUh 
raih'oad  cars  for  Rochester  ^uanocre  with 

The  FA..S  of  the  Genesee,  near  Rochester,  are  well  worthy 
attent,on  The  banks  of  the  river  immediatei;  aboveChl  oUe 
rise  from  50  to  150  fept  in  lioJ^Uf  .  '-nariotte 

Carthago,  within  the  city  boun*  of  Roeh-  „,      ,L  "       I  f 

:::  rrjr  r "-'  "^"--^  -'« '  -  °"-" 

.t  he  cly.  u  extcndmg  „„  both  sid„  ,,  the  ..earn.  The 
«..r.f.wer  here  afforded  is  very  great,  N-in*  „  .d  to  a  great 
Htcnt  ,n  propelling  flour-miUs,  saw-mills  .  .  "  ""' «'«" 

me.  m  Po  ter  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  great  table-land  of  Wester,^ 

P™  Jlvan,a,  inlerloeWng  with  some  of  the  head  sourcTrf 

e  Alleghany  and  west  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  B^tr-U 

en  pursues  a  north  course  to  the  New  York  State  line.IeLce 

h«gh  the  nch  and  fertile  valley  of  the  Genesee,  wliioh  ef 

»Is  hrough  Monroe  County,  where  it  falls  into  iroItarTo 

.m.  es  belowthe  city  of  Kochester.    Itswhole  cours  t  aS 

Ho  m, Ics.    Near  .ts  mouth,  within  the  present  city  limits  of 

Brt«eer    are  two  or  three  i„,portant  falls,  known  as  the 

W,  ^h  /,  ,  within  the  distance  of  three  utiles  ttee  belt 

•'«  .16  foet,  at  Carthage  -,5,  an  intermediate  one  of  20,  .and  the 

•mount  of  hydrauhc  power,  which  is  used  to  acreat  e^itct 
P.t.=u,arly  at  the  Upper  Falls,  in  Propelling^!"  .f        ' 
.:  l!*:?'..":,-^.;"'  manufacturing  establishments.     Prom 

.f  R  "i  ~*7°  "^  ^^^^^"fec,  wnicii  constitutes  a  part  of  the  city 
^^^^ster,  there  is  a  steamboat  navigation'to  CharloUe^^ 

m  uuLT'  '       r"  ''  '^"^  "^^"'  "^''^  '^  ^  ^^^  harbor 
ommunicatrng  with  L-  ke  Ontario.      From  the  £ead  of  the 


s  m\ 


Uki 


136       LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    0GDEK8BURGII. 

rapids  above  Rochester  it  is  navigable  during  high  water  for  a 
considerable  distance,  passing  through  a  rich  and  interesting 
region  of  country,  celebrated  for  its  fertility.    This  stream  now 
«iynsr2ET.tes  the  main  feeder  of  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  which 
runs  parallel  to  it  for  the  greater  part  of  its  length  through 
the  State.     There  are  also  important  falls  on  this  river,  both  in 
Allegany  and  Livingston  counties,  where  are  to  be  found  some 
of  its  most  interesting  features.     In  the  town  of  Portage,  Alle- 
gany Co.,  "  there  are  three  distinct  falls  on  the  river,  respcc- 
tivcly  GO,  90,  and  110  feet,  within  the  space  of  two  miles,  each 
differing  in  character,   and   each  having  peculiar   beauties. 
Although  the  cascades  are  highly  admirable,  they  are  almost 
disregarded  in  the  wonder  and  fear  caused  by  the  stupondous, 
perpendicular  walls  of  the  river,  rising  to  400  feet  in  height, 
and  extending  along  the  stream  for  three  miles,  with  almost  as 
much  regularity  as  if  constructed  by  nvt.     To  this  groat  depth 
the  river  has  worn  its  bed  in  the  solid  rock,  in  turns  as  eliort 
and  graceful  as  if  v.inding  through  the  softest  meadow." 

After  leaving  Charlotte  for  Oswego  the  steamer  passes  Pull- 
neyviUe  (occasionally  stopping).  Great  Sodus  Bay  and  Little 
Sodus  Bay,  running  within  sight  of  the  south  shore;  the  lake 
here  presenting  an  irregular  coast-line. 

(jRKAT  Sodus  B\y  is  a  fine  sheet  of  water,  affording  a 
secure  harbor  for  lake  craft,  being  from  one  to  three  miles 
■wide  and  five  miles  long.  The  fishing  is  liero  good,  as  well  as 
in  all  the  bays  along  the  south  shore  of  the  lake. 

Sonus  Point,  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  situated  at  the  entrance  of 
Great  Sodus  Bay,  is  i  port  of  entry,  with  a  good  liarbor,  ami 
contains  a  church,  a  public  house,  two  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill 
and  about  800  inhaoitaiitf*. 

LiTii.E  Sonus  Bay,  14  miles  cast  of  Great  Sodus,  is  anothct 
important  body  of  water.  ••  At  Little  Sodus,  in  high  winds, 
TC55C  can  often  come  within  the  protection  of  Long  Point  on 
one  side,  and  the  protecting  shores  west,  between  it  r.nd  Uig 
8odi'"  and  ride  out  tlie  storm  in  the  indented  shore  of  (he  lake, 
and  can,  when  the  improveraenta  to  Little  Sodus  harbor  m 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDBNSBUROH.        137 

completed,  enter  the  bay  with  ease,  and  take  refuge  thera. 

This  fact  gives  great  advantages  to  Little  Sodua  Bay,  as  il 

Tiakes  it  accessible  at  all  times." 

The  City  of  Oswego.  36  miles  north  of  Syracuse  by  railroad, 
is  iv<lvantagoously  situated  on  both  sides  of  Oswego  River,  at  its 
eutrauce  into  Lake  Ontario.     It  is  a  port  of  entry,  was  char- 
tered  in  1848,  being  divided  into  four  wards.    In  1855  it  ccn- 
tained  16,000  inhabitants,  1,500  dwelling-houses,  two  Presby- 
terian,  two  Episcopal,  two  Baptist,  two  xMethodist,  two  Roman 
Catholic,  one  Universalist,  and  one  African  church,  besides  a 
Bethel  congregation;   a  court-house  and  jail,  a  custom-house, 
four  banking  houses,  two  savings'  banks;  a  gas  company,  a 
female  seminary,  and  orphan  asylum.     TJicre  are  several  well- 
kept  hotels;  the  Manger  House  and  the  Hamilton  House  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  and  the  Niagara  House  on  the  west  side, 
ere  tlie  most  frequented  by  pleasure  travelers.    The  Pardee 
Icuso  is  a  new  and  commodious  hotel  which  is  nearly  com- 
pleted,  sil.iatcd  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  near  the  steamboat 
landing. 

The  Oswego  and  Syracuse  Railroad,  3G  miles  in  length,  con- 
nccts  this  place  with  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  York,  while 
anotlicr  railroad  is  being  constructed  on  the  cast  side  of  the 
Oswego  River,  to  run  to  Syracuse  and  connect  with  the  Syra- 
cuse and  Binghamton  Railroad,  thus  forming  another  direct 
foute  to  the  cities  of  N.  .f  York  and  Philadelphia,  and  the  coal 
jmx  of  Pennsylvania.     The  Ositwfro  Canal  a\m  connects  with 
the  Kric  Canal  at  Syracuse,  altogether  affordiiig  great  facilitiea 
for  trade  and  commerce,  in  connection  with  tho  lake  naviga- 
lion  and  water  privilege.     Hero  are  now  in    .poration  16  flour- 
-ng-mills,  with  84  run  of  st.nos.  m;,king  S.-lOO  barrels  of  flour 
iwday  when  in  full  operation;  ten  elevators  capable  of  elova- 
'ing  38,000  bushels  of  grain  per  hour..  wJUi  Mtor->g«  r."„-.tn  for 
-',WX),()00  bushels.    These  hugo  edifices  are  so  armngod  ai  J* 
mload  and  load  ves,<?ols  with  groat  dispatch, 
Tho  Omuf^o   Starch   Factory,  owned   by  an   incorporated 
body,  was  erected  in  1848,  since  wliich  large  additions  have  l^ocn 


138   LKWI8T0N  TO  OSWEGO  AND  OGDENSBl  RGl». 


made.  The  entire  front  of  the  building  ia  now  510  feet,  five 
stories  high,  extending  back  over  the  river  250  feet ;  it  is  capa- 
ble of  manufacturing  twelve  millions  pounds  of  corn  starob  per 
year,  consuming  Bome  000,000  busliels  of  corn  for  the  purpose, 
and  giving  employment  to  300  persons.  In  addition  to  the 
above  are  two  steam-engine  and  machine  works,  two  iron  ami 
brass  foundries,  one  cotton-mill,  besides  several  other  mills  and 
factories. 

The  quantity  of  water  flowing  in  the  Oswego  River  at  ordin- 
ary high  water  is  700,000  cubic  feet  per  minute,  at  low  water 
200,000,  Fall  at  the  two  lower  dams  in  the  city,  8G  feet, 
affording  altogether  an  immense  and  reliable  water-power. 

The  number  o**  vessels  which  arrive  and  depart  annually 
from  this  port  m  very  largo;  there  being  here  owned  eight 
steamers  and  propellers  and  about  100  schooners,  averaging 
over  100  tons  brvrden,  besides  a  large  number  of  canal  boats. 
The  harbor  is  capacious  and  safe,  being  well  protected  by  two 
large  stone  piers,  constructed  by  the  United  States  government. 
On  the  end  of  the  west  pier  is  situated  a  light-house ;  about 
half  a  mile  above  are  two  bridges  extending  across  tlio  river, 
600  feet  in  length.  An  extensive  forwarding  business  is  done 
at  this  place  hy  means  of  lake,  river,  and  canal  navigation; 
goods  passing  through  from  New  York  to  Oswego,  and  thence 
over  the  Collingwood  route,  or  througli  the  WcUaud  Canal  to 
the  Upper  Lakes. 

Oswego  now  ranks  nr.  one  of  the  greatest  grain  markets  in 
the  world,  end  will  no  doubt  continue  to  increase  with  the 
growth  and  production  of  the  Western  States  and  Canada 
The  lumbei  rade  ia  also  very  groat,  immense  quantities  being 
ahipjwd  from  Cunado  to  this  port,  and  re-sliipped  to  Eastern 
markets. 

The  impulse  iniparted  to  the  commerce  of  Oswego  by  thu  late 
liociprovity  Treaty,  which  weui  iaio  furco  October.  IBoi,  li 
very  great,  as  will  bo  seen  by  the  following  returns  uaah  from 
oSQcial  figures  i 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OODKN88UUGH.       139 

raluo  of  Foreign  Wts s2.Sl8        $6.1^*743 

^^^''^' __3^4,UJ8  5,870:920 

I  ro    t  wm  be  seen   that  the  trade  with  Canada  nearly 
doubled  in  the  first  vear  imrlPT.  +i,„  .-         „        nearly 

*    f       rpT,    I  ^  "^*^^  *^®  operation  of  the  aUve 

trea  y.     The  domestic  or  coastwise  trade  is  also  constantly  and 
rapidly  :ncreasing.  ^ 

one  of  the  Steamers  o^  the  Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  Steam- 
^t  Company  leaves  Oswego  daily  for  Sackef.  Harbor.  Kings- 
ton  C.  ^  .,  and  Ogdensbur^h,  connecting  with  steamers  runniL 
oMontreal,and  Rouse's  '>oint,  via  .he  Northern  Eailroad  of 
iNew  \  ork. 

A  steamer  also  leaves  O.wego  daily,  for  Rochester.  Niagara. 
I  C.W.,  and  Lewiston,  connecting  with  steamers  for  Toronto! etc. 


['"'niaoa'p?;?''^''"''^''   '^^^'^^  ^^^'^  SYRACUSE   TO 
i  NIAGARA  FALLS,  via  OSWEGO  AND  LEWISTON. 

Tur.s  route  during  the  season  cf  navigation  on  Lake  Ontario. 
'»amo.tmtoresting  lino  of  travel,  oftWding  the  toanst  a  fine 
h  i-rtumty  of  viewing  the  scenery  peculiar  to  Lake  On'orio 
I  Jilt. Niagara  River. 

^n^e  a,u„,.„  an,  S,,racu.e  liailroad,  35  miles  in  length,  run- 
tn  the  west  s.de  of  Onoudnga  Lake  to  the  Seneca  River,  which 
t^\T  ""-r""^""'  ''''  '"'  Btopping-place  after 

f"'To^.  11  miles  from  the  cifv  of  Ow».„_      «-—.._._ 
j»-U"l.^  leave  Syracuse  and  OBwego  three  tFrnes  dai^"*"  ''*'' 

ktlTZ  '^T"""  ''""'  ^''^^«"  ^'"'^  ^"'-  S'^^kefs  Harbor 
fc  :;  ^"'^'  ^«'^-^-«'>.  etc..  in  the  morning,  on  th. 
f  n^al  of  the  oars  from  Syracuae;  while  in  the  afternoon  a 


140       LEWISTON   TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUUGH. 


LEWIS' 


steamer  leaves  for  Rochester,  LcAviston,  etc.,  running  tip  the 
lake.  Passengers  passing  through  Oswego  are  aflForded  a  hasty 
glance  of  the  city,  the  harbor,  and  Fort  Ontario,  the  latter 
being  located  on  the  east  shore  of  the  river  at  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Ontario. 


DISTANCES  AND  FARE  BETWEEN  SYRACUSE  AND  NIAG.VR.V 
FALLS,  ma  OSWEGO  AND  LEWISTON. 


Stopping  Places.       Miles.  Faro. 

Syracuse 0 

Oswego 35  $1  00 

Pultneyvillo 76  — 

Charlottr,  or  Port 

.  Genesee 100  — 

N  AOARA,  C.  W...174  — 

Lewiston 182  — 

Niagara  Falls  . .  188  4  00 


Stopping  Places.       Milea. 
Niagara  Falls.  .     0 

Lewibton 6 

Niagara,  C.W....   14 
Charlotte,  or  Port 

Genesee 88 

Pultneyville 113 

Oswego 153 

Syracuse 188 


Faro. 


$0  50 


On  resuming  the  trip  from  Oswego  to  Sacket's  Harbor,  tlie 
steamer  runs  in  a  northerly  direction  off  Mexico  Bay,  being  a 
largo  expanse  of  water  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Ontario,  wliow 
lies  Port  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River.  On  this 
stream  is  situated  one  of  the  most  romantic  falls  in  the  country, 

Salmon  River  rises  in  Lewis  Co..  and  flows  west  through 
Oswego  Co.  into  Lake  Ontario;  discharging  its  waters  into 
Mexico  Bay,  at  the  village  of  Port  Ontario.  This  is  a  fine  iind 
durable  stream,  having  a  tolerably  good  harbor  at  its  mouth, 
and  is  boatable  during  high  water  to  the  Falls  in  Orwell,  a  .!'s- 
tanco  of  14  miles.  •'  The  Falls  of  Salmon  River  may  be 
classed  among  the  principal  natural  curiosities  of  the  country, 
The  current  is  gentle  above  for  six  or  nion  miles,  then  two 
miles  of  rapids,  and  at  the  falls  drops  almost  porpaniiicular 
107  feet.  At  high  water  the  sheet  is  250  feet  in  width,  but  »t 
low  water  it  is  narrowed  down  to  about  half  that  extent.  Tiie 
rooky  strata  seem  to  be  composed  of  slate  8t/)no  and  granite,  or 
gncisB,  and  the  height  cf  the  banks  immediately  alx)vo  tlio  fall 
is  variously  estimated  at  from  70  to  90  feet;  below  it  is  jaiJ 


LEWSTOK   ,0    OSWEGO    ..r,    OGBBNSB„R«„.       ,^1 

Itaifte  walls,  perpendicular  rook,  are  about  200  feet     A, ,, 

»rd,  iuterlockinrin'  """f  "■"='  """'J'  ■»»==  to  the  east- 

I  -  «ure  Harbortl  UkeO  ir?"  "°  "'  ""  **"  -" 

;  «-  /'.V,  tea  „ile.  Mow  v°a:     :;'^Xr:'  T  """' 

•m  to  be  eounected  bv  a  railroaf   r7'  ''''"°  " '' 

U  ...nitar,  .atiou?u:;:r;:-  Jr  rfTsT't'n""™' 

Waini  itbelugthorcaaeEvouaof  ,T!  /  '  "'""  "'■'"" 

«»io.    Hera  now  lie,  a      ^war    eltr^r  '"'  °°  '"'' 

»«,™„neneed  at  the  above  per,"    T,         „'  "'^'"-  "''^^ 

."■mill,,  two  f„r„aces  alTl!      "^T       ""''  ''"'"'■'•""'•  ""^ 

klb,..„nect»wilhTb.  Vattro    "*  .    ''■'™'''  "^  -"''«'  » 
I  B,  »r.  I,  Watertown  ami  Homo  Railroad 

h  vvk.  %t.  wbil:':-!:':';::"?; '""■■"""'-' 

Wblo  from  the  High  Fall,  i„  Ud         ,  '■  ""''   '" 

h  »r  Uk    0™       *  ™'''  ■"'  '"'"  "'-'^  "•'■r  Ba,.  near  U„ 

»^p.:on  1.  u..:ri,,r  1  ;,;':;■  ";/'j.  "7-  -•■'  "<« 

""-ou  uy  laiia ,  affurding,  howorer,  fine 


"I 


142        LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUUOH. 

water-power.  Tic  land  on  the  borders  of  the  1  mor  pyrt  of  t\fi 
river  ia  very  fertile  and  thickly  settled;  Jefferson  Co'tiity— aud 
the  vicinitv  of  WatQrtown  in  particular,  'ivhere  is  a  goo?  valor 
power— is  justly  cel(?brated  for  its  agricultural  products. 

Chaumont  B'vy,  situated  north  of  Sackot'a  Har'jor  at  Black 
River  Bay,  is  a  large  bosly  of  watc;'  abounding  in  fish  of  sevcval 
kinds  and  fine  flavor  ;  here  being  extensive  fisheries,  'vhere  are 
annually  taken  large  quantities  of  fish. 

The  trip  a  :;rosa  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario  frorn  Sackof  s  Ila'hoj 
to  Kingston,  Can. ,  38  miles,  is  a  very  interc  sting  excui  r.'on  duiing 
pls'iKant  woathejr.  Hero  may  be  seen  beautiful  headlands  and 
aevoral  pi> 'jiresque  ;sland3;  the  Fox  and  Grenadier  islands 
are  p?,-'  '^i  hefove  reaching  Grand  or  F'Td'/e  Js/nnrf,  attadied 
to  Carxulu.  This  latter  island,  situated  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
Rivev,  *it  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario,  is  a  larg*^  and  fertile  boiij 
of  land,  being  settled  by  Canadians. 

Cape  Vincent,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  at  theheai 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  where  terminates  the  JVatcrtnin 
and  Rome  Railroad,  and  is  a  port  of  entry.     It  (iontains  about  I 
1,100  inhabitants,  four  churches,  five  hotels  and  taverns,  ten  j 
stores,  and  an  extensive  storehouse  connected  with  the  railroaJ; 
one  steam  grist-mill,  one  foundry  and  machine-shop,  one  stoain 
planing-mill,  and  a  ship-yard.     Steamers  arrive  and  depart 
daily  for  different  ports  on  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
River.     A  steamer  also  leaves  Cape  Vincent  twice  daily  for! 
Kingston,  Canada,  during  navigation ;  while  in  winter,  stags 
run  across  the  ice  to  Grand  or  Wolfe  Island,  and  thence  t«J 
Kingston,  distant  12  miles  by  direct  route.    Capo  Vincent  h\ 
a  healthy  and  pleasant  location,  being  much  resorted  to  inl 
warm  weather  by  fis]\ing  and  ploa.'^ure  parties,  being  contigu-| 
ous  to  the  •'  Thousand  Islands." 

Clayton,  or  Fuenoh  Crkeic,  18  miles  beloif  Capo  Vincon'J 

»J-_ U«n.:^.l„«/x>.»  Tolan.l     o  +  fnnlin/J  fntl'"'^  fif' Ni'W  York.JL.„      ^      """""8,11 

The  village  contains  three  churches,  two  publi   .    ».  "s.ten  store?™ 
and  a  four  and  machine-shop.     Ik    ,■         extensive  shipf 
yard  for  *.L       nstruotion  of  steamers  av'    r-  ..;  •  lake  craft. 


exi^i: 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    O  ,DKNSBI:rg„. 

UBlac^  mer  and  UHca  Railroad,  when  completed 
-J  to  Clayton,  a  distance  of  109  miles  from  Utica 


U3 


will 


„  „^  ju^  aiiiea  irom  Utica 
LI .  '?    ^'  «'*'''"^'*^  «^^^^t«^  of  the  Thousand  Islands 

.host  every  section  of  the  counfj.  for  health  andtt,      ?u 
ptoure  of  fishing  „„,!  h„„ti„g.         ■■  ""'"'l'.  Md  to  enjoy  th. 

Wkll's  Island  ia  settled  by  somp  ''O  n«  qh  ^     •,. 
..«t,  destined  to  beeo»e  aT,:  t^  rlf  a^t:'."'  "' 

T' '" '» '-»'«' "-  ".e  root  of  thiX ;;  rr  -^ '™- 

^^.  j->.  X.,   II    miles   above  Oedensbumli    v^ 
nearly  oppos  te  BrockvillP   r  w       vi      ,  •  ,««en30urgh,  hes 

^y  a  ferry      This  is  all      ,     '7       ^^''^  '^  ''  ^^"»««t«d 

\LJ   tIo  vin;  I^r-       f  "'"^'"^  '^^  the  American 
AXiL  vuiage  coutams   two  churp]ifl<»    f«r«  *„ 

1'ree  stores,  and  about  3o0  inhabitants  "  *''"^' 

OuoKxsBURGH,  St.  Lawrence  Co     IV    v    •      j 
hit.mtodatthemouthofH,«n  i',  ' ''  '^^^'^«^'^g«o"slj 

-0  the  St.  iZn         It  lasT^      "  '""  "'"^  ''  '"'^''^ 

houses-  one  m..    r  ,      '""''"^'^^"^^'I'^^OOdwelUng. 

..».rcarnfr„ri:::?r""'  r  "•  *'°'"°'''''- 

-  incorporated  aeadej;   hrr'L't,  tT"''''  ""*"*"*■' ' 
Ifiistom-housp  «;v      1 1-    t  '  ^**  Insurance  otSoos,  a 

'"•I,  1-.  mile.,  asoe^d^ng  threugh  the  St.  Lawrence  L.lT 


il".^ 


144      LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBURGH. 


Two  daily  lines  of  steamers  leave  Ogdensburgli  for  Cape  Vincent, 
Kingston,  Oswego  Toronto,  Lewiston,  etc.,  -while  two  daily  lines 
leave  Ogdensburgh  or  Prescott  for  Montreal,  etc.  Two  steam 
ferry-boats  run  across  the  St.  Lawrence,  here  one  mile  and  a 
half  wide,  to  Prescott,  forming  a  close  connection  between  tlio 
two  shores.  The  JVorthern  Railroad  extends  from  Ogdenslurgli 
easterly  to  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.,  118  miles,  connecting  Avitli 
steamers  and  railroads  extending  to  Boston  and  New  York.  A 
railroad  is  also  projected  to  extend  from  Ogdensburgh  anj 
form  a  junction  -s^ith  the  Potsdam  and  Watertown  Railronl 
Propellers  and  lake  craft  annually  deposit  an  immense  amount 
of  Western  produce,  to  be  carried  forward  by  railroads  to  East- 
ern markets.  As  a  stopping-place  for  pleasure  travelers,  Og- 
densburgh stands  unrivaled,  having  the  Thousand  Islands  above 
and  the  magnificent  Piapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence  below.  Passen- 
gers are  here  usually  transferred  from  the  floating  palaces  of 
Lake  Ontario  to  the  equally  safe  but  smaller  steamers  which  rua 
the  Rapids  to  Montreal. 

The  JVorthern  Transportation  Com.  has  here  its  principal 
office  for  the  trans-shipment  of  produce  and  merchandise  going 
East  and  West.  This  company  owns  15  propellers,  of  about  CJO 
tons  burden,  running  from  Ogdensburgh  and  Oswego  to  Cleveland, 
Toledo,  Detroit,  Milwaukee,  Chicago,  etc.  This  line  affords  a 
cheap  and  speedy  route  of  travel  for  travelers  and  emigrants. 

The  Oswegatchie  River,  which  empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  Ogdensburgh,  is  the  outlet  of  Black  Lake,  lying  in  the  county 
of  St.  Lawrence.  The  lake  and  river  are  navigable  for  about 
25  miles,  to  within  four  miles  of  Ogdensburgh.  At  the  mouth 
of  this  river,  now  a  part  of  the  village  of  Ogdensburgh,  nn  early 
settlement  was  made  by  the  French,  and  fortifications  erected, 
all  of  which  have  gone  to  decay. 

The  Trip  from  Kingston  to  Ogdensburgh  and  Montreal  is  dc- 
scribed  in  another  part  of  this  work,  following  tiic  Canauiss 
route  from  Hamilton  and  Toronto  to  Kingston,  P^rescott,  and 
Montreal.  For  further  information,  see  advertiaoments  of  Lab 
Ontario  and  River  St.  Lawrence  Steamers. 


summer  and  winter  to  resort  to  th.       -57  !  *^^'^'*'^«  ^'^^^  1° 
I    0.  .oa.-ns  the  mo„t„      NI  1       ^  f  ^7'" 
.  W.  course  direct  for  Tcronlo  ^  '^™'"'  P"^-"" 

-*ntl,  in  sight  fror.,l™'o  ':,:?/  ™  "  *"  '"^' ''"' 
'»«i  the  pleasure  of   this  t  if  "T    "ofliing  cau 

'«lly»aybeseenpr.poU   ..Ms  n™°"  T""  ™"'^'- 
Lor  from  Port  Dalhousfe  7  .         °  ™''"''"'' *''™  W 

PoKr  Da.„ou;„,,2,uI  Iwr  rtT""^'"'""™"- 
fcr,  aud  distant  38  n>  te  Z  t     "I"  "'""""  "'  Niagara 

'5«od  at  "-.erminusofe  ;:,.;:  Canai'V'  "'!'  '"'"«' 
|S.C,il,e,.ineX-»i;hwliic),  ,>1  .   '^"'"''' f"""  mite  below 

<•  -i".  t..e  CreaHwrnlv ,  "  """='  »  '»^«"  -»«'-  ' 

|«"iM,  Lake  Ontario  1;""'°  ■''"Stl.,  connecting  Lake  ■ 
(;•  «*  alike  ben      ;:.  t7eT„Z'''°  ^^""' «'»Sar.. 
I "W  States  and  Canada  Z  f      "™"'™"'   ">'«>-«'s  of  the 

-b-a  aua  2G^  ibet  wide     v    ,  ,„rr.    ''.  ^^'"'^  ^^^"  ^'""J- in 
'^P'h  of  water  i3  8,^  foet  l  IT    "'""  ''  ^^^  ^'''-     ^he 


'»»nd  81  foot  at  ^.s^:^^  ^'^"^  '^'^  ^«^'*  ^^^e  at  bot- 

«--nie,..rct"Br;;;rbr^i: 


S^'ii^tl- 


146     NIAG 


\M1LT0N    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC. 


from  fo  •dv'-  lv>  Tort  Maitland,  the  terminus  on  Lake  Erie,  is  ]| 
miles  in  length,  with  one  lock  each.      The  entire  cost  of  the 
'enlarged  canal  "was  about  £1,000,000  Canadian  currency,  or 
14,000,000. 

St.  Catherine's,  38  ^^  "'c.s  s..  _  of  Toronto  by  water,  11 
miles  from  Suspension  Bridge,  and  32  miles  from  Hamilton  by 
railroad  route,  is  advantageously  situated  on  the  line  of  the 
Welland  Canal,  here  affording  a  large  amount  of  water -power. 
TJiis  town  is  a  place  of  great  attraction  and  growing  importance, 
being  surrounded  by  a  healthy  and  rich  section  of  country. 
Here  is  a  mineral  fountain  called  the  "  Artesian  Well"  also 
seyeral  large  and  well-kept  hotels,  for  the  accommodation  of 
invalids  and  seekers  of  pleasure.  The  Stevenson  House,  neer  \ 
the  Spring,  and  the  Welland  Hotel,  are  the  most  frequented  by  | 
pleasure  travelers. 

The  village  contains  about  6,000  inhabitants,  sc*  ral  fine] 
churches  and  private  edifices,  here  being  exhibited  a  degree  of  j 
taste  and  activity  equal  U:)  any  other  town  of  its  size  in  Cmia'! 
or  the  United  States  If  the  mineral  waters  prove  as  beneficial  I 
to  invalids  as  is  represented  by  many  who  have  experieno^'d  tlieii 
beneficial  effects,  it  is  isO  doubt  destined  to  become  a  popular! 
watering-place  during  the  summer  months.  The  "  AVeH'iaj 
situated  ;  ar  the  lank  of  se  canal,  und  is  550  feet  in  depth;! 
the  water  rjoing  raised  by  a  steam  pump  to  the  batli -house,] 
situated  en  the  bank  above. 

The  City  :  .' i  amilton,  frr^m  its  geoj.  aphical  position, 
its  peculiar  naiural  and  artificial  advantages,  lyinii;  on  Purlin,'! 
ton  Bay,  at  the  extreme  west  en'^  f  Lake  Ontario,  has  tv  ^thin  tii! 
last  five  or  six  years  raj, idly  lucreased  in  wealth  and  number 
But  a  few  short  yea  av^^  passed  away  since  the  site  oij 
which  now  stands  the  >wd«  city,  with  its;  stately  edifice.^  m 
its  elegant  residences,  its  thronged  streets,  a/s  i  its  marts  anij 
factories  teeming  with  life  and  business  activity,  was  a  den 
for  jst,  the  residence  and  hunting-ground  of  the  Indian.  It  wal 
not  many  years  ago  that  the  waters  of  its  beautiful  bay,  whid 
now  bear  upon  their  bosom  magnificent  steamers  and  vessels  ( 


NIAGARA   AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC.       147 

erery  grade,  bringing  to  our  port  the  treasures  of  other  lands, 
aui  conveying  to  Eastern  markets  the  products  of  the  West,' 
were  calm  and  unruffled,  save  when  the  red  man  launched  his 
barque  upon  the  blue  expanse,  or  when  lashed  into  fury  by  the 
angry  tempest. 

Hamilton  was  first  laid  out  in  the  year  1813,  during  the  war 
with  the  United  States,  but  for  many  years  it  progressed  but 
8lowiy  m  population  and  importance.    By  the  census  of  1841 
it  numKred  3,446  inhabitants.    During  the  succeeding  four 
years  the  population  nearly  doubled,  and  b     ],e  census  of  1851 
tk  numbers  had  increased  to  10,248.    From  that  period  to  the 
present  the  city  has  progressod  with  almost  unexampled  rapid- 
ityfor  Canada.    The  commencement  and  completion  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway  gave  an  impetus  to  all  kinds  of  busi- 
nes9.    New     reets  an  le  opened,  and  handsome  edifices  sprung 
up  as  If     7  magic  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  as  well  as  the  more 
humble  e<'  '^es.    The  population  is  now  (1856)  estimated  at 
1 25,000,  the  .. cilth  having  increased  in  greater  proportion. 

By  the  foUov  -  amounts  of  assessment  of  real  and  personal 
property  dur;  g  ue  past  six  years,  it  will  be  seen  the  value 
has  more  than  trebl  and  since  1852-three  years-nearly 
doubled : 


I  Valuation  in  1850 £61  574 

1851....    9-1,259 
1852....  105,349 


Valuation  in  1853. .  .£134,353 
1854...  156,926 
1855...    190,479 


The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  board  of  aldermen  and 
councilors,  together  with  a  police  department.  The  public 
buUdinjrs  are  a  city  hall,  city  hospital,  post-office  building, 
twenty  churches  of  ditiorent  denominations,  five  banks,  and  a 
ineohanics'  institute.  A  new  custom-house  and  market  build- 
ing are  about  being  erected,  both  on  a  large  scale  and  In  a 

I  durable  style  of  architecture. 
Tiie  puncipal  hotels  are  Hie  Anglo-American,  King  Street, 

[and  City  Hotel,  James  Street. 
Steanu      of  a,  large  class  run  from  Hamilton  to  Toronto, 

I  Kingston,  ,.,>.  other  ports  on  both  sides  of  Lake  Ontario,  afford. 


i 


"148       NIAGARA    AND   HAMILTON    TO   KINGSTON,  ETC. 

ing  a  speedy  and  delightful  mode  of  convoyanoe,  not  only 
through  tho  \ikes,  hut  down  the  St.  Lawrence  River  to  Prescott, 
Ogdensburgb,  and  Montreal.  For  description  of  railroad  route 
to  Detroit,  see  page  150. 

Wellington  Square,  seven  miles  below  Hamilton,  is  a 
place  of  some  importance,  it  being  the  outport  for  Hamilton 
during  the  winter  months,  when  the  lake  is  obstructed  by  ice. 

Bronte,  13  miles  below  Hamilton,  is  a  small  village  con- 
taining about  400  inhabitants.  Here  are  two  public  houses,  two 
churches,  a  gri^-mill,  a  cloth  factory,  and  several  lumber 
yards. 

Oakville,  19  miles  from  Hamilton,  and  about  the  same  dis- 
tance from  Toronto,  is  a  place  of  considerable  business,  having  a 
good  harbor.  It  contains  about  1 ,000  inhabitants ;  four  churches, 
several  public  houses  and  stores  ;  a  foundry,  and  other  manu- 
facturing establishments.  The  country  in  the  rear  is  healthy 
and  productive,  being  drained  by  several  fine  streams. 

Port  Credit,  12  miles  from  Toronto,  is  a  large  shipping 
port  for  produce  of  diiFerent  kinds.  It  is  situated  at  the  moiit!i 
of  River  Credit,  here  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  was  once  a 
favorite  resort  of  the  Indians,  receiving  its  name,  in  early 
times,  from  the  circumstance  of  the  fur  traders  here  meeting 
the  Indians,  aiid  delivering  to  them  on  credit  their  goods,  for ; 
which  the  following  year  they  received  their  value  in  furs. 


TORONTO. 

TiiE  City  of  Toronto,  and  capital  of  Canada,  is  favorably  I 
situated  on  Toronto  Bay,  in  43°  32'  N.  lat.,  and  79°  20' W. 
long,  from  Greenwich.     It  is  40  miles  N.E.  Hamilton,  IGOW,  i 
from  Kingstou,  333  from  Montreal,  and  413  from  Quebec  ty 
railroad  route.    The  bay  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  1 1 
milea  long  aud  2  miles  wide,  separated  from  the  main  body  of  Luke-  j 
Ontario,  except  at  its  entrance,  by  a  long,  narrow  strip  of  son 
beach,  the  southwest  termination  of  which  is  known  as  Gibral-j 
tar  Point,  on  which  is  located  a  ligl     house. 


NIAGARA   AND    HAMILTON    TO   KINGSTON,  ETC.       149 

"  ^J^7J^ /gnifies,  in  the  Indian  lang^zage,  a  place  ofn  eeU 
ing.    In  1  /  93.  when  surveyed  by  the  eMcr  Bouchette.  under  the 
orders  of  Gov.  Suncoe,  two  Massasauga  families  were  the  only 
inhabitants  it  contained,  and  the  harbor  was  a  resort  for  numer- 
0U3  Tvild  fowl,  while  its  waters  produced  an  abundance  of  fish  " 
It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1834,  when  it  contained  9  254 
inhabitants.    In  1842  it  had  increased  to  15,436;  in  1852  to 
30;G3  ;  and  in  1856,  to  over  60,000.    It  is  laid  out  with  wide 
streets,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.     The  esplanade 
fronting  the  bay  extends  for  a  distance  of  two  miles.     The  city 
hs  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  well  suppHed  with  pure  water  by 
companies  incorporated  for  those  purposes. 
The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  Parliament  House,  the 
rmyersity  of  Toronto,  Trinity  College.  Upper  Canada  College. 
the  Lunatic  Asylum,  the  Custom  House,  the  Post  Oifice,  St 
mes  Church  (the  English  cathedral),  and  the  Roman  Cath " 
oc  Cathedral;  besides  which  there  are  a  great  number  of 
|churches  of  difiFerent  denominations.    The  Bank  of  Upper  Canada 
uts  head  office  here,  and  there  are  other  banks  and  agencies : 
lab  several  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Companies.     This  is  the 
jracipal  office  of  the  Canada  Land  Company,  which  has  nearly 
two  mimons  of  acres  of  land  for  sale,  situated  in  various  parts 
of  the  Province.    The  hotels  and  public  houses  are  numerous 
anJivell  kept,  making  this  city  a  desirable  sojourn.     Russell's 
I  otel.  the  Clarendon,  the  American,  Sword's  Hotel,  and  Rossin. 
lil^mseonKmg  Street,  are  the  principal  public  houses. 
I  Toronto  has  become  a  great  thoroughfare  by  means  of  steam- . 
ers  and  railroads.    A  constant  intercourse' is  thus  kept  up  with,  f 
.e  different  ports  on  Lake  Ontario,  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  the,  1 

I    lZ'''^'\^Z''-     ^''^^^'^  ^"^  frora  Toronto  to  Hamilton,    ' 
It.  Catherine's,  Niagara,  and  Lewiston  on  the  west  and  south ;    I 
|to  Rochester  and  Oswego  on  the  east:  and  to  r.nr..  v:„«,.;  ' 
-"gston,  Prescott.  Montreal,  etc.,  on  the  northeast"! ^'^  '"' ' 

trr     .  ^^"^"«"-^'  -  ««-g-n  Bay,  connecting  U 
tie  waters  of  Lake  Huron.    The  GranU  Trunk  Railly  ex.. 


150      NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,  ETC. 


tends  northeast  to  Montreal  ard  Quebec,  wliile  its  western  ter 
mination  will  be  at  Port  Sarnia,  lying  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron. The  Toronto  ami  Hamilton  Railroad,  a  branch  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada,  also  terminates  here, 
affording  altogether  facilities  of  great  benefit  to  Toronto  and 
the  whole  of  Canada. 

The  markets  of  Toronto  are  abundantly  supplied  with  every 
description  of  provisions  of  the  best  quality,  and  at  moJm-ate 
prices.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful  during  the  sum- 
mer and  fall  months,  being  modified  by  lake  breezes. 

"  Traue  of  Toronto. — The  value  of  imports  into  Toronto 
last  year  (18")G)  amounted  to  £1,738,057,  showing  an  increase 
on  those  of  1855  of  £338,247.  £822,335  were  from  Great  Brit- 
ain, £14,797  from  B.  A.  Colonies,  £305,404  from  tlie  United 
States,  and  from  other  foreign  countries  £36,119.  Tlie  duties 
collected  on  tliese  imports  were  £195,159,  showing  an  increase 
of  £42  584.  The  exports  during  1850  were  £551,333  (of  wliich 
£176,703  was  of  flour,  and  £202,792  of  wheat),  showii^g  an  in- 
crease of  £147,258 

"  There  wore  shipped  during  the  year  1855  to  American  iiorts 
601,524  bushels  of  wheat,  and  118,807  barrels  of  flour;  during 
1856,  1,132,781  bushels  wheat,  and  97,935  barrels  flour.  To 
Canada  ports  27,230  bushels  wheat,  and  82,370  barrels  flour, 
in  1856 ;  and  92,501  bushels  wlieat,  and  73,824  barrels  flour, 
in  1850. 

"  The  increase  in  the  Hl)ipments  of  wheat,  it  will  be  seen,  are 
equal  to  100  per  cent,  over  those  of  la?t  year,  while  the  increase 
in  flour,  although  not  large,  is  respectable.  Reducing  the  flour 
into  wheat,  at  the  rate  of  five  bushels  per  barrel,  we  havo  tk 
f  jllowiag  for  the  two  seasons  : 

BnshelR.  Value. 

1856 2,084,007        at   7s.        £72!t,40j 

1855 1 ,384,039        at  lOa.  092  :51li 

Increase 099,308  £37,083 

"The  increase  in  value  is  not  so  groat  as  the  inoreiis^  in| 

quantity,  owing  to  th<?  fact  thiit  grain  has  Hold  at  25  per  cent. 

,  lower^in  1860  than  it  did  in  1856.  ^  ^        ,      h 

"  ThH  ruturua  of  the  Custom  House  set  down  the  vjiltie     : 

agricultural  produce  sent  to  thw  United  States  at  £521,-114 

which  is  wry  correct;   add,  however,  that  sent  to  Cana'ijj 

-  ports— say  £230,000— making  the  total  exports  upwiinl  of 

■,£760,000." 


NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    .0    KINGSTON,    ETC.      151 

PoHT  Whxtbv  29  miles  below  Toronto,  lies  on  the  line  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  where  is  a  steamboat  landing,  at  which 
steamers  land  on  their  route  from  Toronto  to  Rochester  etc 

OsHAWA,  33  miles  below  Toronto  by  railroad  route,  is  hand- 
somely situated  a  sliort  distance  from  the  lake  shore  and  has  a 
good  harbor.     It  contains  five  churches,  two  hoteb,  15  stores 
two  woolen  factories,  two  tanneries  and  a  brewery,  besides  other* 
manufacturing  establishments.     Population,  2  500 

BowMANvix.1..,  43  miles  from  Toronto,  lying  a  short  distance 
from  the  lake,  is  connected  with  JJarlinglon  Harbor,  where  i.s  a 
I  steamboat  lanuing. 

Port  Hopk  is  a  port  of  entry  situated  ou  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  (3ntano.  02  miles  f,-om  Toronto  and  98  miles  from  Kiuir. 
ston  y  railroad  route.    This  is  a  safe  harbor,  where  steamers 
ia.l  daily  from  different  ports  on  the  lake,  which  together  with 
.^m  vessels  export  large  quantities  of  produce.    The  village  con- 
tains a  court-house,  six  churches,  four  hotels.  40  stores;  two 
ounug-mills,  a  woolen  factory,  two  iron  foundries,  a  machine- 
%two  t.uincricH,  two  breweries,  and  six  distilleries.    The 
u,n  er  traao  carried  on  at  this  port  ^.  very  extensive  and 
.0  ta.l..    Population.  3,500.    In  addition  to  the  drund  Trunk 
\lmlwa,.  waiob  runs  through  the  town,  a  railroad  runs  from 
ort  Hope  to  Boarerton.  situated  on  Lake  Simcoe.  a  distance  of 

I'^rado         ""^'"'"^  "  ^''"  '""""''  °^  ^^"'"''^*  ^'  emigration 
From  Port  Hope,  or  Cobourg,  going  toward  Kingston  by  rail- 

tlrlT'''  '^Ta'  '"  '''  '"""  "  ^""  ''''''''  ''  ^''^"'^''•■^'  P-^^'-^ing 
th  ough  several  flourishing  towns,  and  near  the  Bay  of  Q«i„to 

I    oBouRo,  handsomely  situated  on  the  north  ..horo  of  Lake 

r  t«r,o.  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Ocnosoo  River,  where  the 

1^0  attains  its  greatest  width,  is  70  miles  from  Toronto,  90 

fl«8from  King,sl.,n,  nnd  203  nmos  from  Montreal  In-  raii.^^,! 

p"l«.    It,  poHsossos  a  g,)od  h.rbor  and  is  much  frequ..,ted  by 

i^*mc,-8  and  sailir.g  vessels,  it  being  one  of  the  regular  lauding. 

^^  .0  lioyal  RIail  Steamers,  which  pass  and  repass,  daily,  on 

'"■way  up  ai.d  down  the  laky.  *^     '        ^'     ' 


152      NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC. 

The  principal  puWic  buildings  in  Cobourg  arc  the  court-house 
and  jail,  and  the  Victoria  College,  ^hich  was  estaUished  in 
1840  by  Act  of  the  Provincial  Legislature,  with  power  to  grant 
degrees  in  the  arts  and  sciences;  there  are  also  a  number  of 
fine  church  edifices.  Here  are  the  r.ost  extensive  cloth  manufac- 
torics  in  the  Province ;  there  are  also  iron,  marble,  and  leather 
manufactories,  with  breweries  and  distilleries,  six  hotels  an 
taverns,  40  or  50  stores  of  different  kinds,  and  a  number  of 
mechanic  shops.  ^Population,  0,000.  Few  places  in  Canada 
present  a  more  beautiful  appearance  from  the  water  than 
Cobourg-the  landscape  being  extensive  and  varied  by  a  most 

delightful  background.  „„      .,      •    i      »u 

The  Cobounr  and  Pelerboro'  Ilailroad,  28  miles  in  length, 
commences  at  this  place,  which,  together  with  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  tends  greatly  to  benefit  Cobourg  and  the  towns  lying 
on  the  rear,  in  the  vicinity  of  like  Lake. 

Cot^BonNK,  14  miles  below  Cobourg,  is  situated  on  the  lino  o 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.    Hero  is  a  good  landing  for  vesstls 
and  a  flourishing  settlement. 

On  leaving  Cobourg  for  Kingston  on  the  downward  trip,  tbc 
steamer  usually  runs  out  into  the  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ont^.r>«, 
Boon  attaining  tlieir  greatest  width.  Often  during  the  prevalence 
of  storms  or  high  winds,  the  unacclimatcd  voyager  oxpcncncos 
sensations  any  thing  but  agreeable ;  sea-sickness  often  Prctra- 
ting  alike  tlie  athletic  male  and  the  delicate  female.  Tins 
however,  on  board  the  larger  class  steamers  is  no  serious  obj(.- 
tion  to  journeying  across  Lake  Ontario,  it  being  considered  the 
most  safe  navigation  of  any  of  the  groat  lakes. 

Xichola'^  Point  and  Island  are  passed  about  40  miles  Inm 
Cobourg.  Next  comes  Wicird  Point,  and  soon  heaves  in  ^ 
Point  Petn  and  WU.  This  light  is  a  consp.cvvous  obj^ 
for  the  mariner,  who  often,  when  off  Prmoo  l.hvard.  thj 
mainland,  experiences  tho  full  force  of  easrenj  nnu  . 

""^DucK  iHtANP,  attached  to  Canada  is  another  note,!  o^ 
for  the  mariner,  cither  descending  or  ascouding  Lake  um^ 


NIAGARA   . 


NIAGARA   AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC.      153 

as  this  is  the  first  important  island  to  be  met  on  descending  from 
the  head  of  the  lake  on  the  Canada  side. 

Outer  Drake  and  Innrr  Drake  are  two  small  islands  situated 
inland  toward  Prince  Edward's  Bay. 

Asihi:rst  Island,  a  largo  and  fertile  body  of  land,  is  nsxt 
passed  on  the  left,  while  Uage  Island  and  aran,l  or  Wo're 
hkiul  may  be  seen  on  the  right ;  these  latter  i.-lands  being 
situated  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario,  or  mouth  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence Kiver,  where  commences  the  celebrated  '«  TJiomand 
1  hlamh." 

Tlie  City  of  KmcsTov,  capital  of  Frontenac  Co.,  Canada.  100 
I  miles  from  Toronto,  and  173  miles  from  Montreal  by  railroad 

rcute,  is  very  advantageously  situated  on  a  beautiful  harbor  at 

the  northeast  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  immediately  above 
|it3  outlet,  "Cataraqui,"  or  St.  Lawrence  Kiver,  in  N.  lat.  41° 

6,  W.  long.  7G°  40'  from  Greenwich.    "  The  view  of  the  city 
I  an!  surrounding  scen.ry  is  not  surpassed  by  the  approaches  to 
iMiy  other  city  in  America.     A  few  miles  above  Kingston  the 
Inters  of  Lake  Ontario  are  divided  by  the  first  of  °tho  long 
JMries  of  islands  so  well  known  to  Tourists  as  the  "  Thousand 
Ulands,"  of  which  Simcoe  and  Grand  or  Wolfe  Islands,  opposite 
jtliecity,  may  bo  locked  upon  ns  strongholds,  designed  by  nature 
jto  withstand  the  encroaches  of  the  waves  of  Ontario.     On  ap- 
Iproaching  from  the  west,  by  water,  the  first  object  that  attracts 
jthe  traveler's  attention  is  Fort  Hmry,  with  the  naval  station 
joi  Fort  Frederick  at  ita  base,  and  its  attendant  battlements. 
f  rtification?.  towers,  and  redoubts.     Fort  Iicnry  is  a  favorite 
|.'^rt  for  visitors,  and  its  elevated  position  affords  the  best  view 
lilt  can  be  had  of  the  city,  lake,  and  surrounding  country  " 
^  The  principal  public  buihb-ng.s  are  the  City  Hall,  cno  of  the 
n^t  and  most  substantial  edifices  in  Canada,  and  buat  of  cut 
k!.^?..'''  *  ""*!'  f  $02,000.     It  contains  oil  tho  public 

'""-Trf  tho  City,  including  a  spacious  hail,  capable  of  seating 
^er  1.000  pei-soas;  tho  court-houso  is  a  largo  stono  building. 
fliieh  is  nlx)ut  being  removed,  and  another,  raoro  In  accordance 
n  the  Hrants  of  tho  citizens,  is  to  be  orootcd  on  a  ground  more 


^£^ 


154     NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC. 

central,  and  its  present  site  occupied  by  a  custom-house  and 
post-offico.     Here  is  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  several 
fine  church  edifices,  in  all  numbering  sixteen.     Queen's  College, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Presbyterians,  has  a  president  nml 
four  professors;  the  College  of  Regiopolis  (Roman  Catholic)  has 
also  a  president  and  four  professors;  the  General  Hospital, 
Hotel  Dieu,  and  a  nunnery  are  also  in  the  city,  while  two  miles 
west  is  situated  the  Trovincial  renitentiary.    It  has  four  bank- 
ing-houses and  several  insurance  offices;  three  well-kept  hotels, 
an°d  about  100  stores  of  dififeront  kinds ;  besides  several  breweries, 
distilleries,  tanneries,  foundries,  machine-shops,  and  a  marine 
railway  and  ship-yard  for  the  building  of  lake  craft;  on  JVaP.y 
Bay,  which  lies  between  Point  Frederick  and  Point  Henry  ij 
the  naval  dock-yard  used  for  government  purposes.     Near  the 
Penitentiary  is  a  mineral  spring  of  some  celebrity,  resi'mbling 
in  its  component  parts  the  Cheltenham  spring  of  England;  (m- 
other  spring  exists  which  is  unusually  strong,  resembling  in 
Bomo  respects  the  -  Artesian  Well"  of  St.  Catherine's.    It  has 
been  analyzed  by  Prof.  Williamson,  and  found  to  contain  vnlu 
able  medical  properties.— Population,  12,000. 

Kingston  occupies  the  site  of  Fort  Fmntcnac,  an  oil  Frencli 
post,  thi.=»  being  one  of  a  chain  of  posts  extending  from  Quebec 
to  Mackinac.  Here  are  owned  20  steamers  and  about  40 
8ch(K,ners,  sailing  to  and  from  the  port,  besides  numerous  other 
Canfttlian  and  American  steamers  and  sailing  vessels.  It  being 
the  outlet  for  the  productions  of  tJio  fertile  Bay  of  Quinte,  anl 
th«  Kuiean  Canal,  terminating  at  Kingston,  makes  it  an  iffi' 
portant  and  active  mart  of  cnnmerco. 


STEAMBOAT    ROUTE 

FEOSf  KINGSTON  TO  BELLEVILLE  AND  PORT   TKENTON 
PASSING  THROUGH  THE  BAY  OF  QUINIE. 


Landings. 
KiNGSTOJV 

Amherst  Island. 
Bath 


Miles. 

0 

13 

...     5-18 

Fredericksburg 10-28 

Adolphustown 4-32 

Stone  Mills 3-35 

PiCTox 5_40 

Indian  Woods 15-55 

.North  Port 8-G3 

Bellevili.e 12-75 

Port  Trentox 12-87 


Landings.  MHys. 

Port  Trkni  ox 0 

Be:llkvii.lk 12 

North  Port 12-24 

Indian  Woods 8-^32 

PiCTox 15-47 

Stone  Mills 6-52 

Adolphustown 8-55 

Fredericksburg 4. -jg 

Bath 10-(50 

Amherst  Island 6-74 

K1NG8TOX 13-87 

Fauk  from  Kingston  to  Picton $1  OO 

Belleville l  60 

^  Several  steamers  leave  Kingston  darily  for  Picton,  Belleville, 
Port  Trenton,  and  intermediate  ports,  during  the  season  of 
navigation,  connecting  at  Belleville  and  Port  Trenton  with  the 
(Jrftad  'JVunk  Railway,  and  line  of  stages  running  to  llicc  Lake, 
Peterlwro',  etc. 

On  leaving  the  wharf  at  Kingston  the  steamers  run  in  « 
westerly  direction,  passing  the  Brothers,  to  Amhkrst  Island, 
13milo8.  This  ifi  a  largo  anu  fertile  island,  inhabited  by  an 
intelligent  and  prosperous  class  of  citizens.  Hero  coramonves 
'iie  Bay  ok  Quixte,  a  long,  crooked,  and  picturesque  body  of 
^mr,  into  which  emptica  tho  Nabanee.  Moira.  and  TrAnt 
fivors. 

U/iTH,  18  miles  from  Kinpton,  is  .situated  on  tho  main  shore, 
|»W^Jto  Amiicrst  Island.  It  wmtaina  about  GOO  inliabitanta, 
I  *'U>  a  fine  back  country. 


156 


KINGSTON    TO    BELLEVILLE,    ETC. 


Frei^ehicksburg,  28  miles  from  Kingston,  is  a  settlement 

on  the  mainland. 

Ai'OLPH UPTOWN,  32  miles  from  Kingston,  is  situated  on  the 
mainland,  opposite  Mauyshurg,  located  on  Prince  Kdwara's 

Island. 

Stone  J^Iills,  35  miles  from  Kingston,  is  situated  on  Prinoa 
Edward's  Island,  near  a  most  remarkable  hike,  elevated  some 
300  feet  above  the  Bay  of  Quiute.  It  is  called  the  La'ic  of  the 
Mountain,  being  lialf  a  mile  in  length,  and  nearly  ns  wde.  It 
has  no  perceptible  inlet,  but  discharges  a  large  volume  of  water, 
which  is  used  in  propelling  several  mills  of  ditferent  kinds. 

PiCTON,  40  miles  from  Kingston,  and  35  miles  from  Belle- 
ville by  water,  is  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  Co.,  C.  W.,  being 
handsomely  situated.  The  Bay  of  Quinte,  which  here  expamU 
to  a  considerable  width,  is  called  Hallowcll  Bay.  The  village 
contains  about  2,000  inhabitants;  a  court-house  and  jail, one 
Episcopal,  one  Presbyterian,  ono  Methodist,  and  one  Roman 
Catholic  church,  two  hotels,  and  several  taverns,  twelve  store?, 
one  steam  flouring-mill,  one  large  tannery,  and  an  extensive 
carriage  manufactory. 

On  leaving  Picton,  tho  steamer  runs  north  to  the  landing 
called  l7nUan\Voods,  when  a  westerly  course  is  again  pursncJ 
to  the  head  of  the  bay,  passing  Morri.%  or  Hidl\i  Maml,  anl 
several  beautiful  headlands.  Hero  is  another  expam^on  of 
water  called  IlalFs  5ai/,onCapt.  Owen's  (n.  n.)  Chart  of  Lake  | 

Ontario.  , 

BICI.I.KVILI.K,  Hastings  Co.,  C  W..  is  advantageously  sUuateJ  ] 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moira,  75  miles  by  steamboat  route, 
and  only  47  miles  by  railroad  from  Kingston.    This  h  ft  v,vy 
thriving  town,  now  containing  about  8.000  inhabitants;  th^ 
county  building?,  a  town  hall  and  market  building;  a  Metl-ni- 
iat,  a.«nii!iarv-.  orcjcted  in  1855:  ono  Episcopal,  two  Presbyten.ui 
two  Methodist,  and  one  Boman  Catholic  church ;  four  hotof,  ml 
a  number  of  taverns;  50  etores  of  different  kmds.  Md  nm^f 
kindM  c.f  mechanic  work«hup8.     Tho  Moira  River  afford,  a  ^r^ 
watcr-powev,  here  being  situated  ono  Woolen   factory,  tir 


K1N(3ST0N    TO   BELLEVILLE,    ETC. 


157 


flouring-mills,  four  saw-mills,  one  paper-mill,  one  axe  factory, 
one  extensive  distillery,  tliree  foundries  and  machine-shops,  and 
asbip.yard.  This  is  a  great  market  for  lumber,  grain,  and 
other  kinds  of  produce.  It  is  proposed  to  extend  a  railroad  from 
Belleville  to  Lake  Simcoe,  and  thence  to  the  Georgian  Bay  of 
Lake  Huron. 

Port  Trenton,  87  miles  from  Kingston  by  steamboat  route, 
and  59  miles  by  railroad,  is  another  growing  place  and  port  of 
entry,  situated  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  at  the  mouth 

I  of  Trent  River.  It  contain?  about  1 ,200  inhabitants ;  one  Epis- 
copal and  one  Methodist  church ;  three  hotels,  ten  stores,  one 
grist-miU,  one  extensive  steam  saw-mill,  one  large  tannery,  two 
distilleries,  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  and  ship-yards.  Steamers 
run  from  Port  Trenton  to  Kingston,  Prcscott,  Montreal,  etc., 

I  trans-shipping  a  large  amount  of  lumber  and  country  produce. 
The  River  Trent,  which  is  the  outlet  of  Pemedashcoutayong, 

I  or  Rice  Lake,  is  a  fine  stream  of  water,  and  is  in  part  navi- 
"He  for  steamers  running  into  the  lake.  Iramonso  quantities 
of  wild  rice  are  found  in  the  low  waters  of  this  lake  and  its  vi- 
cinity,  which  abound  in  game  of  different  kinds,  affording 

I  ample  sport  and  profit  to  the  huntsman. 
The  principal  inlet  of  Rice  Lake  is  called  OtoniOee  River, 

ping  the  outlet  of  a  succession  of  lakes,  the  most  celebrated  of 

hiiich  lies  823  foot  above  the  ocean,  and  is  called  Bu/sam  Lake ; 

jtlie  other  bodies  of  water  are  called  Sturgeon  Lake,  West  Lake', 

m  East  Lake.     From  Balsam  Lake  to  the  Bay  of  Quinto 
liere  is  a  succession  of  falls  of  588  feet  descent. 


iffi&li 


LIST  OF  STEAMERS. 


AJIERICAN  STEAMEK3  BUILT  ON  LAKE  ONTARIO  AND  EIVEh 
BT.  LAWRENCE  SINCE  THEIR  INTRODUCTION  IN  1S16. 


HiiMt  NnniP  Tons.  Wl.pre  hiil.t.  Rcm^uks. 

1816    Ontario   232 . .  Sacket's  Harbor— broken  up. 

1818"  "sophia  T5.  .Sacket's  Harbor-broken  up. 

1-23    Martha  Ogden...    150.. Sacket's  Harbor-lost  in  1S32. 

1830    Brownvillo 150..Brownvil1e— broken  up. 

1831 '  Charlps  Carroll . .   100 . .  Sackefs  Harbor— broken  up. 

"  " "  Paul  Pry.  ...  50 . .  Ogdenshurgh— broken  up. 
1833.' ."united  States.'. . .  450 . . Ogdensburgh  -  brokt.;.  up. 
1833. .Black  Hawk....   200.. French  Creek— broken  up. 

is;?!.  .Oswego 400. .Oswego,  N.  Y.-broken  up. 

1836 . .  Oneida SOD . .  Oswego,  N.Y.-broken  up. 

1S37.. Telegraph 200. .Dexter  N.  Y.-laid  up 

1 838 . .  John  Marshall. . .     60 . . Lake  Erie-lost  in  1844. 
1839 . .  St.  Lawrence ....   450 . .  Oswego,  N.  1  .-broken  up. 

"      Express li50..Pultneyville— tow  boat. 

184L  iOeorge  Clinton. .   100.  .Oswego,  N.  Y.-destroyed 

"    ..President 60.  .Oswego,  N.  Y.-lost  in  1844. 

1842.  .Lady  of  the  Lake  425.  .Oswego,  N.  Y.-burnt  i»  li>'>4- 

1843    Rocheste' 850.. Oswego,  N.  Y.— name  changed. 

IsS"  "NiaSar a!.  .....   473.  .Clayton  N.  Y.-Lewiston  t<.  Ogdensburgh, 

1847 "  ■  Calariu  t         ....   677 . .  Clayton,  N.  Y.-Lewiston  to  Ogdonsbure  , 

1848"Bay  8  alo  1,098.  .Clayton,  N.  Y.-Lewiston  to  Ogdensburg  . 

"   ■ '  Outar  o    .   832 . .  Clayton,  N.  Y.-Lewiston  to  Oi?densburgh 

1849"  "North-rner 905.  .Oswego,  N.  Y.-Lewiston  to  Ogdensburs: , 

ism! ".New  York 1,200.  .Clayton,  N.  Y.-Lewisto.i  to  Ogdensbursjh, 

RUNNING   ON   THE    ST.    LAWUENCE    HIViR. 

Jcnnv  Lind    800 . . Montreal,  C.  E.-Ogdensburgh  to  Montreal. 

MoiUrca       ' "  800 . .  Kingston,  C.  W.-Ogdensburgh  to  Montreal 

British  Queen 800.  .Grand  Island-Ogdensburgh  to  MoutrcaL 


BRmSH   STEAMERS    BUILT   ON  LAKE   ONTARIO  AND  THE, 
RIVER  ST.  LAWRENCE  SINCE  1816. 

»l„<1t  NHnie.  T.)„ii.  Wliern  ImlU.  R«.m.vks. 

ISl 6  .  Frcntenac  (Ist) 500 ... . Kingston,  0.  W.-brokcn  up. 

1817  .Charlotte 160.... Kingston. 

I'^ti* , .  DHlhousie 850 ... . Prescott. 

1824. .Toronto 200. . . .Toronto. 

"    . ,  Quceiiston 860 ... . Qnccnston. 

18a5..CRnndRa9t) 260.... Toronto. 

"      Niagara... 400.... Brock vdlo. 

182s!.Alclope 460.... Niagara. 

1899.  .Sir  Jiuncs  Kempt 2  0...  .Kingston. 

18«0.. Great  Britain.... TOO  ...Prescott. 

1831    IroQuois 100 ... .  Prescott. 

lSH'i...)oh?i  By 100....King.^ton. 

"      WilllHUi  the  Fourth 450. . . .Oniianoque-tow  boat. 

"      Transit  850  ...Oakvilie— wrecked. 

18J».' .Britannia! 200. . .. Kingston— broken  up. 

"   ..Cobourg 600....Cobourg. 

"   ..Kingston  (1st). 200  ...Kingston. 


LIST    OP    8TEAMIJRS,    ETC. 


159 


183;}.  .Bnxikville 850 

]S34..Coin.  Barrie 275 

"  ..Enterprise '.'.',,[  20o' 

'  ..union o^n 

1835.. Traveller o-,." 

..St.  George 400 

133T..Sir  Robert  Peel .:;:  850.: 


Wl.erebn'U.        R^.miks. 

.Urockvllle. 
.Kingston-lost  in  1842. 

•  Kingston— broken  np. 
.Oakville-ehanged  to  barque. 
.Niagara— tow  boat. 

•  Kingston    laid  up. 
.Brockville  -  burnt  in  IS-'iS. 
.Niagara-  runs  on  Lake  Huron, 
.Niagara— wrecked. 
.Niagara-broken  up. 

•  Kingston— tow  boat. 
Prescott— name  changed 

ot^n       S"'*'?"  .*?."  I-ac-brokeu  up. 

Frontenae  (2d) <^,.J;;---i>.'»e»^"n- 


41 


"  ..Gore ■  200 

,'  ••^'^''^"^''ctoria 200 ■; 

MS.  .J.xperiment 150 

I539. .Henry  Gildersleeve. .'.'.'.'  250 " 

"  ..Ontario* g^jj)-' 

1S40.. Highlander  (1st) :;;  300." 

..Albion 

« 


1^1 


lost  in  1S48. 


"::p;=rR^:::: S-S^Tn^'»^ 

"  ..Canada  (2d)^..       ::;••  i?  ' ' " " tJ  "^5,^- «^  .f'""'- 


,,        ,   <2J) 450 

..Despatch 200 

1342. . Priiiee  of  Wales. . .' ." .'  .* .' ." .'  20O 


"  ..Admiral ^^q 

"  ::^Uand1iV°''"«°"--  SS  -^'"^-^-F^-^^'^-e^^ 
"  ..Mohawk   iro  1)      :;•••••  i«o""t.v  '  "  V"  ••'^"'■"t '»  l^^^i- 


Predcott— tow  boat! 
... ......... laid  up. 

•  Kingston-name  changed. 

•  Niagara— runs  on  St.  Lawrence. 


m 


p,       ,      0/«") 150. 

•  tlierokee  (gov.  steamer)  700 
•Eclipse ;  40Q 


'  BRrrisH 


.Kingston-runs  on  Lake  Erie. 
Kmg.ston-sent  to  Halifax. 

changed  to  schooner. 


..Niagara 


ON    LAKE    OVTAHIO 
I'lVER,   18.56. 


AND   THE 


'  mm  To 

..Toronto N 


lagara. 
Oswego,  N.  Y. 


STEAMERS    HVSNING 
ST.    LtWREJfCK 

7^„"®^* James  Dick 4oo 

^™'r'"»» r).Millorv..         500 

™P'on W.  Wilson         .sS 

ii'Sf^^^:;::;;?:K'"" •^g-Toronto.:;;:;.Rochester,N:x 

h\Just  KoLson.\.]Ie.STounT--3^    r  .  "  PortDalhouslo. 

Arabian.  ...  s  in    r       ^    "VJ^-  J^^t^OMrg Os  w.'go,  N.  Y. 

5;£o„(2d);::;::;S^:'£Uou::::S--""''Ji''"" ^~ 

fe:::::::»:::::::- 

[-£:::;::::|.!S„a;:;::S 
W;'i--''--:-^'"™i7.';:;:;S 

yj  Of  till' Hay w.  K  vf-^n.«ft    :■:". 

F;^m..Aap;er..0.p.Creighlon:;I(m 
'         " C.  Chrysler 100 


<( 
11 

« 


It 
ii 
It 


Montreal. 


ir  - 


„.       .  Prescott. 

•Kingston I'nn  Trenton. 

Belleville. 


..Port  Trenton 


Cape  Vincent. 
•  Montreal. 


^^^Z^ZS^jllI^'^'^-'"^'.'^:      <^ 


i.'jiitj 


ma^-\ 


^^^^ 


100 


LIST    OF    STEAMERS,  ETC. 


RUNNING    ON    THE    ST.    I     WRENCE    RIVER. 

Xiime.  Cfimmandera.  Tona.        From  To 

Banshee T.  Howard 800. .Kingstoa Montreal. 

NewEra P.  Q.  Clirysler...200  " 

Ottawa   J.Pw.Kelley 270  "  " 

St.  Lawrence T.Maxwell 200  "  " 

Note. — The  Tonnage  of  British  Steamers  is  rated  about  one 
third  less  than  by  the  American  measurement,  owing  to  de- 
ducting the  space  for  engine  and  machinery. 

The  Steamers  America,  and  Canada,  two  large  vessels  of 
about  800  tons  each,  were  recently  built,  and  run  from  Harail- 
ton  to  Brockville,  in  connection  with  the  Great  Western  Hall- 
way of  Canada ;  but  after  the  completion  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  to  Toronto  they  were  found  unprofitable,  have  since  been 
condemned,  and  their  engines  taken  out  and  sold. 


CANADIAN  VESSELS. 
t ;.  :,w  i  list  of  Canadian  steamers,  propellers,  and  schooners 
trixd!]'  i-;  on  the  Lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  recently  com- 
piled, we  gather  the  following  facts  :  In  commission,  47  steam- 
ers, 17  propellers,  and  171  schooners ;  the  tonnage  of  which 
(British  measurement)  amounts  to  about  42,000  tons ;  the  esti- 
mated value  being  about  $3,500,000. 


LIST  OP  BRITISI 
ST.  LAWKENC 

»nl!t.       Name. 

ISlO.Accommodatio 

l5l2  Swiftsuro 

ISU.Mal.shain 

1S!6  Car  of  Com-ne; 

1917.Lady  Sherbroo 

"  .Gale  Ionia  .... 

"  .Telegraph 

ISiS.New  .Swif(8iirj, 

"  .Quebec  (1st)  .. 

1?2J. Montr  -al  (Lit) . 

"  .Cliain  ly  

"  .St.  Lawr.'nce  (] 
l»3.LaPr.tirie..... 

l>25.IIor 'iiles 

''  .Eilinim  i  llenrj 

15'26,W:iti'r!oo 

lS29.Brili.^li  Amerlci 
"  .John  Mobou. 

lN'!2Voyiif;our 

"  .Cm'uki 

"  .Canadian  Eaajh 

"  .Patriot ?., 

1S3.3. Britannia 

im  John  Hull 

,  1^36.Princi!.'<,s  Victor! 

I  lS3;.Cim-lovoi.x 

59. Lady  Oolborne 
,    '  .Lord  Sydenham 

i  l?40.QiieeM.   

IW. Montreal  (2'1).  . 
1^2  North  America. 

I  1S43. Alliance  

.St.  Louis 

.Prince  Albert  (ii 
|lif5.Lord  El:,'in  ... 
.Q'ieliec(-2d).... 
,       .Rowland  llilL.. 

I  W6. John  Mann 

.Richt'li'ii 

iJlT.Iron  Duke  (iron 

"  .Ottawa 

HW. Jiiquea  Cartier. . 

1^19  Cri's.'cnt 

|W2.Castor 

.9t.  L  iwrence  (2i] 
lpLMontri>al(3d)... 
I  "  .J. M'Kei.zie.... 

"  .Saffiicnay 

;;  .Pr!n.o../Royal. 
•  Huron    .  . 
,,"  .Musk  Rat....!.' 

|l»5.0iiltiviiteur 

„   .Afivunoe  

I  '»6.Na|)oleon 

•Victoria. '. 


LIST    OF    STEAMERS,  ETC. 


161 


LIST  OF  BRITISH  STEAMERS  BUILT  AND  RUNNIXO  OX  THE 
ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER,  BELOW  MONTREAL  SINCE  1810. 

Ballt.       Name.  Tons.  Where  buiH.    Remarks. 

J?}Si°?,'?'""^°<^'i"on----  -.Montreal -broken  up. 
KU  ^\T'' -Montreal -broken  up. 

U.Malsharn -.Montreal-broken  up. 

W6  Car  of  Com-nerce...  -Montreal-broken  up. 
IS  7.La.ly  Sherbrooke . .    -. Mmtreal-broken  up. 

„  •^i'l'i  Ionia  -.Montreal    broken  up. 

, "  -^^j^'graph ~.Mon  real-brot  ■„  up, 

1  iS.New  Sw.fts.irj -.M^.ntreal    br  )ken  up. 

,   „  Q''^  '««   'f  I) ./ -  •  Q'lebec -broken  ur, 

!?21Mo.itr  '.al  (l.st) -.Montr  al-broken  up. 

;  .Ciani  ly  ....  — .Montreal-broken  ur. 

.St.  LaNvr.nce  (1st)..  -.Montreal-broken  up. 

h  ■  .La  Prune -.Montreal-broken  up. 

ha.IIer  ules     300. Montr  al-broken  up. 

,  A-w  ?""    "*''""^ -. Montr. al  -l.roken  up. 

6.A\at,-r.oo..... 200  La  Prairie.  C.  E.- lost  in  the  ice. 

1  9,Briti.shAmer.ca... .391. Montreal-broken  up. 

.John  Molson 3ii0  Montreal-broken  up. 

IfYoy.urc'ar 300  Montr  'al-broken  up. 

,  •^■'"'^•^    ■■;•.. 8.-)0. Mo.treal-brokou  up. 

.Cana.lian  Lagle.  ...250  Montreal  -broken  up. 

,"  i:T"'-.  100.  Montreal -broken  up. 

AlBntanniii U5  Montreal-broken  up.    . 

m  John  Bull  . ...       .  .500.Montr,.al~burnt  in  13.39. 

^'J''Pf'"«''-^s  Victoria. .  .171 .  Montre^il  -tow  boat. 

s  ..Ciia-levoix 200.  Montreal -broken  up. 

1^39,La(l.v  Co  borne  ....2o0  Montreal -broken  up. 
.Lord  Syilenhain. . . .  -Lake  Ontario-broken  up. 

^?  ?r"":"-  , Vo.V ^"2  Sf^-el,  0.  E.-laid  up.      ^ 

W  .Mon  real  (2.|) 378. Montreal-wrecked  IS53. 

W  .Wth  America 181. Montreal  -broken  up. 

wa.Alliance  192.Montreal— laid  up. 

J  •J.K'ouis 190  Sorel,  C.  E.— laid  up. 

1^  Lord^FMn""'  (iron).183  Montreal    Champl  ,in  &  ?t.  Lawr'nce  Ferry 

"    n  ,         7  n ]?'\  It'^^^  Ontario  -Montreal  to  Kinffston 

»  -^^Z  \-u\ ^^^.9"^''"°  -Montreal  to  Quebec.    ^ 

Ki«  T^^'w''  "'" 250  Quebec-tow  boat. 

T  'S  ^?»"" 4ii0.Quebec~Montreal  to  Quebec. 

.R.chel|Y  .       ....  ..70  Sorel,  0.  E.~  Montreal  to  Chambly 

||fe:^.?^!'r::;::::  g.KlvSl^i;^?^"^  to  Three  River,. 

'Stn^Vence^iilDiilsS  '''"''■'"'  -'''^"''^"' '"  '^'^'°«  ^'^«»- 

'  'f^'^'xV'fi"'^'  ^^^) 800. Quebec  -  Burnt,' JunV  27'  18.57 

«  •^•^I'l^ei.zie p.  Quebec -Montreal  to  Quedee. 

«  •&':::!]L^>'p-:.:,i SOO  8"r^'''.C.  E.-QuebectoSaguenay. 

;' :ii«ron"  :!!f!•.:;::,s5o■w,c!T''~'^"''""'^^"""'""y• 
l  li-s'r^lh  "^  ^''^ ^^'^  Montreal  -Montreal  to  Lon!?ueil. 

ISM.C,  Itivateur 60  Montreal  -Montreal  to  Berthier. 

K«'m    '?'''^  ^  -.Quebee-Quet)ec  to  River  du  Loud, 

I  '^N'  I'oleon 114  Montreal  -Montreal  to  Quebec.    ^ 

•  ♦  i^it^ni 114 .  Montreal-Montreal  to  Quebec. 


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162 


CAN'ALS  OF  CANADA. 


CANALS  OF  CANADA,  SHOWING  THEIE  LENGTH, 
LOCKS,  ETC. 


Name.,  i:tc.  .^'"""'^ 

'  lu  inUi.'H. 

Wellanu  Canal. 
Main  Trunk,  Tort  Colborno  to 

Pt.  Dalhousie 28 

Dunuvillo  Feeder,  junction  to 

Dunnville 21 

Broad  Creek  Branch 1 J 

St.  Lawrence. 

The  Gallops 2 

Point  Iroquois C 

Rapid  Plat 4 

Farren's  Point | 

Cornwall IIA^ 

(Long  Saut  Rapida) 
Beauuaknois 11^ 

(Cascade,  Cedars,  oto.)  , 
La  Chine 8^ 

Total,  from  L.  Erie  to  Montreal    69 
Add  fall  not  requiring  locks  . 
Fall  from  Montreal  to  tide- 
water at  Three  Riv.,  C.  E. 


Cl,Nt. 


27      330 


1 

8 

1 

8  . 

2 

8 

1 

G 

2 

m 

1 

4 

7 

48 

►  X  1,001,497 


£1,052,601 


9 

5 
64 


Grand  total 


82^ 

45 

535  feet. 
17 

18 
505  foet. 


£CGo,3.]l 
£181,736 


Note. — Lake  Huron  is  elcviitod  nino  feet  abovo  LnkoErie,  i 
and  Lake  Superior  is  elevated  2»)  foet  above  Lake  Huron- 
making  ft  total  elevation  almvo  tide-wator,  or  the  ocean,  o{0>\ 
foet,  according  to  recent  surveys. 

I.i'lUtll  III 

mill  a. 

Chamhly  Canat llj 

(Iliver  Klchelieu) 

St.  Ours  Lock,  do 

8r.  Anne's  Lock. 

(Ottawa  luvur) 


I.m-Ui. 

9 
1 
1 


111  li-et. 

74 


Coil, 


RiKKAU  (JaNAI, 


^ 


Kingston  to  Ottawa  City  . .   120        37       457       Xnnr),000 


Ottawa  Canal  and  Locks 


£117,0-17 


I    ■ 


TRIP  FROM  KINGSTON  TO  MOXTREAL. 


rj.  i 


Thk  Amoncan  steamers  on  leaving  Kingston  on  their  trip  to 
Ogdenaburgh  run  between  Grand  Inland  and  Howe  Island,  two 
large  islands  belonging  to  the  British,  when   they  enter   the 
American  Channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  land  at  Clayton 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  French  Creek,  while  the  Canadian 
steamers  usually  run  the  North  or  British  Channel,  passing 
Gananoqui,  20  miles  below  Kingston.     This  is  usually  the  first 
landing  made  by  the  British  steamers  in  descending  the  river 
unless  they  stop  to  take  in  wood  at  some  of  the  numerous  islands' 
Thk  Thousand  Isr.ANDs.-Tho  remarkable  group  of  islands 
in  the  Ihver  St.  Lawrence  called  «  T/,e  Thousand  Islands  " 
commences  opposite  the  city  of  Kingston,  and  stretches  down  tlio 
river  for  between  40  and  50  miles,  for  which  distance  the  St 
Lawrence  is  between  six  and  twelve  miles  wide.    They  lie  partly 
m  Canada  and  partly  witliin  the  bounds  of  the  State  of  Now 
ork.  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada 
(linding  them  into  about  equal  parts. 

From  an  examination  of  Bayfield's  chart  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  ,t  appears  that  Wolfe  or  Grand  Ihlaivd,  belonging  to 
.0  British,  is  18  miles  long  and  from  one  to  six  miles  whie 
Tins  ,s  the  largest  island  of  the  group,  and  contains  much  good 
land,  being  inhabited  by  a  number  of  families.  A  canal  is  com- 
-ncnccd,  extending  across  this  islam!,  to  facilitate  trade  with 
Upo  Vincent. 

Gaok  l8t  and,  lying  west  of  Grand  Mand.  is  three  miles  long. 

I  0? '^«  -"tl-vest  end  may  be  seen  a  light-house  asyou  approach 

Kingston  from  Toronto  or  Oswego.    The  American  boats  usually 

run  between  this  inland  and  Wolfe  Island,  through  tiie  PaJt 

tr  Hateau  Channel. 

On  V,  vnn.N  I.LANr.,  opposite  Kingston,  is  situated  a  large 
.bor  e.tabl...hment,  whore  may  usually  be  seen  vessels  taking 
m  lumber,  destined  for  different  ports. 


164 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


Howe  Island,  also  belonging  to  the  British,  is  eight  milag 
long,  and  from  one  to  two  miles  -wide,  lying  near  the  Canada 
shore.  The  usual  steamboat  route,  on  ascending  and  descending 
the  river,  is  between  this  island  and  Wolfe  Island,  running 
through  the  Kingafon  or  British  ChannrI,  a  wide  expanse  of 
water,  extending  from  near  Kingston  to  French  Creek,  on  the 
American  side. 

The  American  Chaniiel  runs  east  of  Wolfe  or  Grand  Island, 
between  that  and  Cape  Vincent,  where  extends  the  boundary 
line  between  the  two  countries,  this  being  considered  the  niaiu 
channel. 

Carleton  Island,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  is  situ- 
ated  nearly  opposite  Cape  Vincent,  It  contains  about  1,200 
acres  of  excellent  land,  and  is  an  important  island,  as  it  com- 
mands the  American  Channel  of  the  St.  LaAvreuce,  and  has  in 
fine  coves  or  harbors  at  the  upper  end,  where  are  extensive 
lumber  stations.  Hero  was  erected  a  fort  by  the  British  in 
1777,  and  it  became  their  principal  military  and  naval  depot 
for  Lake  Onlario  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  Some  years 
afterward,  the  shipping  and  public  stores  were  removed  to 
Kingston,  but  the  island  was  retained  and  occupied  by  Brit'"' 
troops  until  1812,  when  the  guard  was  surprised  and  take 
a  party  of  New  York  militia. 

The  Avaters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  among  the  islands  he ;  vary 
at  different  seasons  from  three  to  four  feet  in  height,  exposing 
some  hundreds  of  islets  at  its  lowest  stage. 

The  fish  most  abundant  are  the  maskalongo,  pickerel,  black 
bass,  pike,  perch,  rock  bass,  cat-fish,  and  eels.  The  maskalongc, 
pickerel,  and  black  bass  are  taken  by  trolling;  the  piko  are 
taken  in  nets,  and  the  perch,  rock  bass,  etc  ,  are  taken  by  hook 
and  lino. 

On  the  islands  arc  found  deer,  foxes,  raccoons,  rabbits,  squir- 
rels, muskrats,  and  minks ;  also  partridges,  quail,  and  wild  ducks 
in  abundance. 

Qrindstovk  Imland,  five  and  a  half  miles  long,  belongs  to 
the  United  States.     This  is  a  largo  island,  lying  in  the  mid- 


KINGSTOiV    TO    MONTREAL. 


L 


t.l 


^0  of  the  mer.  a  short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  French 
Greek.  Here,  it  is  said,  the  noted  Bill  Johnson  has  his  favorite 
abode,  either  on  the  main  island,  or  the  small  island  in  its  im- 
mediate  vicinity,  called  Johnson's  Island. 

Well's  Island,  another  large  and  important  island,  eight  or 
nme  miles  in  length,  is  attached  to  the  State  of  New  York  •  it 
1.CS  mostly  above  the  village  of  Alexandria,  the  boundary  line 
running  on  its  west  side,  where  lies  a  beautiful  body  of  water 
caUed  the  "  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands^  which  is  a  favor-' 
ite  resort  for  the  angler  and  sportsman. 

The  Admiraltv  Islands  are  a  group  lying  below  Howe 
tiand,  and  belong  to  the  British.    Here  the  Canadian  Channel 
lecomes  a  perfect  labyrinth  for  a  number  of  miles,  and  the 
navigation  would  be  very  dangerous  were  it  not  for  the  great 
depth  of  water  and  bold  shores  of  the  islets,  and  light  houses 
The  Fleet  Group,  or  Navy  Islands,  commence  opposite 
Grindstone  Island,  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  river,  and  ex- 
tends  for  some  distance  below  to  opposite  Well's  Island     Hero 
ito  boundary  line  runs  close  to  the  latter  island,  r'vin'r  most 
•jfthe  small  islands  to  the  British.  ° 

The  Old  Friknds  are  a  small  group  immediately  below 
MYa  Island,  belonging  to  tlie  United  States. 
The  Indian  Group  also  lie  on  tlio  American  side  of  the  chan- 
I  ncl,  a  few  miles  below  the  latter  islands. 

The  Amatkur  Islands  lie  in  the  middle  of  the  river,  oppo- 
lite  Chippewa  Creek,  and  are.  in  part,  attached  to  the  State  of 
p'ew  York,  and  a  part  belong  to  Canada,  the  boundary  lino 
running  between  them. 

Immediately  below  the  latter  islands  tlio  river  contracts  to 

one  or  two  miles  in  width,  and  the  Thousand  Islands,  of  which 

tliero  are  at  least  fourteen  hundred,  may  be  ...M  to  terminate, 

although  a  largo  collection  of  islands  called  nroc/,\s  Group, 

|I:ing  mostly  on  the  Canada  side,  are  passed  ii  .liort  distan-s 

jwiow  the  village  of  Brockvillo,  where  the  St.  Lawrence  River 

N  aliout  one  mile  wide,  which  width  it  averages  for  80  or  40 

pies,  until  you  approach  the  rapids  below  Ogdensburgh,  when 


m- 


166 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTUEAL. 


it  narrows  to  about  half  a  mile  in  width,  with  banks  tievatecl 
but  a  few  feet  above  the  water. 

"  The  man  stream  of  the  St.  Lawrence,"  says  Buckin^rliani, 
speaking  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  "is  so  thickly  studded  with 
islands  that  it  is  like  passing  througli  a  vast  archipelago,  rather 
than  navigating  a  mighty  river.  They  are  for  tha  most  part 
rocky  islets,  sometimes  rising  in  abrupt  cliffs  from  the  water. 
and  so  bold  and  steep  that  you  may  run  the  boat  near  enough 
to  touch  the  cliffs  from  the  vessel.  A  few  only  are  Ioat  and  flat, 
but  being  nearly  all  wooded,  they  form  a  perpetual  succession 
of  the  most  romantically  beautiful  and  picturesque  groups  that 
oan  be  conceived." 

Among  the  Thousand  Islands  are  usually  found  iniinonse 
quantities  of  Avater-fowl  and  other  kinds  of  wild  game,  ivliich, 
during  the  spring  and  summer  months,  afford  great  pleasure  to 
the  sportsman.  The  fishing  is  also  excellent  for  the  most  part 
of  the  year.  During  the  months  of  July  and  August,  pleasure 
parties  from  the  surrounding  country,  and  strangers  from  a 
distance,  resort  here  for  their  amusement,  enjoying  themsehes 
to  their  heart's  content  by  hunting,  fishing,  and  bathing,  being 
surrounded  by  wild  and  interesting  scenery  and  invigorating 
air,  not  exceeded  by  any  section  of  the  United  States  or  Canada. 

The  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  fact  for  its  entire  length  of  sev- 
eral hundred  miles,  presents  a  magnificent  appearance,  wU 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  tourist.  The  Rapids,  now  success- 
fully navigated  on  their  downward  trip  by  steamboats  of  a  large 
class,  returning  through  the  canals,  afford  a  deeply  interesting 
excursion.  The  cultivated  fields  and  settlements  intcrohangiug  j 
with  bolder  features,  impart  a  grandeur  as  well  as  variety  and 
beauty  to  the  river  and  its  shores  which  no  other  stream  on 
the  continent  po.sscs8C8  in  an  equal  degree. 

BiiocKviixE,  CO  miles  below  Kingston  and  125  miles  abere 
Montreal  by  railroad  route,  is  a  beautiful  and  flourishing  town 
of  about  .'j.OOO  inhabitants ;  it  contains  a  court-house  and  jniU  j 
custom-hou.so,  several  churches,  two  good  hotels,  and  many  fine  j 
buildings,  besides  several  extensive  manufacturing  cstabliiili' 


KINGSTON'    TO    MONTREAL. 


w 


banks  tfevated 


monts.  Here  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landm^:,  where  the 
American  and  British  passage-boats  usually  land  on  thoir  trips 
npand  down  the  river,  the  stream  here  being  about  two  miles 
iu  width. 

Tlie  Grand  Trunk  liailway,  which  runs  through  the  town, 
m  ad  le<l  much  to  the  growth  and  trade  of  this  place.  The 
Brockvillc  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  which  is  in  the  course  of  con- 
stmction.  wlicn  finished,  will  further  add  to  its  prosperity,  the 
country  in  the  rear  being  very  fertile  and  heavily  timbered, 
producing  large  quantities  of  grain  and  lumber. 

Maitland  is  a  small  village,  five  miles  below  Brockville  on 
tli3  same  side.  It  contains  a  church,  a  public  house,  and  sorao 
M  inhabitants. 

Tiie  town  of  Prescott,  C.  W.,  is  situated  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  directly  opposite  Ogdensburgh,  beino-  60 
miles  below  Kingston  and  1 13  miles  above  Montreal  bv  railroad 
route.    Tliis  point  may  be  considered  as  the  foot  of  lake  and 
rircr  navigation  for  sail  ves.  Is,  as  the  Gallop  Rapids  occur  about 
Mindos  below,  where  commences  the  first  of  the  series  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  canals,  terminating  with  the  La  Chine  Canal,  which 
enters  Montreal.     Prescott  is  a  port  of  entry  and  contains  a 
cistcm-houso,  a  town- hall,  four  churches,  six  public  houses,  20 
or  JO  ..Jores,  a  founrlry  and  machine-shop,  together  with  several 
biewer.es  and  distilleries,  and  three  extensive  laundries      This 
1?  «l3o  a  groat  depot  for  lumber  and  country  produce. 

British  and  American  steamers  usually  land  at  Prescott  several 
t:mes  daily  on  their  route  up  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence.  Two 
rtoam  ferry-boats  are  also  constantly  running  between  this  place 
I  an,l  Og  U.nsbui-gli.  The  Uraud  Trunk  Railway  passes  through 
jl'o  town,  and  the  Ottawa  and  Prescott  /;«//rW,  63  miles  in 
J-ngth,  terminates  here,  affording  a  speedy  and  direct  route  to 
I  '):tawa  City  and  the  lumber  region  above. 

No  scclion  of  Canada  has  faimr  r^^^=r^^*a  nf  „,i . 

'  -n  nrockv.lle  and  Prescott,  if  the  advantages  are  c.nbraccd 
of  fcrinnig  linos  of  railroads  to  the  npper  Ottawa  country,  lying 
« they  do  nearer  to  that  heavily  timbo  3d  region  than  Montreal 


168 


KINGSTON    TO    MOIJTREAL. 


Fort  Wellington,  adjoming  the  lower  part  of  the  town,  is  a 
strong  fortification  usually  garrisoned  by  more  or  less  British 
troops.  Windmill  Point,  one  mile  and  a  half  below  the  fort, 
was  the  scene  of  an  unfortunate  attack  by  the  patriots  of  18"S, 
who,  after  eflfecting  a  landing  and  maintaining  their  position  with 
great  determination  for  several  days,  were  taken  prisoners,  many 
of  whom  were  afterward  executed  at  Kingston,  and  others  tran- 
sported to  Van  Dieman's  Land. 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


109 


f 


EAPIDS  OF  THE  ST.  LAWRENCE. 

Ok  resuming  the  downward  trip,  after  leaving  Prescott  or 
Ogdensburgh,  the  most  interesting  objects  are  presented  to  view 
from  the  deck  of  the  steamer.  The  depot  buildings  of  the  North- 
em  Railroad  of  New  York,  on  the  one  side,  and  Windmill  Point 
oo  tiie  Canada  side,  are  quickly  passed  and  the  Rapids  soon 
I  reached. 

Chimnky  Island,  four  miles  below  Prescott,  is  an  interest- 

hg  spot,  where  may  be  seen  the  remains  of  a  fortification, 

erected  by  the  French  during  the  early  settlement  of  Canada 

Tlie  Gallop  Rapids,  six  miles  below  Prescott  or  Ogdensburgh 

hre  easily  passed  by  steamboats,  although  they  prevent  the 

Bavigat.on  of  the  St.  Lawrence  by  sail  vessels.    They  extend 

for  about  two  miles,  around  which  is  a  ship  canal  on  the  Canada 

Uk  of  the  river,  overcoming  a  descent  of  seven  feet 
Matilda    eight  miles  farther,  is  a  convenient  steamboat 
bdmg  on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river,  where  is  a  canal  one 

liile  and  three-quarters  in  length. 
Waddixcto^,  on  the  American  shore,  18  miles  below  Og- 
toburgh,  lies  opposite  Ogden's  Island,  which  is  pa,ssed  to  the 

Inght,  descending  through  the  main  channel,  forming  the  bound- 

pjlme.    Here  commences  Rapid  Plat,  and  extend.,  about  two 

t  r  T^Z-  ^"""^^'^  '"°"^  '^  '^'  ^^'"^  l°"Sth  is  built 
In  the  Canada  shore,  to  overcome  the  descent  in  the  river  of 
|eleveu  and  a  half  feet. 

Williamsburg,  seven  miles  below  Matilda,  is  a  regular 
|eamboat  landing,  where  passage-boats  usually  touch  ascend- 
f  and  descending  the  river.    Here  is  another  short  canal 

Lhrvslkr's  Farm,  a  few  miles  below  Williamsburg,  is  the 
P-ace  where  was  fought  a  battle  in  the  war  of  1812.  between 
f -Enghsh  and  Americans,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated, 
^itli  considerable  loss  in  killed  and  wnunda,! 

mlZT  ^T'"'"'  '^  "^^'^  ^'^^^  Ogdensburgh,  is  where 
^  ng^r  leave.for  Massena  S^rin^s,  six  miles  distant  by 
pge.  This  IS  a  great  resort  for  invaUds  during  warm  weather. 


II 


ITO 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


The  Long  Saut  Rapids,  extending  from  Dickinsons  Land- 
ing,  40  miles  below  Prescott,  to  Cornwall  on  the  Canada  side, 
is  one  of  the  longest  and  most  important  rapids  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. They  are  divided  by  islands  into  two  channels,  the 
America?!  Channel  and  the  Lost  Channel.*  Formerly,  the 
American,  or  East  Channel,  was  mostly  ran  by  steamers  in  tlie 
downward  trip,  but  of  late  the  Lost  Channel,  on  the  Canadian 
side,  is  mostly  used.  This  channel  presents  a  grand  and  ter- 
rific appearance,  the  water  being  lashed  into  a  white  foam  for  j 
several  miles,  yet  still  the  steamer  glides  rapidly  through  them 
into  the  quiet  and  beautiful  expanse  of  water  below  Cornwall. 

The  Cornwall  Canal,  commences  72  miles  above  Montreal, 
on  about  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada.     It  extends  to  Dickinsons  | 
Landing,  11^  miles,  overcoming  48  feet  descent  in  the  St.  Lavr- 
rence.     Barnhart  Island  and  Long  Saut  Island,  two  largo  and  | 
cultivated  bodies  of  land,  belong  to  the  State  of  New  York, 
while  Cornwall  Island  and  Sheek's  Island  belong  to  Canada, 
dividing  the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  into  two  channels,  k  I 
most  of  the  distance  through  the  rapids. 

Cornwall,   112  miles  from  Kingston  and  70  miles  aboTel 
Montreal,  is  situated  on  the  northwest  side  of  the  river,  at  the 


*  Pa88  \ge  or  TUB  Long  Savt  Rapid.— Those  who  have  travolo'l  on  the  j 
St.  Lawrence  are  aware  that  between  Dickinson's  Landing  and  <-''i;n™.l 
a  distance  of  from  twelve  to  fourteen  miles,  there  is  a  long  rapid  called  h 
Lwu  S<int    This  rapid  is  di^  ided  into  two  channels  by  an  i^lf  ^^^  °'»^| 
center,  the  channel  on  the  south  side  being  the  one  which  hns  '™or9| 
been  descended  by  steamers  and  other  large  craft  passing  down  the  re . 
Capt.  Maxwell,  the  enterprising  commander  ol  the  mail  steamer     Tiwer.i 
Bleeve"  having  some  time  ago  become  impressed  with  an  ulea  tiuunei 
channel  on  the  north  side  of  th(i  Island  was  not  only  practicable  tor  vcyel^l 
of  a  large  class,  but  that  it  was  much  safer  and  easier  of  descent  than  ft 
channel  on  tlie  south  side,  made,  with  much  trouble,  soundings  an^  oh  cr- 
nations,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  such  ^^^s  rcills  the  wi 

Having  well  satisfied  himself  in  the  matter,  ho  (with  Mr.  llarailnn 
rermission)  made  a  descent  down  the  North  Channel,  soinelinKSoa^eJj 
lost  Channe',  in  the  mail  steamer  "  Gildersleeve."    The  P»9sag«3 
magnificent,  the  grandeur  and  beauty  of  the  Kapid  far  surpassmg^  evew 
thote  of  the  Ranlds  at  the  CL-dars,  the  Cascades,  or  La  Chine._  Owngwi 
the  great  rapidity  of  the  current,  the  water  is  muen  rougncr  ^^^^^ 
8outK  side  of  the  island,  but  the  channel  is  stralghter,  and  in  every  r&P 
better  than  the  one  heretofore  adopted,  and  there  is  little  ^oii''/, ^l'^ 
long  the  North  Channel  will  be  the  one  which  the  mam  traflic  ol  tne  mo 
will  pass  through.— J/cwif/voi  Herald. 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


in 


lower  end  of  the  Cornwall,  or  St.  Lawrence  Canal      The 
town  contains  about  2,500  inhabitants,  400  dwelling-houses  a 
cour  -house  and  jail,  five  churches,  twenty  stores,  and  seve;al 
otcls.     Thi3  IS  a  regular  steamboat  landing  for  American  and 
nti«h  steamers.     The   Grand  Trunk  Railway  also  passes 
through  the  rear  part  of  the  town. 
Sr.  Il.Gis.  four  miles  below,  on  the  American  side  of  the 
m.r,  IS  situated  on  the  line  of  the  45th  degree  of  north  lati- 
I  aie,  the  St.   Lawrence  below  this  point  being  entirely  in 
anada.    St.  Regis  is  an  Indian  village,  part  of  its  inhabitants 
™g  in  the  Umted  States  and  part  in  Canada.    It  contains 
«r  or  five  hundred  inhabitants,  80  dwelUng-houses.  one  Roman 
Utl.ol.c  church,  one  Protestant  church,  one  tavern,  and  two 
ator.s.    Here  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landing,  where  during 
«nn  weather  may  sometimes  be  seen  Indian  boys,  prepared  to 
Jange  mo  the  water  on  having  a  piece  of  money  thrown  over- 
board:  often  it  is  caught  by  these  expert  swimmers  before 
|reachmg  the  bottom. 

Lake  St  Fuancis,  a  most  beautiful  expanse  of  water,  is  an 
expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  above  Coteau  du  Lac,  extending 
for  a  number  of  miles.  It  is  studded  with  lovely  and  pictur- 
que  ).land3,  giving  a  variety  to  the  scenery  of  this  river  which 
.almost  indescribable.  The  Indian  village  of  St.  Regis,  and 
^^  owned  by  the  natives,  lie  near  its  upper  t^r^ina- 

LANCASTER.  15  miles  below  Cornwall,  lies  on  the  w.  t  .side 

,!';  '"^°'  ''  '^7'  ^'''  ^''''^''^^S  a  wide  surface,  the  waters 
I  Kv  pursuing  their  course  dcAvnward  before  rushing  impetu- 

Pho  iX        '''''''  '"'''"^"  '°^'''  '"'''''""  '"^  ''''''  ''  "»«^°^' 

ill  "^7.^  ''''  ^^''  ^^  '''^''  ""^'^^  ^^«"*''«^^'  commences  a 
|^¥<1  of  the  same  name,  extending  about  two  miles.     Seven 

pu- below  this  commeuces  the  Cedar  Jiapid,yrhich  extends 

J^utthreemiles.   CSeeFyonti.ynece.)   Then oomos  Split  JRock 

frfCa^carfe  terminating- at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Louis,  where 

»hedark  waters  of  the  Ottawa,  by  one  of  its  mouths,  joins  the 


^wi 


4 


"  'I 

i' 


s^:' 


11 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTRSi*!.. 


St.  Lawrence.    These  four  rapids,  in  eleven  miles,  have  a  d^  j 
scent  of  82.}  feet,  being  overcome  by  the  Beauharnois  Canal. 

The  grandeur  of  the  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  these  Rapids  j 
can  not  be  conceived  without  being  witnessed.    The  mighty  St. 
Lawrence  is  here  seen  in  all  its  magnificence  and  power,  being  | 
lashed  into  a  foam  for  miles  by  the  impetuosity  of  its  current 
The  Cedar  Jiapids*  have  hitherto  been  considered  the  most  I 
formidable  obstruction  to  downward-bound  craft,  but  the  new 
South  Channel,  or  McPherson's  Channel,  as  it  is  now  called, 
affords  an  ad'ditional  depth  of  water.     The  steamer  Bytown] 
Capt.  Wm.  Sughrue,  in  1843,  was  the  first  steamboat  that  de- 
scended this  channel,  which  was  brought  into  notice  by  D.  S 
McPherson,  Esq.,  one  of  the  late  firm  of  the  forwardiiig-liousej 
of  McPherson,  Crane  &  Co 

Beauharnois,  24  miles  above  Montreal,  lies  at  the  foot  of  I 
the  Cascade  Rapids,  where  commences  the  Beauharnois  C«/ia/,j 
12  miles  in  length,  overcoming  altogether  a  descent  of  82^  feet 
Between  Fond  du  Lac  and  Beauharnois,  or  the  foot  of  the  Cas-j 
cade  Rapids,  is  the  most  wild  and  romantic  scenery  that  the  St.j 
LaAvrence  presents. 

Caughnawaga,  ten  miles  above  Montreal,  is  an  Indian  vil- 
lage, numbering  several  hundred  inhabitants.    Here  commencesj 
the  Montreal  and  Plattsbiirgh  Railroad,  52  miles  in  length.  Itl 
is  proposed  to  construct  a  ship  canal  from  this  place  to  the  Riche- 
lieu River,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain,  thus  uniting  the  wateral 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Hudson  River,  via  Champlain  Canal. 

La  Chine,  eight  miles  above  Montreal,  is  situated  at  the  foot! 
of  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  called  La/,-e  St.  LouisM 
where  enter  the  black  waters  of  the  Ottawa,  River,  the  SJ 
Lawrence  presenting  a  greenish  hue,  the  difference  in  th3  coiorj 
of  the  waters  being  plainly  vifiibk  for  many  miles  below. 

The  La  Chine  Rapids,  a  few  miles  above  Montreal,  are  ttaj 
last  rapids  of  importance  that  occur  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  The.^ 

*  It  was  here  that  Qen.  Amherst's  bri«;a(le  of  800  men,  ou  their  way  tq 
attack  Canada,  then  in  possession  of  the  French,  were  lost !  At  Moiiiretf 
they  received  the  first  intelligence  of  the  invasion,  by  the  dead  bouicj 
floating  down  the  rivor  past  tiie  town. 


ttiles,  have  a  d^ 
arnoia  Canal. 
of  these  Rapids 
The  mighty  St. 
Qii  power,  being  I 
7  of  its  current, 
idered  the  most) 
aft,  but  the  new  | 
t  is  now  called, 
earner  Bytoii'n,\ 
amboat  that  de- 
notice  by  D.  S 
)rwarding-liouse  I 

S3  at  the  foot  of  I 
iharnois  Canal,] 
cent  of  82^-  feet  i 
I  foot  of  the  CaS'! 
lery  that  the  St.  I 

s  an  Indian  vil- 1 
Here  commencesl 
lea  in  length.  Itl 
ace  to  the  Eiche-I 
aiting  the  watersl 
implain  Canal, 
uated  at  the  footl 
Lake  St.  Lom\ 
River,  the  SJ 
jnce  in  tha  color| 
les  below, 
lontreal,  are  ttaj 
jawrcuce.  They 


m 

HKi^ 

are  now  com 
tioii.  These 
miles  in  leng 
hrgc  cnpacit 
I  "f  a  liirge  s 
<pee,l  than  tl 

"ThcSr. 

I  pisses! tig  so 

short  (list ano 

to  Montreal. 

[renco  in  u  stc 

lat  our   coi 

J  Starting  at  d; 

I  at  first  enrap 

I '  Liikj  of  tho 

I  our  liclinsinar 

!lbro  him. 

Ite'jour  way, 

[loss  path  bo  < 

lanl  long  bcfc 

|aniljirop;is.sin 

I  Gently  wo  gli( 

IgriVJO  the  .soei 

|iiw,ikjne  1  froii 

our  vessel   i 

Iceiviiig  waruin 

irten  wo  road 

iWll  is  rung  Ibi 

|srl  tho  Ijoain, 

|f.'U'  (111  the  vcs 

ho  s.'ti  four  nioi 

K»'-',  iini  four 

|«ln;ol  in  giiiaj 

Jt"  take.    'J'host 

|«rt)  now  luakini 

|«''j'ct  fur  supi 

Ifl'i'igo.     'Tis  o} 

liii'liTantl  f  hi  til 

m  tli(j  HWif.nosi 

jfeot  while  rushi 

J«ii>  wo  can  bo 

|A"W  turning  to 

|»llllH3  Bumuiit  tl 

Ifunn.ii^  on  an  h 

|»e  tnah !    Wo  u 


KINGSTON    TO   MONTREAL. 


lis 


re  now  considered  the  most  dangerous  and  difficult  of  nariga- 
t.on.  These  rapids  are  obviated  by  the  La  Chine  Canal  8i 
tables  m  length,  overcoming  a  descent  of  iq  tcet.  Canals  of  a 
.rgo  capacity  now  run  round  all  tho  rapids,  enabling  steamers 
.'f  a  large  s.ze  to  ascend  the  river,  although  at  a  much  1  ss 
I  speoa  than  the  downward  trip. 

Lt  Jiimo/of  me  1,™  red  f„,S?  ""?  *a™cter,  in  tie 
rent-on  u  stoaiuor  is  oiio  nf  +!,«  «,    *  ^  '."'r"  "*  ^"^  «*•  -Law- 

N  ,u,h  /„■  onceTorrdr^v™'    "h^cT rare" i^"""" 
.n    l.„g  before  tlie  ,„n  l,as  set  wo  Imve  K  the  ?  r  ^  T"f; 

Ifhon  wo  re,  c  °tho  (',  n  .^      «  f  ^  ^  "  m'  ''V'^'''*  ^°  '"ay  expect 

|'"">  wo  can  bo  m-pm.i-v<..l  r,.r..7.'\'\"V  '^"■''\^"''^'>  "'"OUgU  which 
IWturnina  to  thrr.r       /        total  wreck  or  certain  death. 

^n,.nani..j;-.r,-S:^^^ 

r  ru«h !    ^^  0  mu.t  ground !  but  no ;  her  head  is  cash,«  I'ff.  and 


r 


w. 


k4h 


I 


&!►■! 


174 


RAPIDS    OF    THE    ST.    LAWRENCK. 


as  wc  fly  past  the  island,  a  daring  leap  might  land  us  on  its 
shores ;  nnd  now  again  we  are  tossed  and  whirled  about  m  a  RP.a 
of  foam ;  we  look  back  to  scan  the  dangers  passed,  and  see  a  raft 
far  behind,  struggling  in  the  waves.  While  contemplating  its 
danffcrs,  we  forget  our  own.  and  the  Ihies  of  Horace  appoiir  pe- 
cnliarly  applicable  to  the  Indian  who  lirst  intrusted  his  trail 
canoe  to  these  terrific  rapids  : 

'  nil  robur  et  a-s  triplex 

Circa  pectus  erut,  qui  fragilein  truci 
Commisit  pelago  ratom 
Primus .' " 


KAPIDS  OF  TUE  ST. 


LAWRENCE-EXCITEMENT  OF  THE 
TRIP. 

Extract  from  a  d^r  respondent  of  the  Detroit  Advertiiier—lStiQ. 
•'Ln.vviNG  Hamilton  in  the  evening,  on  board  one  of  the 
splendid  steamers  navigating  Lake  Ontario,  running  direct  fur 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  a  distance  of  about  180  miles,  we  liaJ 
a  very  pleasant  night  on  the  lake,  and  arrived  at  Cape  Vincent, 
N.  Y.,  at  7  next  morning;  discharged  some  freight,  anl  pro- 
ceeded to  Broikville,  Canada,  and  tlienco  toO^dcn.-sburgli,  N.  \'., 
where  wo  arrived  about  noon ;  passing  from  Cape  Vincent  to 
Ugdensburgh  {via  the  Express  Line  of  steamers),  we  tlireiidour 
winding  way  through  among  the  Thousand  If Utiuh ;  iiercisno 
monotony,  for  the  scenery  is  continually  changing  and  ever  I 

beautiful.  ,        ,  .  ,    t  ^    ,\  \ 

"  1  have  spoken  of  the  route  by  winch  I  came  to  Ugilons- 
burch;  anotiier  very  plca.'*ant  route  is  by  way  of  the  steamer 
froni  Detroit  to  liutrulo,  thonce  to  the  Ni.agara  Falls,  taking  the 
bout  at  Lewiston.  Hy  this  route,  passengers  may  see  uuiiy 
points  of  interest,  which  they  do  not  see  in  travehng  by  tue 

direct  I'oute.  ,  „    «    ,      ,        u         iiJ 

'•  Ou  Wcdne.-day,  July  17th,  we  left  Og-lonsburgh  on  the 
steamer  Montiu:ai„  Cupt.  J.  Laflammo,  ran  nonns  tlie  btJ 
Lawrence  to  I'rescott— then  headed  down  the  nvcr  to  ^U)ntrt«a 
At  six  mib'H  from  Ogdensburgh  wo  passed  the  first  rapid 
{(lull()p>.  This  being  the  first  of  a  series  of  rapids  that  wc  lnvJ 
to  pass  on  V  r  way  to  Montreal,  wc  had  the  curiosity  to  iiotics 
the  elfort  tlio  seeno  had  on  the  passengers.  The  first  with  whom 
we  came  in  contact  was  a  nervous  old  gentleman,  an  Mio  fl;!i 
rushing  from  one  side  of  the  boat  to  the  other,  with  tear  an 

aaniiraJion  acputtra  im  i:i-  v,ttti-- 1.-...-- ,  i 

taken  posKosaion  of  his  whole  frame.  ,      i      ,| 

••  Here  is  a  group  of  Hcntimontal  voung  ladies  ;  so  deeply  m 
th.-y  absorbed  in  drinking  in  the  aiekly  sentiments  of  tlie  eiicnp. 
yellow  covcrod  literature  which  they  hold  iu  their  hau.is,  th*! 


RAPIDS    OF    THE    ST.    LAWHKNCE. 


175 


[ENT  OF  THE 


they  know  nothing  of  the  wild  and  beautiful  scene  throuch 
which  wo  are  passing.  This  is  not  the  cn.s..  with  all,  for  many 
are  standing  or  seated  near  the  railing  of  the  deck,  lookinj 
calmly  at  the  turbulent  waters,  and  dihcoui-sing  upon  the  caust 
of  all  this  commotion ;  others  sfand  in  the  background,  wishing 
but  fearing  to  look  at  the  trembling  of  the  waves.  We  are  now 
past  the  first  rapid,  or  the  "  Gallops,"  and  the  water  is  now  in 
a  state  ot  perfect  calmness,  and  so  are  the  passen^'era 

"The  boat  stops  a  few  moments  at  Lou)sville,1i5  miles  from 
Ogdonsburgh.  At  this  point  the  river  is  divided  by  an  island, 
jnd  here  begins  the  Lon^r  Sa„t,  a  rapid  of  nine  miles  in  len<rth  • 
formerly  the  boats  passed  down  the  south  side,  where  the  water 
runs  with  greater  rapidity.  The  north  side  is  called  the  «  Lost 
thannel,  a  name  given  to  it  by  the  French  boatmen,  as  they 
>upposed  that  if  a  boat  drifted  into  it,  it  would  certainly  be 
Mt.  A  cliannel  has  been  found  on  the  north  side,  and  now 
Wvi  steamers  pass  by  it  in  preference  to  the  snuth  channel 

"  .Vs  we  approach  the  rapid,  the  grand  and  lofty  tumbling  of 
t!.o  waters,  as  they  break  upon  the  proj  "cting  rocks,  have  an 
an^ry  appearance,  and  look  as  if  tliev  were  preparin<r  to  en- 
pilph  us.  We  are  standing  upon  the  bow  of  the  boat,°and  aro 
fiu^iiiated  by  the  view  of  the  scene,  yet  we  involuntarily  turn 
our  eyes  to  the  pilot-house,  in  front  of  which,  on  an  elevation, 
stands  tlio  captain,  and  at  the  wheel  are  four  stronr  men 
.\oitlicr  tear  nor  anxiety  is  to  be  perceived  in  either  counted 
nince;  but  with  their  eyes  fixed  upon  the  Ian  Imarks,  and  their 
strong  hands  upon  the  wheel,  they  guide  the  ship  tiirough  the 
n:!rrow  and  crooked  channel  with  unerring  precision.  Tho 
pan  I  and  picturesque  scene  has  now  brou-dit  all  to  their  feet; 
t  .•  n..vel-readers  have  dropped  their  books,  and  the  excitement 
ot  roality  now  Hurj)as.s('s  the  excitement  of  their  ficti(m  Tho 
n.;iv,,us  man  is  standing  bareheaded  against  (he  pilot-house, 
With  botli  hands  elevated,  moutli  open,  and  an  ex(  lamation  upon 
uenidot  Ills  tongue,  as  his  tongue  refuses  to  act ;  but  as  tho 
i^'if  glides  out  of  tlie  last  billow  into  smooth  water,  the  ex- 
einmiition  drops  from  his  lips,  his  mouth  shuts  with  a  sudden 
•mk;  and  as  ho  sulwides  into  a  calm  he  wipes  the  sweat  from 
I  HH  Mow  and  is  glad  that  ho  has  seen  an!  pa^^sed  over  that 
ap;a.  Only  a  small  portion  of  the  Long  S;,ut  is  very  rough, 
iimrest  of  it  has  much  the  appearance  of  llellCate,  N.  Y. 
Attcr  p:i»sing  tho  Long  Saut,  the  boat  stops  a  few  momenta 

,     '™n '^",  «".  *•'«  ^""''^'^'^  «»'lo-     •"  a  sliort  time  after  leaving 
y-::iTv;ui,  the  nvei.  wnleus  into  a  lake,  wliicli  is  called  Lake  St. 

in,Zi''v  ♦u   V  '"'^^  '"*  "'"'"'  ^'*''*.^  '"'^^'•''  '"'^  1^'"K<''-     "ftvini 
Su  La .  ''^"^^  **  ''"^^  moments  at  tho  village  of  Coteau 

"Soon  after  leaving  the  Cotoau,  we  pass  tho  Coteau,  Cedar, 


•I  i 


*  '  ill 

1 


176 


RAPIDS    OF    THE    ST.    LAWRENCE. 


Split-Rock,  and  Cascade  Rapids.  The  passage  of  these  rapijg 
is  very  exciting,  particularly  the  Split-Rock ;  here,  as  the  boat 
is  by  the  action  of  the  water  lifted  above  the  rocks,  an  I  tl)ea 
dropped  down  among  them,  the  waters  covering  and  then  re- 
CO  ling  and  leaving  the  rocks  nearly  bare,  upon  either  side, 
looks  fearfully  dangerous ;  the  channel  is  narrow,  the  current 
rapid,  and  the  boat  is  carried  along  at  a  2  40  pace ;  but  tlie 
boat  is  strong,  and  a  skillful  pilot  is  at  the  helm,  and  the  pas- 
sage is  very  quickly  and  safely  made. 

"The  river  again  widens,  and  is  called  Likn  St.  Louis.  At 
the  foot  of  this  lake,  on  the  south  side,  is  the  Indian  villigo  of 
Oaughnawaga.  Here  a  boat  comes  off  from  the  village,  and 
brings  an  Indian  named  Baptiste.  He  is  a  fine-looking  man, 
apparently  abc^ut  sixty  years  of  age;  he  comes  on  board  to  pilot 
the  boat  over  the  La  Chine,  wliich  is  the  last  but  most  dangerous 
of  the  rapids.  No  man  but  Baptiste  has  ever  yet  piloted  a 
steatmer  over  these  rapids.  As  the  boat  moves  onward  to  the 
rapids,  all  the  passengers,  even  to  the  novel-readers,  are  anx- 
ious to  get  a  good  position  in  order  to  have  a  good  view  of  tlie 
heaving,  breaking,  and  laughing  waters.  As  we  enter  the 
rapids,  we  appear  to  be  running  upon  a  small  grass-covered 
rocky  island.  Indeed,  as  the  bow  of  the  boat  is  so  near  tliat  it 
appears  to  be  impossible  to  clear  it,  wo  look  to  see  if  tlie  pilot 
is  at  the  helm.  Yes,  there  stands  tlie  captain  at  liis  post  in 
front  of  the  wlieel-house,  and  the  Indian  pilot,  with  tiireo  other 
strong  men  are  at  the  wheel ;  and  as  wo  look  at  the  calm  coun- 
tenance of  the  Indian,  and  see  that  his  bright  eye  does  not  so 
much  as  wink,  but  is  fixed  steadily  upon  his  beacon,  wliatever 
it  may  be,  and  that  tlio  wheelsmen  are  fully  under  his  control, 
we  fool  that,  with  his  skill,  care,  and  krowlodgo  of  the  way,  we 
may  banisli  foar  from  our  thoughts. 

"  B  iptislo  is  a  noble  Indian ;  he  guides  the  boats  among  tlic 
islands  and  the  rocks,  over  the  rapids  and  through  the  intricaU 
channels,  as  easily  as  a  skillful  horseman  reins  a  high-spiritd 
charger.  As  quick  as  thought  the  boat  glnles  away  from  tliose 
rooks  which  it  appcaroil  impo.ssiblo  to  avoid,  but  the  pilot  r.p- 
parently  is  instasiblo  to  fear,  though  not  to  the  ro-sponsibility 
that  rests  upon  him.  Ho  is  .aware,  aad  all  arc  aware,  that  one 
false  move  and  all  is  lost;  for  the  current  is  so  swift,  tlic  soiw 
run  so  high,  and  the  boat  is  driven  so  rapidly,  that  one  touch 
upon  a  rock  would  shiver  her  to  atoms.     Mthough  the  passage 

excitement  takes  tlie  place  of  fear.  Just  as  wo  left  the  La  Chins 
llapitls,  looking  fo-  the  nervous  man—thero  ho  stood,  slialting. 
laughing,  and  oxclaiming,  'thnt  caps  the  climax.'  In  n»)OUl 
half  an  hour  alter  leaving  this  last  rapid,  we  enter  the  harl")r 
.f  Montreal." 


RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  MOJfTREAL  TO  TOROXTO, 
ETC.,  VIA  GRAXD  TRUNK  RAIL17AY. 


As  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada  has  recently  been 
opened  from  Montreal  to  Toronto,  and  from  the  latter  place  is  in 
rapid  progress  of  completion  to  Port  Sarnia,  situated  at  the  foot 
Lf  Lake  Huron,  we  give  the  following  description  of  the  route 
I  from  Montreal  westward,  ascending  the  noble  St.  Lawrence. 
The  depot  is  situated  at  the  termination  of  the   Victoria 
Bridge,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  center  of  Montreal, 
subjecting  the  traveler  to  a  long  ride  from  the  hotels  or  steam- 
boat landing.    On  leaving  the  depot  the  La  Chine  Canal  is  soon 
passed,  and  then  the  Montreal  and  La  Chine  Railroad,  the 
track  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  extending  westerly  across 
the  fertile  island  of  Montreal,  passing  in  sight  of  La/ee  St. 
\Ms,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence 
I  rivers. 

Sr.  Axne's,  21  miles  from  Montreal,  is  a  French-Canadian 
village,  of  some  four  cr  five  hundred  inhabitants.  Here  is  a 
iRoman  Catholic  church,  and  a  number  of  picturesque  edifices 
JBituated  near  the  water's  edge.  The  rapids,  government  lock  for 
Irteafficrs,  and  the  railroad  bridge,  together  with  the  beautiful 
jOttawa  and  islands,  altogether  afford  a  magnificent  view,  al- 
Ifflost  unrivaled  for  river  scenery.  A  few  miles  westward  may 
p  seen  the  hills  giving  the  name  to  the  La/ce  of  thv  Two 
yfoHntains. 

hhz  Perot,  about  two  milos  in  width,  is  next  passed  over  by 
=«  upward  train,  and  another  branch  of  the  Ottawa  crossed, 
|»lipn  the  cars  stop  at  the 

Vaudreuil  SfATiopf,  Bituateil  about  half  a  mile  below  the 
Nlag«  of  the  same  name.    Hero  a  lovely  view  is  obtainci  of  the 


178 


MONTREVL    TO    TORONTO,    ETC. 


Ottawa,  its  islands,  and  the  hills  of  the  Lake  of  the  Two  Mouic 
tains  in  the  distance.     The  railroad  track,  on  leaving  thej 
Ottawa,  runs  through  a  fertile  tract  of  country  for  several 
miles,  the  village  of  the  Cedars  being  passed  on  the  left,  some  j 
two  miles  distant. 

CoTEAU  Statiox  IS  37  miles  from  Montreal  and  one  and  ,i  i 
half  miles  from  the  lauding;  here  is  a  scattered  settlement 
of  French  Canadians,  numbering  about  500  inliabitants. 
•  Lancaster,  54  miles  from  Montreal,  is  situated  ou  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence River.  Here  is  a  population  of  about  700  inhabitants, 
mostly  of  Scotch  descent. 

Cornwall,  08  miles  from  Montreal,  is  a  thri/ing  town,  situ- 1 
ated  at  the  foot  of  the  Long  Saut  Rapids.     It  contains  about  I 
2,500  inhabitants.     Here  the  trains  usually  meet,  and  the  pas-  i 
sengors  are  furnished  refreshments.     This  is  also  a  convenient 
steamboat  landing,  where  the  Royal  Mail  Line  of  steamers  stop 
daily  on  their  trip"  up  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Uic/dnson's  Landing,  77  miles;  AiiUsburg,  81  miles;  Wil- 
liamsburg, 92  miles ;  Matilda,  99  miles,  and  Prescott  Junction,  j 
1 2  miles,  are  soon  reached  and  passed  by  the  ascending  train,  | 
The  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  from  Vaudreuil  to 
Brockville,  a  distance  of  100  miles,  runs  through  a  level  section 
of  country,  from  a  half  to  two  miles  distant  from  the  St.  Law- 
rence River,  which  is  only  seen  occasionally  from  the  passing 
train  of  cars. 

The  town  of  Prescott,  Ho  miles  from  Montreal,  and  GO  miles  | 
from  Kingston,  is  advantageously  situated  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  tlio  village  of  Ogdensburgh.  It  con- 
tains a  population  of  about  3  000  inhabitants.  ( See  page  250.) 
The  Oftaira  and  Prtsolt  Railroad,  54  miles  in  length,  ex- 
tends from  Prescott  to  Ottawa  City,  intersecting  the  GriinJ 
iiuiia.  ii.-iiiTrrtj-  vivc  auu  :i  ii;ui  macs  irom  luo  nc.  LaTvrcmc 
River.  On  leaving  Prescott  the  railroad  runs  through  a  level 
country  to  K'(wptvil/e,2^  miles,  and  thence  to  Ottawa  City, 
a  fr.rthcr  distance  of  oO  miles.    This  is  now  the  most  speedy  anJ 


MONTBrAL  TO  TORONTO,  BT(!.         779 

j  torit.  r™te  from  Jlontreal  to  the  Upper  Otla™,  p„e.ger,- 
bfpgc  being  clieckeJ  through,  vm  Prescott 
I!»ocKv,Li,f,  1 26  miles  above  Montreal,  an.l  208  miles  boW 
[  «nt,,  ,s  one  of  the  most  important  station,  on  the  line  of  thi 
I  I  /;■""* -^"'•""'J'.  "  ""tag  a  flourishing  town  of  abou 
i  00  mhab,t»nts.    The  SrocHUle  ana  OttauTa  RaUroa,t  wUl 

Lvln  ,        .•  ■°-'*    '■""'"  '■™"'  ''™*"»''  «<>  Kingston. 

Wles,   „nt,nues  along  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario  to 
*«rg    0  miles  farther,  and  thence  to  Toronto.  70  miles^ 

I  long  a  total  distance  of  3S3  miles 
FCT  further  information  in  regard  to  Kingston,  Cohourg, 
I~n|e.  etc.,  see  Trij,  fro,,,  H.„„uton  an,  Z.,to  ,o  Kngf. 


\V    ■    I 


4  A 


3  iDl.  iitiTTriiu;  j 


MONTREAL. 


The  City  of  Montreal,  the  largest  and  chief  seat  of  com- 
merce  of  British  America,  is  favorably  situated  at  the  head  of 
ship  navigation  on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
here  about  two  miles  in  width.     It  lies  170  miles  above  Que1)cc 
and  850  miles  below  Toronto,  by  water,  in  N.  lat.  45°  30',  and 
W.  long.  73°  25'  from  Greenwich.     The  site,  although  not  so  j 
commanding  as  Quebec,  is  in  every  other  respect  superior, 
lying  at  the  foot  of  a  romantic  eminence  from  which  it  dcrivos  1 
its  name,  called  Mount  Royal,  which  hill  rises  in  picturesque  [ 
beauty,  about  one  mile  from  the  city,  to  the  height  of  550  foot, 
forming  a  prominent  object  in  the  picture  from  every  point  of  j 
view.     The  streets,  although  somewhat  irregular,  present  a  fine! 
and  clean  appearance.     Notre  Dame  Street,  the  Broadway  off 
Montreal,  is  the  principal  promenade  and  scat  of  the  fasliion- 
able  retail  trade ;  it  is  about  one  mile  in  length  and  has  many  | 
elegant  stores,  built  of  stone  in  the  most  durable  manner.    St, 
Paul  Street,  lying  nearer  the  water,  is  mostly  filled  with  wliole- 
sale  stores.    Great  St.  James  Street  is  a  wide  and  beautiful! 
avenue,  where  are  located  most  of  the  banks  and  insuraneel 
oflSces;  together  with  hotels  and  other  substantial  buildings. 
McGill  Street  is  filled  with  stores  and  oiBces  of  different  kinis 
running  across  the  streets  enumerated  above.     Water  Street, 
Commissioners'  Street,  and  Common  Street  extend  tlic  entire! 
length  of  the  city,  facing  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River  and  Lai 
Chine  Canal ;  at  times  presenting  a  pleasing  and  lively  appoar-j 
ance  when  the  harbor  and  canal  are  filled  with  steamers  ami 
sail  vessels  of  different  hinds.     From  whatever  side  the  cityisi 
oT)T»rQached^  either  bv  water  or  land-,  the  scone  is  one  of  nuichj 
interest ;  if  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  Victoria  Bridge  and  island^ 
first  attract  attention ;  then  the  splendid  towers  of  tlic  Cathcdralj 
the  tall  spires  of  other  churches,  the  elegant  front  of  Bonsecoun 


MONTRRAL. 


181 


Market,  the  magnificeut  stone  quay,  and  the  long  range  of  cut- 
ime  buildings  which  front  the  river,  form  at  once  a  tout  en- 
I  mble  which  is  unequaled. 
The  public  buildings  in  Montreal  are  numerous;  many  of 
item  massive  and  costly  edifices.     The  most  noted  is  the  Roman 
Catholic  or  French  Cathedral,  situated  on  Notre  Dame  Street 
fronting  the  Place  d'Armes;  it  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style  of 
architecture,  255  feet  in  length  by  131  in  breadth ;  it  has  six  tow- 
ers,  of  which  the  three  belonging  to  the  main  front  arc  220  feet 
in  height.     The  principal  window  is  G4  feet  in  height  and  32 
h  breadth.     The  interior  has  several  desks  or  altars,  and 
h  capable  of  accommodating   from  6  to  7,000  persons,  who 
han  disperse  by  several  outlets.      "This  church  boasts  the 
||(ssession  of  a  magnificent  set  of  bells,  one  of  which,  weigh- 
ing  thirteen  tons,  is  hung  in  the  western  tower,  and  is  the 
largest  bell  in  America.     Under  the  church,  the  entire  space 
B  occupied  by  a  ccraetcry-in  which  the  more  wealthy  of  the 
Eoman  Catholics  are  interred."    The  Seminary  of  St.  Sulpice 
.djoining  the  Cathedral,  is  a  substantial  stone  building,  at  pres- 
ent only  finished  to  the  extent  of  half  the  proposed  plan     In 
Iftis  building  is  transacted  all  the  parochial  business,  and  also 
Itlie  secular  affairs  connected  with  the  very  valuable  property 
longing  to  the  priests  of  the  seminary.     There  are  several 
lotlier  Roman  Catholic  churches,  mostly  belonging  to  the  order 
IcfSt.  Sulpice,  to  the  members  of  which  Montreal  chiefly  owed 
litsfourdation,  and  who  still  hold  the  seigniory  of  the  island  on 
pbich  it  stands. 

Tlic  Protestant  churches,  consisting  of  the  Church  of  Eno-laud 

lor  Episcopal,  the  Church  of  Scotland  (Presbyterian),  the°Con- 

gregational,  the  Baptist,  the  Methodist,  and  other  persuasions 

jare numerous;  Montreal  being  justly  celebrated  for  its  churcli 

mm  and  church-going  people.     There  are  al.o  a  great  num- 

pr  of  nunneries  and  cli.avitJiMo  inaHhi^V—  ••-  -n-   ■-' -   '    - 
I  i.__i-  ..i....i.n, .t.ij.-  in  lii-^  i-'iiy,  vol!} 

junder  Koman  Catholic  and  Protestant  management.    The  court- 

Itouse  and  prison  are  new  and  substantial  stone  buildings,  occu- 

IPying  the  site  of  the  former  college  of  the  Jesuits.     The  govern- 


182 


MONTREAL. 


ment  house,  barracks,  ordnance  office,  six  banks,  and  five 
market-houses,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Bonsecours  Market 
■  are  among  the  remaining  public  buildings.    Nelson's  Monument 
;  a  colossal  statue  of  tlie  hero  of  the  Nile,  is  placed  on  a  Doric 
column,  the  pedestal  of  which  lias  bas-reliefs  representino-  njvai 
actions.    jNIcGill  College  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  base  of 
the  mountain,  and  is  richly  endowed.    Here  are  also  a  Baptist 
college  and  two  Iloman  Catholic  colleges,   besides  numerous 
other  educational  institutions.     Montreal  has  a  theater-royal 
an  exchange  building,  a  penitentiary,  a  house  of  industry,  a 
hospital,  water  works,  gas  works,  a  custom-house,  a  board  of 
trade,  scientific  institutions,  religious  and  benevolent  institu-i 
tions,  and  numerous  well-kept  hotels. 

The  favorable  position  of  Montreal  for  trade  and  coraaierceJ 
iboth  foreign  and  domestic,  makes  it  a  great  thoroughfare  for 
men  of  business,  as  well  as  of  the  pleasure-seeking  community. 
The  facilities  afforded  by  means  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Ot- 
tawa rivers,  in  connection  with  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and 
other  railroads,  open  a  ready  communication,  not  only  with  nil 
parts  of  Canada,  but  with  Portland,  Me.,  Boston,  and  the  cityf 
•of  New  York ;  the  latter  city  being  only  400  miles  distant,  and 
•  connected  during  tlie  season  of  navigation  by  two  popular  lines 
■  of  travel.    The  harbor,  though  not  large,  is  safe  and  conven- 
ient; vessels  drawing  15  feet  may  lie  close  to  the  quay,  which 
is  a  most  substantial  stone  structure  of  upward  one  mile  ui 
ilength.    The  La  Chine  Canal,  nine  miles  long,  admits  steam- 
ers of  a  large  size  on  their  upward  trips,  they  usually  running! 
the  Rapids  on  their  downward  trips  from  the  Lakes  above  and] 
the  Ottawa  River.     Besides  steamers  of  a  large  class  running 
to  Quebec,  steamships  run  regularly,  during  the  season  of  navi- 
gation, between  Montreal  and  Liverpool,    naking  quick  and! 
profitable  voyages.    The  trade  through  Lake  Champlain,  mostlyl 
by  means  of  the  Champlain  and  St.  Lawi  ence  Railroad,  in 
Junes  jii  iciij^tii,  i=  luiiiicusc — 3u  uiuo'u  su  as  10  rcquiro  a  sflifj 
canal  from  Caughanawa,  or  opposite  Montreal,  to  the  navigabl«[ 
waters  of  the  Richelieu  River,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain. 


MONTREAL. 


183 


The  Montreal  and  Plattsburgh  Railroad,  52  miles  in  length 
Dating  with  the  La  Chine  Railroad,  forms  a  direct  line  of  travel 
to  Plattsburgh,  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Champlain 
\UMontreal  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  under  construction,  will 
sdd  greatly  to  the  advantage  of  Montreal. 
The  Victoria  Bridge,  now  erecting  across  the  St.  Lawrence 
Eiver  immediately  above  the  city,  when  completed,  will  form 
one  of  the  wonders  of  the  age ;  it  is  to  cross  the  river  from 
Pomt  St.  Charles  to  the  south  shore,  a  total  length  of  10  284 
feet,  or  about  50  yards  less  than  two  miles.    It  is  to  be  built 
on  the  tubular  principle,  and  will  have  a  track  for  railroad  cars 
fflthe  center,  while  on  the  outside  of  the  tube  there  will  be  a 
balcony  on  each  side,  wifh  a  footpath  for  passengers.     The 
^"''gewill  rest  on  24  piers  and  two  abutment,  of  limestone 
Imsonry ;  the  center  span  being  330  feet  long,  and  60  feet  high 
from  summer  water-level,  descending  at  either  end  at  the  rate 
of  one  m  130.    It  is  in  every  respect  to  be  built  in  the  most 
hnbstantial  manner,  and,  when  completed,  will  cost  the  enor- 
nious  sum  of  £  1 .250,000  sterling,  or  $6,250,000.     The  contents 
)f  the  masonry  will  be  3,000.000  of  cubic  feet.    The  weight  of 
iron  in  the  tubes  8,000  tons.    The  following  are  the  dimensions 
of  tube  through  which  the  trains  pass  in  the  middle  span,  viz  • 
22 feet  high,  16  feet  wide;  at  the  extreme  ends,  19  feet  high 
16  feet  wide.     This  gigantic  structure  is  in  rapid  progress  of 
construction,  and,  it  is  understood,  will  be  completed  in  1859 
[orearly  in  1860. 

The  drives  and  inviting  excursions  about  Montreal  are  nu- 
mcrous,  and  highly  appreciated  by  visitors  from  nore  southern 
cHmes.  The  foremost  stands  the  excursion  around  the  mount- 
Um,  which  stands  as  a  beacon  to  point  out  the  true  position  of 
the  city  on  ucaring  or  departing  from  this  romantic  city.  Other 
(tr,vs  up  or  down  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  on  almost  any  part  of 

|the  fertile  island  nf  Mnnfrool   n^/,  n++«--j-j  _;..v  -i 

|,,. ••-'-nv.c-a  nuii  pleasure  ana 

deliglitful  emotions.     "Besides  these  excursions,  the  tourist 

Iwfll  find  his  time  well  repaid  by  a  visit  to  the  Saut-au-Rccol- 

lect,  which  is  a  series  of  Rapids  at  the  northern  side  of  the 


I  1' 


184  GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY. 

island,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ottawa  called  La  Riviere  des  Prairies.  I 
Ifpre,  besides  the  beauty  of  th'^-  scenery,  he  may  see  the  rafta 
fromf  the  Ottawa  making  the  deacent — an  exciting  exploit  both 
to  thy  spectators  and  hardy  crews,  though  from  the  rarity  of 
accidents  we  must  conclude  that  the  skill  of  the  voyageiirs  has| 
taught  them  to  avoid  any  real  danger." 

Population  of  Montreal, — 1852. 

Males 27,586    Other  countries l,4;j'| 

Females 30,129 

<  Roman  Catholics 41,'166| 

Total  population 57,715    Protestants 16,1961 

French  Canadians  ....  26,020    Number  of  houses 7,4201 

British  Canadians 12,494  "  families  . . .    9,9[j| 

English,  Irish,  &  Scotch  17,774 


GPwAND  TRUNK   EAiLN/AT  OF   CANADA. 

The  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  the  greatest  scheme  of  iti 
kind  in  America,  embraces  in  its  ramifications  the  construction 
of  a  continuous  lino  of  railway  from  Trois  Pistoles,  C.  E.,  aboud 
150  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  river  St] 
Lawrence,  the  point  at  which  a  junction  with  the  proposed  HalA 
ifax  Railway  is  looked  forward  to — and  Port  Sarnia,  0.  W.,  oa 
Lake  Huron,  a  distance  of  upward  of  800  miles — also  a  brancij 
line  of  50  miles  in  leng^th,  from  Belleville  to  Peterborough,  C.  ' 
— and  the  leasing  of  the  railroad  then  already  built  betwe(;ii 
Montreal  and  Portland,  Me.,  so  that  the  products  of  the  west" 
era  points  of  the  Province  might  be  conveyed  thvoujrh  Canndfj 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  without  break  of  guage  or  'u^^'i'i. 
total  length  of  unbroken  railv  ay  communication  '^'arl!  >»'] 
thus  be  obtained,  wlien  the  St.  Lawrence  River  is  ;  ;.n  -^  ^'^~ 
the  Victoria  Bridge,  a  structure  unequaled  in  the  history  oJ 
engineering,  either  in  size  or  in  massive  proportions— is  iipj 
ward  of  1,100  miles.  The  Original  capital  of  the  company  vai 
rf-^'. 500,000,  but  this  being  found  insufficient,  it  has  been  dei 
♦^^e:  ^M'^d  to  ir.f.raaHP,  thii?  .".mount  to  £12,000,000  sterling.  o| 
!|,'"0.v  '«  €  •).  Of  this  sum  the  Province  has  an  interest  in  til 
un'lvvi  '  \\ts.,  \^  che  shape  of  a  guaranty,  to  an  amount  of  upj 
wrru  t.'  t:„,.,oO,000  fV-.-ling,  or  $15,000,000.  Of  the  wrS 
pr  >po;  "i,  iicwever,  it  ^,■i  ,ii  found  necessary,  from  several  causa 


OKAND    TRUNK    RAILVVAT.  185 

I  to  place  in  abeyance  the  prosecution  of  three  different  sections 
0  tbe  work  VIZ.  the  distance  between  St.  Thomas  to  Trois  Pis 
to  100  miles ;  from  Be  levJlle  to  Peterborough,  50  miles;  and 
from  St.  Marys  to  Sarnia,  68  miles.  But  these  sections  wUl 
tebtless  ere  long  be  proceed od  with;  in  the  first  case,  because 
e  Lower  Provinces  m  ah  probability,  assisted  by  the  Imperial 

"TpS.;"^'^^  TT'^'  ^''"^^  '^^^^^y  communication  to 
Trois  Pistoles,  m<,r,Jc>^  to  cr.  ncct  it  with  the  Canadian  railway 

hjstera;  and  in  tb^  latter  two  cases,  simply  because  the  traffic 

0  the  country  mu  vcr  '  speedily  demand  the  construction  of 

mth  tb,so  oLirtailments,  and  they  are  but  temporary,  the 
[to  vi^'""''     ^^'^^^'y  '^  ^"^w  composed  of  the  following  sec- 

pluntreal  to  Portland 902  ml 

Riclimond  to  Port  Levi,  opposite  Quebec,*StVThomas'   137     '"^ 
Hontreal  to  Toronto qqq      .« 

Ikonto  to  Stratford ...'.*..'.'.'."...,' rs      " 

Making  a  total  mileage  of ~^  j^jlg^ 

I  The  works  throughout  the  whole  of  this  great  len<rth  oi 

ke  have  been  pronounced  by  competent  authorities,  both  En 

m  and  American,  to  be  altogether  unequaled  by  any  rail 

Iwyon  this  continent,  and  reflect  much  credit,  not  only  en  tht 

Ifligineer  of  the  company,  but  also  on  the  several  agents  of  tha 

contractors.     On  an  average,  there  is  a  station  t?  eveJy  six 

ik'mZi  "''''  *°  ^'"'''^  ^^""""^  '"'^*'  ''"^  ""  locomotive  to  every 

Apart  from  the  through  travel  between  the  East  and  the 

I,?!'       '^T'V^^  ""fj  ^•'^^S"'  *^«  Junctions  between  other 
iilways  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  throughout  the  Prov^ 
I  cearo  very  numerous,  and  will  provide  a  heavy  traffic,  both. 
I«l  passengers  and  freight.  '  ' 

94 


J> 


U  4' 


If  II 


'^r 


TRIP  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CITY  AND  THE 
UPPER  OTTAWA  RIVER. 


Tourists  who  design  to  visit  the  Ottawa  River,  and  view  its 
varied  and  beautiful  scenery,  should  leave  Montreal  by  steamer,  | 
or  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  in  the  morning  for  St.  Anne's, 
21  miles  ;  there  taking  a  steamer  for  Ottawa  City,  90  miles  far- 
ther ;  or  if  desired,  continue  the  railroad  route  to  Prcscott,  113 1 
miles  from  Montreal,  and  proceed  by  Ottawa  and  Prescott  Bail- 
road.     The  La  Chine  Railroad  also  conveys  passengers  to  La; 
Chine,  nine  miles,  from  whence  steamers  depart  daily  for  Ot- 
tawa City. 

At  St.  Anne's,  14  miles  above  La  Chine,  the  steamer  passes! 
through  a  lock  45  feet  wide  and  180  feet  long.    Hero  is  a  suc- 
cession of  rapids  in  the  river,  and  several  small  islands.    The  I 
village  is  handsomely  situated  on  the  southwest  end  of  the  isl- 
and of  Montreal,  and  is  the  place  where  the  poet  Moore  located 
.  the  scene  of  his  admired  Canadian  Boat  Song* 

CANADIAN  BOAT  80NO.      . 

BY  THOMAS  MOORIC. 

Faintly  ns  tolls  tlio  evening  ehltnc, 
Our  volcf'8  keep  tuno  nnc!  our  onrs  keep  time ; 
Soon  as  the  woods  on  «horo  look  dim, 
We'll  Hing  nt  8t.  Anne's  our  purtinsf  hymn. 
Row,  brothers,  i  )W,  the  strejun  runs  fist, 
The  Kapids  iire  near  und  Iho  dujllght'a  past. 

Why  should  wo  yet  our  sail  unfkirl  ? 

There  is  not  a  breath  the  blue  wave  to  curl ; 

But  when  tlie  wind  Idows  olT  the  shore, 

Oh  !  sweetly  we'll  rest  our  wenry  oar. 

Blow,  breezes,  blow,  the  stream  runs  fast, 
The  llaplds  are  near  and  the  daylight's  past. 

•  Tho  «o»A/rr«Kr«,  In  nAsslnff  Iho  Bnriids  of  8f^  Anne,  were  former!?! 

■  obllffed  to  take  out  a  nart.  If  not  tlio  wliole,  of  their  lading,  owintt  to  thej 
small  depth  of  water  here  alTonled.  It  is  from  Uu*  villaixe  tliat  ttipCVl 
nadlans  eonslder  they  take  their  departure  <m  aseending  the  Ottawa,  njill 

'  possesses  th«>  last  ehureli  on  tho  Island  of  Montreal,  which  Is  dedicated  l»l 

>  Iho  tutelar  sail  t  uf  voi/ageurt. 


in     ti'<if>n    f. irmorlTI 


MONTREAL    TO    OTTAWA    CITY.  Jg? 

Otfawa's  tide  I  thfs  trembling  moon 

Saint  of  this  green  islo !  hear  our  nravers 
Oh  I  grant  us  cool  heavens  and  favoHntf.Vs 
Blow  breezes,  blow,  the  stream  ru.Ks  fost", 
Tho  Itap.ds  are  near  and  the  daylight's  past. 
Two  miles  west  of  St.  Anne's  commences  tho  Lake  of  the 
Two  Mounfams,  being  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa,  about  ten 
.lies  long  and  eight  miles  wi.Ie.    Here  a  branch  of  the  river 
verges  toward  the  northeast,  forming  the  west  boundary  of 
e.^and  of  Montreal      Two  hills  to  the  north,  elevated  400 
r.00  fee    above  the  nver  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles,  give 
the  name  to  this  body  of  water. 

The  I^nzA^v  ViLLAGK  of  the  Two  Mountains  is  situated  on 
k  north  szde  of  the  Ottawa,  about  L'5  miles  west  of  La  Chino 
Here  reside  tho  remnants  of  two  tribes,  the  Mohaw-s  and  Al^ 
bnqums     The  settlements  are  -Mvided  by  a  Roman  Catholic 
tech.  standmg  near  the  river  side.     On  the  hill  toward  the 
aor  h  are  situated  three  or  four  chapels.    The  highest  sumn 
of  .h.  1  or  mountain,  one  or  two  mH.s  distant.^  called  cl 
hary.and  ,s  visited  by  the  Indians  and  whites  on  certain  re- 
Wm  estivals  of  tho  Koman  Catholic  Church.    Here  the  river 
«ntracs  in  width  to  about  half  a  mile,  for  a  distance  of  one 
NIe.  .:hen  it  again  expan.ls,  forming  tho  Upper  Lake  of  the 
\Tm  Mountams.     About  nine  miles  farther  west  the  river 
|«pn  contracts  to  half  a  mile  in  width. 

On  tho  south  is  passed  tho  settlement  of  JIeoaud,  and  a 
[wuntam  of  tho  same  name. 
C'ARaLov.  eight  miles  farther,  is  on  the  north  sido  of  tho 
«tawa.    Hero  aro  rapids  in  tho  river,  and  tho  navigation  by       ' 
ambcmt  IS  continued  by  moans  of  a  lock  and  canal.  12  miles 
ID  length. 

At  V,nm-  Fortunf:.  opposite  Carillon,  pa.songers  going  to 
J  Ublon,a  Springs  usually  take  a  stage  for  VOnu-.r^A,  a 

ssunco  of   18    miles,  alono-    fbo  -m-'H   » '-    "   ^'       "■■ 

mix  affords  some  picturesque  views. 

.!u  r;'""''*  ^'^  '"'*''  '■•'""'  ^^*""'^°'  "«vigation  is  resume<l 
"tiie  Ottawa  lUvcr.  for  a  further  distance  of  [>H  milus 


f^ii 


188 


MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CITY. 


The  IliDEAu  Falls  (the  Curtain),  so  called  from  their  re- 
semblance to  drapery,  is  formed  by  the  waters  of  the  Rideau 
River  precipitating  itself  into  the  Ottawa,  a  short  distance  be- 
low the  city  of  Ottawa.  This  is  a  beautiful  fall  of  30  feet,  and 
attracts  much  notice,  being  soon  to  advantage  from  the  steamer 
ascending  the  Ottawa. 

CuAUDiEnE  Falls  (the  Boilins;  Pot), viliich.  are  second  only 
to  those  of  Niagara  in  grandeur  and  magnificence,  are  on  the 
Ottawa,  immediately  above  the  city.    These  falls,  in  connection 
with  the  surrounding  scenery,  render  this  section  of  Canada] 
very  attractive  ito  tourists  seeking  health  or  pleasure. 

The  City  of  Ottawa,  C.  W.,  formerly  called  Bi/town,  occu- 
pies  a  most  romantic  position  on  the  southwest  side  of  Ottawa! 
River,  being  120  milch  distant  from  Montreal,  and  51  from  I 
Prescott  by  railway.  It  is  in  a  naturally  strong  situation,  and! 
could  be  easily  rendered  almost  impregnable.  The  city  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  like  Quebec,  known  as  the  Upper  andl 
Lower  Towns,  which  are  about  half  a  mile  apart.  The  Bidinnl 
Canal  commences  here,  and  is  spanned  by  a  handsome  stonoj 
bridge,  forming  part  of  the  street  which  connects  the  two  por-j 
tions  of  the  town,  and  it  is  also  connected  with  Hull,  on  tliaj 
Lower  Canada  side  of  the  river,  by  a  fine  su.sponsiou  bridge. 

The  city  is  justly  celebrated  as  being  a  great  mart  for  lum-l 
ber,  in  which  the  Ottawa  country  abounds.    In  the  neighl)(r-| 
hood  is  foiiTid  beautiful  pale-gray  limestone,  of  which  matorialj 
many  of  the  edifices  arc  constructed,  giving  a  handsome  nnJ 
Bolid  appearnnco  to  the  place ;  the  streets  have  been  laid  ouj 
with  great  rcgiilarity,  and  are  very  wide.    Barrack  Hill. 
commanding  site,  is  retained  by  the  government,  wliich,  1^ 
judiciously   improved,  the  inhabitants  might  have  beautiful 
grounds  for  purposes  of  health  and  recreation.    Here  aresitnl 
atcd  the  county  buildings,  ten  churchos  of  different  denoraina 
tions,  four  or  five  banking  houses,  several  wcU-kopt  liotcb 
together  with  numerous  stores  and  expensive  grist-mills,  saw| 
mills,  and  other  manufacturing  ostabli-shments. 

The  Ottawa  and  Prescott  liaitway,  51  miles  in  length,  i 


UPPER  OTTAWA  RIVER. 


1S9 


mates  at  Prescott.  situated  on  the  St.  Lawrence  Rivor  di- 
rectly  oppcsxte  Ogdensburgh.  No  other  road  of  its  Icn^t  x  in 
A.onca  possesses  greater  advantages  than  this  raihvl/   f 

Stages  and  S'tca,nboals  run  daily  from  Ottawa  City  to  .lit. 
ferent  places  on  the  river  above  ti^e  city.  a(K:.rdIng  L.1 
«cur.ons  dunng  the  summer  and  autumn  months. 
The  Lmon  Line  of  steamers  runs  from  Av.meh,  n^nc  m^^s 
.^.ve  0  tawa  to  Jo.ch..,  loO  miles  above  the  city     The !  « 
y^crs have  throe  iron  steamers,  with  fif.y-horse-power  en^In  s  • 
»e  runmng  .r..a  Aylmer  to  Chatts;    one  from  AmprC  tj 
Portage  Da  Fort,  and  one  from  Portage  Du  Fort  to  tIT- 

fc;a,  and  .t  is  a  remarkable  fact,  that  while  goods  are  car 
ned  m  wmter  on  sleighs  over  this  route  for  50  cent    ^2100 
IfounJs,  the  steamboat  charge  is  $1  2o.  ^ 


VILLAGES  OX  THE  UPPER  OTTAWA  EIVER 

k' at  ,1,!,  plaoa  I,„,  a  fall  rf 5y  ft';  "' '  "" 

I  A»rn,oB,  40  milos  aboTo  tl,o  oily.     Tliis  nl,™  l 


r 


II 


190 


UPPKIl    OTTAWA    KIVEU. 


of  this  section  of  the  country,  one  would  thinlc  that  it  was  the 
Garden  of  Elon,  and  that  it  was  soon  to  be  reclaimed.  Tliosj 
ongtigod  in  building  up  Amprior,  predict  that  it  is  scrn  to 
become  the  Chicago  of  Canada. 

PouTACK  D-J  Fort  is  60  miles  above  Ottawa  City.    Th2| 
rlvor  here  has  a  fall  of  twelve  feet,  affording  good  water-power. 

PKMBROKr:,  100  miles  above  the  city,  is  the  next  place  on  tliej 
river,  and  is  a  point  of  great  importance. 

The  Broch-fille  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  when  complnteJ,  TviU 
terminate  at  this  place,  and  afford  great  facilities  to  tho  settle-| 
m-'uta  on  the  Uj^pcr  Ottawa  Kiver  and  its  tributaries 


'f/  7r/ 


i/i''.  "j-t 


|if.  liitlicrto  but  p'l 
V^i.  This  hike  la  c 
fm^  liike.s,  IVoni  ( 
Jiiib  enters  thoOttr 
'tlie  Koi'pawa-sipp 
I  "'From  tho  Lonp 
plmadi'od  and  thi 
N  three  hundriMi  a 
pa,  down  to  Doux 
Pr.  that  is.  for  ci< 
pioii  of  soventoon  i 
-  ' r- 


OTTA^YA    RIVER. 


Copied  from  the  Canadian  Tourist 

[Jhireni^re^n^tf  J:^^^^  Sof '  tcn-itory. which  it  drains, 
.tions  of  the  lumbernian   an     S       ''  '^'■"^"''"""'I  *«  the  oper- 

in  agricultural  coumrv  £;    "  :/'^\^''^^'  '*^  ^'  'P'^WHtios  as 

%^of  attention  SAhepS'^^^^  ""''"^"'  ^  ^''^^'^^^'^ 
[lit!)  Lake  Huron  aLd  the  F  r  ?vT  -n  ««"''^«^'ng  its  waters 
\k  magnitude  of  the  rh.L  \^        •  7'"  ^^""-'^'^  increase.     Of 

butyCf  the  scenery  rc/vntt't^^^^  ''^'r'^^'  ^"^  *h« 
liaguseof  the  excellent  Ron !rfTf    '«tter  speak  tJ.an  by  n»ak. 

*  ■  ;:*ll';?crn;//''?  ""-■" V^-  -  about  -^ 

1^  «.I  twenty  S,™  S'S.S'''  ''rTr,"""- 
B^n  on  the  east,  or  Low-^r  r,„.„  ,  ,  "^«*^?-  '^'x  >mlca  lower 
f"^«-.,i  ^,i.  a  laSe  river  wni.O  •/'•■'"''' -'^  .^"'^^''^^■^  t^«  Kec 

|.o,hitLerto  but'pSlly  e  p^  r'd   aiul  i;"  '"  "  ''"V"  f  ^''^' 

klred'and^Siv'tln"'  *'•?  ^'"1  °''  ^'^'^'«  Temiscaming, 

h..it.wa    olCnxMl  '"'les  from  the  nmufh  of  the  Ot- 
hr  that  i«  fZ    -  V,'^'^*^""  Ji'ipi'lH,  at  the  head  of  the  D  >eD 

fe'ioi.       oveatcn  S?hf;^^    f''i  "'"  ^^^•^^'^'  with  the  ex? 
huh.  ifln.  !?."'i!.^'«^.  ^''P.^O"/;  S'-iut,  and  some  other 

h<"l'or  tributa'rioaTirHw/lw'^'*"'.^'  I'-^'T  ^"'''*  <'»»''^''''-     »e- 


S'*     '  "'.ill 


.J"  i 


192 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


Ottawa  flo.73  east  by  south  to  the  head  of  Deep  River  Reach, 
nine  miles  above  which  it  receives  the  River  du  Momc  from  tlie 

^"^  '  From  the  head  of  Deep  River,  as  this  part  of  the  OUa^va 
is  called,  to  the  foot  of  Upper  AUumettcs  Lake,  two  miles  below 
the  villoffe  of  Pembroke,  is  an  unintcnMipted  reach  ot  nay,gab,e  I 
water,  fortv-three  miles  in  length.  The  general^  du-oction  of 
the  ri^or  in  this  part  is  southeast.  The  mountams  n  ong  ,.lu-i 
north  side  of  Deep  River  are  upward  of  a  thousan.l  I.e.  ,n 
height,  and  the  mimy  woode-l  islands  of  AUumettcs  Lalce  ren- 
der th^  scenery  of  this  part  of  the  Ott.awa  magn.ticent  a,vl  o.- 
ceedindy  picturesque-far  surpassing  the  celebrated  Lake  of 
the  Thousand  Islands  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  _ 

"  '  Passin-r  th(i  short  rnpid  of  AUumettcs,  and  turning  nortli- 
ward  round Ihe  lower  end  of  AUumettcs  Island,  which  is  ionr- 
teen  miles  long  and  eight  at  its  greatest  width,  and  turn.n,J 
down  southeast%hrough  Coulonge  Lake,  and  passing  beh.n^    e^ 
nearly  similar  islands  of  Calumet  to  the  head  ot  Odmnct  Fa  id 
the  Ottawa  presents,  with  the  exception  of  one  shght  rapid  j 
reach  of  fifty  miles  of  navigable  Avater.     Ihe  mountams  on 
north  side  of  Coulonge  Lake,  which  rise   apparen  ly  to   h 
height  of  fifteen  hundred  feet,  add  a  degree  ot  grandeur  o  t  j 
scenery,  winch  is  in  othev  respects  beautiful  and  varied    Id 
the  Upper  AUumettcs  Lake,  a  hundred  and  hf  een  miles    ci^ 
Ottawa,  the  river  receives  from  the  wes   the  I'f  ;;^;;j^^««'       jl 
its  largest  tributaries.     This  river  is  a  hundred  and  foitj  n  Icj 
in  length,  and  drains  an  area  of  two  thousand    wo  bundijl 
snuare  mles.     At  Pembroke,  nine  miles  lower  down  on  tbj 
same  si™  an  inferior  stream,  the  Indian  River,  also  emptio' 

^^^'"Ifthe'heaSLake  Coulonge  the  Ottawa  receive,  frjl 
the  north  the  Black  River,  a  hundred  and  thirty  mi  cs  m  lengt 
draining  an  area  of  eleven  hundred  and  twenty  miles  and  ninl 
miles  lower  on  the  same  side  the  river  Coulonge,  which  is  proj 
Sy  a  hnndred  and  sixty  miles  in  length,  with  a  vaUey  ol  eigt 

"^.'I'ortSraTof^^e  Calumet  FaUs  to  Portage  du  For 
the  head  of  the  steamboat  navig.ation.  a  distance  ol  e'B  't  nuij 
are  impassable  rapids.     Fifty  nules  above  the  fy^Jl^^]^ 
receives  on  the  west  the  Lonnechoro  a  l'"";lred  and  t  m  , 
in  length  draining  an  area  of  nine  hundred  and  eigh  y  m.W 
Eleveii  miles  lower  it  receives  the  ^adawnska,  one  o    ,  s  grj 

louacra,  a  nvcr  iv.u  uuuuii-i  an--  ^^ c    - 

Ina  four  thousand  one  hundred  square  miles.  ^ 

'« « Thirty-seven  miles  above  Ottawa  there  is  an  int^-mf 
in  the  navigation,  cat-ed  by  three  miles  of  rapids  and  fa  Id 
pa^  which  a  railroad  has  boen  made.     At  the  ioot  ot  ther^ 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


193 


^ntint  n^.  7-^"'  '"^"'"^^  ''^^'''^'  ^"t«  numerous  channels 
'^t^luTt  '""'^r^  •^"'''^y  «^  ««Parate  foils.  '' 

i^^Taill^^^^^^^^^  ^^P'd«  terminating  in  the 

r£^?w  f     ^^  they  present  is  the  Lost  Chaudicrc,  where 
[yy  of  water  greater  in  volume  than  the  Thames  at  London 

I     At  the  ci  y  of  Ottawa  the  river  receives  the  llideau  from 
fcewe«t,  running  a  course  of  a  hundred  and  sixteen  mneVand 

„.,  ilfi    -^        Ottawa  is,  perhaps,  situated  more  pictur- 
B  oly  than  any  other  in  North  America,  with  the  exSn  on 
Nueboc.     The  v  ew  from  the  Barrack  Ilil-embracS^  ^as  U 
iS'rdoudTof  r''  '''  '^-g-fi^-t  Falls  of  thcfchaSdiTr 
Eli  inhnw    .1     o"''^^  'P''^^'  gc^ei-ally  spanned  by  a  bril 
Pu  rambow ;  the  Suspension  Bridge  uniting  Upper  and  Low  r 

Sdi'slandsTn  1  H^'r^*^'  gvoat^Falls,  studd^^d  wfth  p"e  ty 
mter   of  the  ?nf  n'    ''f*''^  ^^'^^^  mountains,  which  dividJ 

Spov.  iPn  •  ^/^'''  laborers  and  artificers  employed  by 
Royal  Lngineers  to  construct  the  liuleau  Canal  tZ 
M  Uemmatmg  at  Kingston)  was  intended  by  lo  govern! 
bf  England  to  be  a  n.eans  of  comnumication  behveen  [he 
fwer  ht.  Lawrence  and  the  Lakes,  in  case  the  communicat  n 
GbT  ffti  R  ^-\^^'pVt^<i-     The  canar.rd"\>:^^^^^ 

I  The  canal  IS  a  .splendid  specimen  of  cn'rinceriuff  skill   nn,! 

tea  Sliltv"  7",TT^'^^^  gonerair,"S;ca'i;rTts 
ttiv  in  fi  r  ^^" .  ^t'K""^  *''^"^  ^«^^«  "««  ^n°  above  another 
Si^l\'f^^*^?^«)-  «^tl^°  «i^y.  the  canal  beina  crossed  bv  I 
U«.''*T  ='""^"."^^^ig«  j«»l  ubuve  them.     The  canal   in  faot 

fc  2  Tl/n'^T  '"''  •^'^^^^'  *''«  ^Pr«''  '^"'l  Lower   •  A  1™ 

?Hil    0,^^°'.^°'''' ''  '^o^JPriscd  "i  what  is  called  the  Ba?! 

mil,  on  which  IS  a  small  barracks  for  trooi^s  and  somn 

Rehouses,  the  property  of  the  imperial  Oovornmen?;  there 


191 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


is  here  a  parade-ground  of  several  acres,  and  the  summit  of 
the  hill,  from  which  is  to  be  seen  the  beautiful  view  which  wej 
spoke  of  before,  is  one  of  the  finest  promenades  in  the  world.  I 
A  few  very  simple  fortifications  on  this  hill  would  make  the  j 
city  of  Otta\\  .  almost  as  impregnable  as  Quebec. 

•'Within  the  last  few  years  a  small  hamlet  has  sprung  upi 
near  the  Suspension  Bridge,  in  consequence  of  the  abundant 
water-power  exiisting  there,  of  which  several  enterprising  per- 
sons have  availed  themselves  to  erect  saw  mills.  There  is  also  | 
here  a  very  large  iron  foundry  and  machine  manufactory. 

"  Here  also  are  the  slides,  erected  by  government,  for  the  j 
passage  of  timber,  in  order  to  avoid  the  great  fall,  over  which 
the  pieces  of  timber  used  to  be  precipitated  singly,  to  be  again 
collected  below  at  a  great  trouble  and  loss.     Throughout  the 
whole  summer,  fiom  morning  to  night,  the  '  cribs'  of  timber, 
each  manned  by  three  or  four  hardy  raftsmen,  may  be  seen 
darting  down  these  slides  ;  while  from  the  lofty  summit  of  the! 
Barrack  Hill  the  huge  rafts,  gay  with  bright  streamers  floatingl 
from  tlieir  many  masts,  may  be  seen  on  the  smooth,  dark  bosom  j 
of  the  river,  the  golden-colored  timber  flashing  in  the  sun- 
beams. 

"  In  the  Lower  Town  are  the  principal  mercantile  establish- 
ments, the  court-house  and  jail,  tlie  Roman  Catholic  Cathedra!,! 
the  Bishops  Palace ;  a  nunnery,  to  which  the  General  Hospitalj 
is  attached,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  college  ;  the  Protestant  hos-| 
pital,  the  Terminus  of  the  Prescott  and  Ottawa  Railway,  andj 
the  steamboat  wharf.  Among  the  objects  well  worth  seeing  inj 
this  part  of  the  town  is  a  steam  saw-mill,  of  great  size,  recentlyl 
erected  by  an  enterprising  citizen.  In  Central  Ottawa  are  tliel 
town-hall,  the  post-office,  telegraph  office  and  news-room,  tol 
which  are  attached  a  library  and  museum,  the  latter  contain- 1 
ing  some  very  interesting  geological  specimens.  In  Upper  Ot- 
tawa are  the  Episcopal  church  and  the  office  at  which  all  the! 
business  connected  with  timber  cut  on  the  lands  of  the  Crown! 
is  transacted.  The  banks  of  Upper  Canada,  British  North! 
America,  Montreal,  and  Quebec  have  agencies  in  the  city. 

"  During  the  summer  months  steamers  run  dally  on  the  riverj 
between  Ottawa  and  Montreal,  and  between  Ottawa  and  Kings-j 
ton,  by  the  way  of  Rideau  Canal.  A  railway  train  leaves  the! 
city  every  day  for  Prescott,  where  those  passengers  who  intendl 
to  go  to  Montreal  change  into  the  cars  of  the  Grand  Trunk  line| 
and  so  rench  Montreal  by  railway. 

••  Travelers  who  wish  to  proceed  farther  up  the  river  can  tak^ 

a  carnage  or  omuiuuB  lux- .t.} unci ,  a  pn;ttj  rm-.v-:  > 

miles  from  Ottawa,  between  which  place  and  Aylmer  there  is 
an  excellent  turnpike  road,  where  they  will  find  a  steameri 
which  takes  them  to  the  Chatts ;  from  this  there  is  a  railway 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


195 


about  two  m.lGs;  they  then  proceed  by  another  steamer  to 
Portage  du  tort;  here  wagon.s  are  usecl  for  a  short  dirtance 
and  another  steamer  takes  them  to  Pembroke,  and  again  "?: 
other  from  that  point  to  Deux  Joachim,  where  for  th^piesent 
Day|gat:on  ceases  for  any  thing  larger  than  a  canoe  A  raU- 
rad  IS  under  construction,  extendi„|  from  Pembroke  to  Brock- 
Tille,  situated  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River 

•'  Immediately  below  the  city  of  Ottawa  the  river  Rideau  dis- 
oharges  in  o  the  Ottawa,  falling  gently  over  the  ed4  of  a  Ume 
stone  prec.pico  like  a  beautifully  transparent  'c'^^L^Vof^ 
water,  from  which  resemblance  its^name  E  be  n  dS  the 
fcl  IS  divided  into  two  portions  by  a  small  rocky  ish  nd  wh  ch 
ad  s  greatly  to  the  picturesqueness  of  the  scene,  'ie  RTdeau 
falls  are  best  seen  from  a  boat.  ^vmtau 

"  A  mile  lower  it  receives  from  the  north  its  ereatest  trib,, 
Ury,the  6^a.m.««  which,  with  a  course  probabfy  of  four  bun-' 
dred  and  twenty  miles,  drains  an  area  of  twelve  thousand  sqwe 
miles.    For  about  two  hundred  miles  the  upper  course  of  tW^ 

S  SiJveved  "ttT"  r?^^^^",  country.^^tXfatthe 
!!».  A    Tv-  ^^  hundred  and  seventeen  miles  from  its 
Moutb  the  Gatineau  is  still  a  noble  stream,  a  thousand  feet 
wide,  diminished  in  depth,  but  not  in  width  '"""'"^"^  ^e^t 

"Eighteen  --ailes  lower  down  the  Riviere  au  Liovre  enters 

LTv  niL"7n'','  ''ir  '"?"i"^.  ^  ^-^"^^^  «f  two  hunlrerlnd 
nly  mi  es  in  length  and  draining  an  area  of  four  thousand 
nc  hundred  miles.  Fifteen  miles  below  it  the  Ottawa  receives 
he  North  and  South  Nation  rivers  on  either  side,  the  former 
mety-five  and  the  latter  a  hundred  miles  in  length.  TweX 
wo  miles  farther  the  river  Rouge,  ninety  miles  lon-r  erSers 
^m  the  north.     Twenty-one  mibs  lower  the  Riviere  du  Nord 

i"h  «v  iust'"h^  ""'■}''  "'  ^1"°.^^'  '"'^'^  '^  -  the  same  side,' 
na  lastly  just  above  its  mouth,  it  receives  the  river  AssumD- 
tiou  which  has  a  course  of  a  hundred  and  thirty  miles         ^ 

cffiffvT  ?      •?  ^^V'^'^'/'  navigable  to  Grenville,  a  distance 

fifty-eight  miles,  where  the  rapids  that  occur  for  twelve  mSes 

are  avoided  by  a  succession  of  canals.     Twenty-three  mS 

>wer,at  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Ottawa,  a  Jng  e  fock  S 

Old  a  slight  rapid  (St.  Anne's  Rapid),  gives  a  p?  sage  in  o 

L  e  St.  L,  ,u,s,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  aboie  Montreal 

Ihe  reimtuimg  half  of  the  Ottawa's  waters  find  their  way 

|S2  ni-\\'    /'T'  ^7  ?''""«  '"^  *^^<>  channels  behind  th^ 

otemle       Th'''^  '"'^^ ''^°  ^'^«,  *^^^"^' ^'^  "^  ^'^"''^'^  «f  thirty! 
!?V'"1''-..  \^'°y '^^f  interrupted  with  rapids,  still  it  is  bv  on« 

iBout'^il'  i'r"r  ^i       r  ^^^!'^''  ^"'"^'^^  P'^^ses  to  market.'    At 
l»)«t  de  lisle,  therefore,  the  Ottawa  is  finally  merged  in  the 


196 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


"  The  most  prominent  characteristic  of  the  Otiawa  is  its 
great  volume.  Even  above  the  town,  -where  it  has  to  receiv; 
tributaries  equal  to  the  Hudson,  the  Shannon,  the  Thames,  the 
Tweed,  the  Bpey,  and  the  Clyde,  it  displays,  when  unconfined, 
a  width  of  half  a  mile  of  strong,  boiling  rapid ;  and  T,!ien  at 
the  highest,  while  the  north  waters  are  passing,  the  volume. 
by  calculated  approximation,  is  fully  equal  to  that  passing 
Niagara — that  is,  double  the  common  volume  of  the  Ganges. 

"  Taking  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  valley  of  the  Ottawa,  we 
see  spread  out  before  us  a  country  equal  to  eight  times  the  State 
of  Vermont,  or  ten  times  that  of  Massachusetts,  Avith  its  great 
artery,  the  Ottawa,  curving  through  it,  resembling  the  Khiaej 
in  length  of  course,  and  the  Danube  in  magnitude. 

"  This  immense  region  overlies  a  variety  of  geological  form- 
ations, and  presents  all  their  characteristic  features,  from  the! 
level  uniform  surface  of  the  Silurian  system,  which  prevails 
along  a  great  extent  of  the  Ottawa,  to  the  rugged  and  roman- 
tic ridges  in  the  metamorphic  and  primitive  formations,  whicli 
Btretch  ftir  away  to  the  north  and  the  northwest.  I 

"  As  far  as  our  knowledge  of  the  country  extends,  we  find! 
the  greater  part  of  it  covered  with  a  luxuriant  growth  of  red! 
and  Avhite  pine  timber,  making  the  most  valuable  forests  in  the} 
world,  abundantly  intersected  with  large  rivers,  fitted  to  con- 
vey the  timber  to  market  when  manufactured. 

"The  remaining  portion  of  it,  if  not  so  --/.aluabb'  wooded,] 
presents  a  very  extensive  and  advantageous  field  for  settlement. 
Apart  from  the  numerous  townships  already  surveyed  and  partly  I 
settled,  and  the  large  tracts  of  good  lar  d  interspersed  througli-| 
out  the  timber  country,  the  great  region  on  the  upper  coursJ 
of  the  western  tributaries  of  the  OttaA/a,  behind  the  red  pinef 
country,  exceeds  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  in  extent,  Avithl 
an  fequal  climate  and  superior  soil.  It  is  generally  a  beautilalj 
undulating  country.  Avoided  with  a  rich  growth  of  maple,  beech,! 
birch,  elm,  etc.,  and  watered  with  lakes  and  streams  afforJinJ 
numerous  mill-sites  and  abounding  in  fish.  Flanking  on  tlioj 
one  side  the  lumbering  country,  which  presents  an  excellonJ 
market  for  produce,  and  adjoining  Lake  Huron  on  the  otlierl 
the  situation,  though  comparatively  inland,  is  highly  advuu-j 
tageous.  In  the  diversity  of  resources,  the  Ottawa  couutnT 
above  described  presents  unusual  attractions  alike  to  agricul-f 
tural  and  commercial  enterprise." 


LAKE  GEOPtGE,  OR  HORICON. 


Tms  romautio  sheet  of  water,  whose  beauties  are  almost  in- 
describable,  lies  mostly  in  the  county  of  Warren,  N.  Y.,  27 
miles  north  of  Saratoga  Springs.     It  is  justly  celebrated  for  its 
Tailed  and  beautiful  scenery,  and  for  the  transparency  and 
purity  of  Us  waters.     It  is  36  miles  long,  north  and  south,  and 
froai  two  to  three  milts  wide ;  and  is  elevated  243  feet  above 
tii«  tide-water  of  the  Hudson,  although  its  waters  Sow  north 
iato  Lake  Champlain.    It  is  surrounded  by  high  and  pictur- 
esque hills,  sometimes  rising  to  mountain  height,  and  dotted 
with  numerous  islands,  said  to  count  as  many  as  there  are  days 
in  the  year ;  some  are  of  considerable  size,  and  cultivated ; 
while  others  arr  only  a  barren  rock,  rising  majestically  out  of 
the  surrounding  wate;  -s.     The  wild  and  romantic  scenery  of  this 
lake  is  nowhere  surpassed.     The  bed  of  the  lake  is  a  handsome 
yellowish  sand,  and  tae  water  is  so  pure  and  transparent  as  to 
m'hv  the  bottom  visible  from  30  to  40  feet.    Here  the  delicious 
salmon -trout,  that  weigh  from  five  to  twenty  pounds,  are  found 
in  great  numbers,  and  of  the  finest  quality.    Silver  trout,  brook 
trout,  pike,  pickerel,  perch,  and  several  other  kinds  of  fresh 
water  fish,  are  also  abundant.     Travelers  on  the  tour  from  the 
Springs  to  Canada  should  not  fail  to  visit  Lake  George ;  by  the 
French  called  Lac  Sacrament,  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its 
waters.    The  steamboat  •«  Minnehaha"  runs  through' the  lake, 
from  Caldwell  to  the  landing  near  the  village  of  Ticonderoga,' 
whence  stages  run  to  Fort  Ticonderoga,  at  the  steamboat  land- 
"ig  on  Lake  Champlain ;  where  steam  passage  boats,  on  their 
route  from  Whitehall  to  Burlington  and  Rouse's  Point,  touch 
ilaily  during  the  season  of  navigation.     This  route  is  v.aried  ia 
soenery,  and  deeply  interesting  in  historical  incidents. 

The  romantic  village  of  Caldwell,  lying  at  the  south  end 
of  the  lake,  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  two  churches,  and 


MA. 
% 


't 


1*1 


ntlitti 


198 


LAKE    GEORGE,    OR    IIORICON. 


a  number  of  handsome  private  residences,  besides  Fort  William 
Henry  Hotel  and  the  Lake  House,  two  popular  public  houses, 
which  are  usually  thronged  with  fashionable  visitors  during  the 

Bummer  months. 

"  Lalie  George  abounds  with  small  ond  beautiful  islands. 
among  the  most  important  of  which  are  Diamond  Is  and,  Tea 
Island,  an.l  Long  Island.  Rogers  Uock  or  Slide,  and  Anthony  3 
Nose,  the  former  on  the  west  and  the  latter  on  the  east  side,  are 
two  precipices  worthy  of  note.  Howe's  Landing,  just  behuid  an 
island  at  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  denotes  the  spot  where  the  un- 
fortunate expedition  of  Abercrombie  landed,  and  derives  iU 
name  from  Lord  ^lowe,  who  accompanied  and  leil  in  that  ex- 

^*^"'Ss  lake  and  its  vicinity  has  been  the  scene  of  several  im- 
portant  battles.  One  which  has  been  generally  known  as  the 
Battle  of  Lake  Georire,  was  fought  at  the  head  ot  the  lake  in 
1755,  between  the  French  under  the  Baron  Dieskau,  and  the 
English  under  Sir  Wm.  Johnson.  Dieskau  attiicked  the  Lnglis  1 
in  their  encampment,  but  was  defeated  and  slain,  ihe  loss  o^ 
the  English  was  130  slain,  and  that  ot  the  French  about  <U0. 

"  The  most  shocking  transaction  in  the  vicinity  ot  this  lake 
was  the  Massacre  at  Fort  William  Henry  in  l'^'-/^  ^^[itish 
and  Provincial  army  having  been  collected  at  tor  Edward  and 
Fort  William  Henry  under  Gen.  Webb,  for  the  reduction  ot  the 
French  works  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  French  sent  a  large  amy 
up  the  lake  under  Gen.  Montcalm,  for  their  delense  ben. 
Webb,  then  at  Fort  William  Henry,  learmng  from  iMaj.  I  utnam 
that  this  force  had  entered  Lake  George,  returned  immediate  y 
to  Fort  Edward,  and  the  day  following  sent  tol  Monroe,  mth 
his  regiment,  to  reinforce  the  garrison  at  the  lake.  I  lie  day 
after  Monroes  arrival  the  French  appeared  at  the  tort,  laid 
sien-e  to  it,  and  demanded  its  surrender.  Ihe  garrison,  con- 
sisUng  of  2,500  men,  defended  tiiemselves  w-'-.  much  bravery 
for  several  days,  with  the  expectation  ot  succor  ^roi"  I'^JJ^J 
ward.  Eut  as  none  came,  Monroe  was  obliged  on  the  0 th  ot 
August  to  capitulate.  By  the  articles  of  capitulation  all  the 
pubhc  property  was  to  be  delivered  to  Montcalm,  and  the  gar- 
?ison  were  to  march  out  with  their  arms  and  baggage,  and  t 
be  escorted  to  Fort  Edward,  on  condition  of  not  serving  against 
the  French  within  the  period  of  eighteen  mo^t  ,is- 

-  The  garrison  had  no  sooner  marched  out  oi  the  fort  lian  a 

„+•  ,>.vH(iv  and  bnvbaritv  commenced,  which  it  is  inipos- 

sSlTlbr&mige  to  describe.     Regardless  of  the  articles  ot 
camtulatiou!t^  to  the  French  army  tell  upon 

*  See  Tbomi  sou's  Vermont,  Part  II.,  page  8. 


LAKE  GEORGE,  OR  HORICON. 


199 


Ifedefpuseless  soldiers,  plundering  and  murdering  all  that  fell 
I'fflttieir  way.     The  French  offiocM-s  wore  idle  spectators  of  this 
,  scene ;  nor  could  all  thu  entreaties  of  Monroe  persuade 
Itliem  to  furnish  the  promised  escort.     On  that  fatal  day  about 
|!,30<)  of  the  EngLsh  were  either  murdered  by  the  savages  or 
Iwrried  by  them  into  captivity  never  to  return. 
I  "The  day  following  these  horrid  transactions,  Mdjor  Putnam 
lias  dispatched  from  Fort  Edward  with  his  rangers  to  watch 
lite  motions  of  the  enemy.     He  reached  Lake  Geor<re  just  after 
liierear  of  the  enemy  had  left  the  shore,  and  the  scene  which 
lias  presented  he  describes  as  awful  indeed.     « The  fort  was 
iBtirely  destroyed;   the  barracks,  out-houses,  and   buildings 
liere  a  heap  of  ruins— the  cannon,  stores,  boats,  and  vessels 
■we  all  carried  away.   The  fires  were  still  burning— the  smoke 
Icl  stench  offensive  and  suflFocating.     Innumerable  fragments 
ifliuman  skulls,  and  bones  and  carcasses  half  consumed,  were 
ffl  frying  and  broiling  in  the  decaying  fires.     Dead  bodies 
BDgled  with  scalping-knives  and  tomahawks,  in  all  the  Avan- 
^"Jiess  of  Indian  barbarity,  were  everywhere  to  be  seen.    ]\Iore 
JilOO  women,  butchered  and  shockingly  mangled,  lay  upon 
[ground  still  weltering  in  their  gore.     Devastation,  barbar- 
',and  horror  everywhere  appeared;  and  the  spectacle  pre- 
Btedwas  too  diabolical  and  awful  either  to  be  endured  or 
scribed.' " 


li 


STEAMER   ON   LAKE   GEORGE. 

[Anew  steamboat  is  being  built  on  Lake  George  in  the  place 
jthe  John  Jay,  burned  in  July  last.  She  is  145  feet  long 
t;l26feet  wide.  The  boiler  and  furnace  are  placed  in  com- 
irtments,  incased  in  iron,  entirely  fire-proof,  no  expanse  being 
hd  in  order  to  make  her  a  beautiful  and  safe  passenger  boat. 
[Her  name,  "  Minne-ha-ha,"  a  romantic  one,  is  selected 
p great  appropriateness  from  Longfellow's  Hiawatha  •' 

"With  him  dwelt  his  dark-eved  daughter, 
Wayward  as  the  Minnehaha; 
With  her  moods  of  shade  and  sunshine, 
Eyes  that  frowned  and  smiled  alternate. 
Feet  as  rapid  as  the  river, 
Tresses  flowing  like  tiie  water, 
And  as  musical  a  laughter ; 
And  he  named  her  from  the  river, . 
From  the  waterfall  he  named  her 
Minne-ha-ha— if(/ ughing  icater.^' 


200 


FALLS    OF   TICONDEROGA. 


The  Falls  of  Ticonderoga,  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Lakt 
George,  are  well  worthy  the  attention  of  tourists.     Here  aro 
two  important  cascades  within  the  distance  of  two  or  three 
miles,  surrounded  by  mountain  scenery  of  great  historic  in- 
terest.    The  Upper  Falls,  near  the  village  of  Alexandria,  are 
formed  by  a  succession  of  descents  of  upward  of  200  foet  witliia 
the  distance  of  a  mile,  affording  water-power  unsurpassed  In 
any  other  locality  in  the  State  for  safety  and  a  steady  flow  of  I 
water,  the  stream  not  being  aubject  to  freshets.    The  Lownl 
Fall,  in  the  village  of  Ticonderoga,  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  I 
80  feet,  boin^  much  used  for  hydraulic  purposes.     The  ruini 
of  old  Fort  Ticonderoga,  two  miles  below  this  place,  aro  si;u-| 
ated  on  a  point  of  land  at  the  entrance  of  the  outlet  of  Lakoj 
George  into  Lake  Champlain,  standing  on  an  eminence  of  abouti 
60  foet,  overlooking  the  lake  ;  the  ruins  are  plainly  visiblo  fron 
the  water,  presenting  a   conspicuous  and  interesting  objectJ 
About  1,800  yards  southwest  stands  Mount  Defiancf,  mmi 
750  feet  above  the  lake,  overlooking  and  commanding  thesiti 
of  Fort  Ticonderoga.     A  public  house,  for  the  accommodatioij 
of  visitors,  stands  near  the  steamboat  landing. 


DISTANCES    FROM  CALDWELL  TO    ALBANT,  via  SAR.VTOO^ 

8PUIN0S. 


CALDWELL 0 

Glenn's  Falls,  Stage. .  0 
Morcau  Station  "      . .  5 

SarATOOA  Si'RINfSS.  .15 

Sallatou  Spa. 7 

Mechnnicsvlll'j 13 

Junction  Albany  R.R.  0 

WaterfnrJ 2 

Cohoos 1 

Troy 8 

ALIi.VNT 6 


0     ALBANY 0 

9     Troy G 

14     Cohoos 3 

29     Waterford 1 

80  Junction  Albany  H.Il   2 

49     Meohanicsvillo 6 

5.')     BallstonSpa 13 

57  Saratooa  SPRINGS: ,  7 

58  Moreau  Station 15 

01  Glenn's  Fulls,  .S/fl<^'fi..  6 

67  CALDWELL     "      .0 


I-AKE    CIIAMPLAI.Y. 


'a  9ARATO0 

0 

•    •    •    * 

0 

3 

*    •    •    • 

1     1 

r  11. 11 

2     1 

G     1 

.... 

13     ' 

y.Q9 . 

1 

.  •  •  * 

15    i 

tnge. 

5    1 

t 

9       ! 

Mt,  through  which  run.  ihX     T        "^  ^  "'"^  '^^^  ^cr* 

.Wvo  mile    in  ;dH',:''7'"',"°"'°"  ■""■'«  ■"■  '» 

U  a  number  :tZlXZuZZ^,%  °[T''  """^ 
".t.  r™  WhitohaU  t  Crown Ctttt'lll  °°'.'°  ^"^ 
".  but  horo  it  bcrin,  f„  ,  '"  "  1''"«  »»'■- 

h  it  »Foad,  to  it.  gritc^t  .Tdt  !^:;,!ri"°''""' 

h«»te  Lake  Champlain  i,,„,,„,;;;°   "    00  ton,  burden, 

"lie,  or  Bicbolicu  llivor  it,  „„,,„    f  '    '""'°  ''»""'  "'» 

■*.ro  steamboat  navig  t L;    ealT     't  If  r  ,    "■''  '•'""""''■ 
l»  ffliles.      Tbis  lake  i.    ,,        ™'  "  '"'"'  J's'""""  of  about 

■W»  south,  a  dist^ue^    T:  ,    °  "-^rf"-  '•°"»'.  "Woh 
I'Koter  of  Lako  f;i,am,.i  ■         ,  ^  "  "PP™""!!  near 

-option;  the  l.oadlaudX,  :,ri  ,1":  "'™'  P'f"™,- 

;'  «■«  vast  r„„g«  or  n,„„,„.in,  o„  :■„   r  ^de'™  t    r'*' 
"imnnlie.     Tb»  i.:....-..   -    ."".'""^  »'*'.  "ro  truly  gra„.| 

^"""1'  'lump,    IS  soon  on  tho  east    »l,fl„  .u 

'""  '"""^  '-""s"  »f  ■»-'-■.  peak»;.b.  ^,,;:i'J; 


202 


LAKE    CIIAMPLAIN. 


group,  contains  the  highest  land  in  the  State  of  New  YorkJ 
rising  in  some  places  to  the  height  of  5,000  feet  and  upward] 
abounding  with  iron  ore  and  timber  of  large  growth.  la  tliJ 
streams  which  flow  into  this  lake  are  frequent  waterfalls  ofl 
great  beauty ;  and  the  fine  headlands,  with  numerous  indentaT 
tions  and  bays  of  singular  beauty,  only  need  to  be  seen  to  b| 
admired.  Its  waters-  are  well  stored  with  salmon,  salmon  troutj 
sturgeon,  pickerel,  and  other  fish. 

"  Lake  Champlain  was  discovered  by  Samuel  Cliamplain  id 
July,  16(19,  having  founded  the  colony  of  Quoboc  in  Ju08;  )i 
June,  180'.),'  he,  with  a  number  of  French  and  Imhans,  pro 
oeeded  in  a  shallop  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and  r.vor  Iroqu(< 
now  Richelieu,  till  stopped  by  the  Chambly  Rapids.  I  roni  tlJ 
place  ho  determined  to  proceed  in  Indian  canons,  but  til 
Frenchmen  manifested  great  reluctance,  and  only  two  woull 
boparsuadod  to  accompany  him.  With  these  and  about  s,xtj 
of  the  natives,  having  transported  tlieir  canoes  by  tlie  rapulsol 
the  2d  of  July,  and,  proceeding  southward,  on  the  4tb  ot  Jull 
he  entered  the  lake  J 

•'  Champ  LAIN  and  his  party  proceeded  along  tlic  west  slmrj 
advancing  by  water  during  the  night  and   retinn??  into  thi 
forests  by  day,  to  avoid  being  discovered  by  the  Irofiuois,  tx 
tween  whom  and  the  Canada  Indians  a  war  was  then  oirned  od 
As  they  drew  near  the  enemy's  country  they  procc  ^Unl  wi^ 
Rreat  caution,  but  on  the  liDth  of  July,  in  the  evoirng.ty 
fell  in  with  a  largo  war  party  of  the  Iroquois.     Roth  piirtij 
drew  up  to  the  shore,  and  the  night  was  spent  in  preparatij 
for  battle,  and  in  singing  and  taunting  each  oth  -r.     In  tl| 
morning  an  engagement  took  place,  but  the  b  ronchmmi  beiii 
armed  with  muskets,  it  was  decided  in  favor  of  Chanipbiin  aj 
his  party,  a  largo  number  of  the  Iroquois  being  slam  .indsert 
ral  taken  prisoners.      With  these  they  returned  imnioaiatcB 
to  their  shallop.     Champlain  says  that  this  battle  wiis  tougl 
in  lat.  4a •^  and  some  minutes,  and  the  place  is  supFHCt  i 
have  boon  on  the  went  shore  of  Lake  Oeorgo.      Ihe  presfl 
name  of  LakoChampb.in  was  given  by  its  discoverer  during 
first  visit.  f\8  he  iiabrms  us  in  his  journal.      lU  wa^  j 
drowned  in  its  waters,  ns  has  been  sometimes  said,  but  aiwj 
Quebec  in  10:15.      One  of  the  Indian  names  of  this  m^  Jl 
i*!-ta>iui,Bimquv.  signify Ing  altornnto  land  and  watfr,  lUJii'l 
■ion  to  the  numerous  islands  an«l  projecting  points  of  wj 
Another  is  said  to  have  been  Vuniailni-Uuaruitte,  signitvii 
the  mouth  or  door  of  the  country.    1  f  so.  it  was  very  nVP^prnj 
as  it  forms  tljo  P-aH-wav  botirccn  the  country  ou  tho  tot.  wi 


LAKR    CHAMPLAIN". 


203 


r^  l5q  ^"rlf  f  "'''r\^"L^'  ^^  *^'«  l-ike  commenced  running 

ffllM).)      Ihe  ////<-  boats  have  always  been  favor-iblv  knnw? 

lotravelers  either  for  business  or  nli,«n  «%     *?       -^      ''^^ 

Lhich  they  bave  been  managea-tti'i  nTa^   .'^^      "!'T''  ^" 

Lnnce--obliging  an<l  atteSio  ^l^rr^^^/effid^nrlr 

I.U  present  there  are  daily  bnes  to  nnd  from  Wl!     j    n        i 

K..e-s  I>o:nt  .toppin,  at  Ti-Lndc-ogl  1^   litSn    •  IS  uS 

inJmtcuuue.liatephtces,  connecting  vviththo^oriourrS 

I  «.,.y,/.,;,^  Canal  connects  the  waters  of  the  Hudson  with 
IkkeChamplain.  It  is  (U  miles  long,  40  feet  wi<Ie  at  the  top  and 
■Sat  the  bottom,  with  a  navigable/..,/.,  at  Sandy  Mill  ]  1  .n-'ieg 

li?f  f  •  n'  f '  /r':'  ''  '^  ''  '"*•     l^'^^  '"--  ^^-  "»dson. 
feet   fall  to  the  lake.  54;  was  begun  in  1810,  finished  in 

|1.  and  cost  $  .079.872.    The  route  of  this  canal  is  interest- 

f  ?on  account  of  its  passing  through  a  section  of  cor.ntry  ren- 

iered  memc^  able  by  important  military  operation..     It  pa.ses 

kpart  along  the  line  of  Burgoyne's  advance  from  Lake  Thnm- 

^».n-near  the  scene  of  his  principal  battlcs-nnd  of  his  final 

"wremlor.      It  passes  near  Fort  Miller -Fort  Edward-the 

J.tw!H.re  Miss  M'Crea  wns  murdered-Fort  Anne-the  trc-  to 

ftich  Ocn.  Putnam  was  bound  in  1 757,  etc. 


iifl.iT  OF  TirR  riuyciPAt  Morx- 

|»»l)hTAIN  KaNUE. 

Rii  ,..r  N„rth  Ponk,  Mans- 

>lil  McHiiitair.    4,279  ft 

N<*l'«l|iuiin,  Huntlnglon  4'ik;)  "" 

Fi'«'itl»iiry  Moutiluiii.   ...  4,t»S(}  " 

l'%"rs„„tliro„k,Mnns. 

I'll  McMindiin  ....  8  99,9  h 

liiinKi,,,,  |',.„|t,  Hh(>rliiirri«'»  8[9'2i  " 

nii'iov   Mouniaiii     u„..- 

Il'"'''*"f; '..'.'.7.'.  8.7(1(1  " 

■«"ine)'  Mt,,  Wlndfior. . . .  8,320  •• 
Burfai-o  of  Lakr  ('[fampi.ain, 
''        Lakk  Ukukos 
La  KB  Ontabi. 


Al.TITtTnR  op  THE  PftlNnpAT,  MoUN- 
TAINS  NoRTIIKtlN  }iKW  YoHK- 
Adirondaok  (JllOtJP. 

Mount  \fnrpr,     f  1  r  4,17  „ 

Mount    Mvin.      Essex  )     '  ^ " 

tire —   •   • .  -!  in  t>w  " 

Mount  McMar.  ]  County.  | 

T^."r»r   ■•:■.••  •■  J  SOfX^  " 

J'inl  iMountJiln  4  oitn  " 

WhltcfawMt.  S" 

Miitini  Hrwaru.Krmiklin  Co.  4,tKN)  " 

Mount  Lyon,  Clinton  Co.  ..  4,000  •• 

»''f'^e  •1«'« POfrct. 

.«•<«   '• 

"    884   '• 


w  I  't  M 


H   ' 


204 


LIST    OF    STEAMERS,    ETC. 


LtST  OF  STEAMERS  BUILT  AND  RTTNNING  ON  L.VKE  CHAM 

PLAIN  SINCE  1809. 

lUil't         Nnrne.  *TnrR.      Whe'e  hnllt.  ncmnrk^. 

1809'.  .Vermont* 167.  .Burlington,  Vt.-sunk  Oct.  1^15 

1S15.  .Phcenix  (Ist) 836. . Vergennes,  Vt-burn   Sept.,  Isl!). 

181T. .Champlain 12S. . Vergennes,  Vt.-burnt  1»U. 

1S19. .Congress 209. .  Vergennes,  Vt.-broken  up. 

IS^O    Phoenix  (2d) 346.. Vergennes,  Vt.—brolfen  up. 

13'25'.'.Gcn.  Greene 1:!5.. Burlington,  Vt.-brolcen  up. 

13'T    Franklin    .S12 . . St.  Albans,  Vt.-broken  up. 

"'  .■."Washington 134. .Essex,  N.  Y.-br'>ken  up. 

1323..M'Donough 133.. St.  Albans,  Vt.-lost  1841. 

1332    Winooski. 159.  .Burlington,  \  t.-oroken  up. 

ii    '  ■  "Water- Witch 107 . .  Fort  Cassin,  Vt.— changed  to  schoouen 

1337*  Burlington 482..SheIburne,  Vt.-broken  up. 

18.38. :  Whitehall  1 461 . .  Whitehall,  N  Y. -broken  up. 

1343    Saranae 831.. Shelbume,  Vt.-broken  up. 

"       Bouquet 81.. Essex,  N.  Y. 

1345'. '.Francis  Saltus 373.. Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

1847.  .United  States B66.  .Shelbume,  Vt. 

"    . .Ethan  Allen 500    Shelburno,  Vt. 

1851 . .Bostoa 219 .  ■Shelbume,  Vt. 

1353.  .America S?!" "S  '  'N^"  '  m  v 

lf53.. Canada 718.. Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

1356.  .Montreal ^16. .Shelbume,  \  t. 

"    . . Oliver  Basoom 860 . .  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

STEAMERS  BUILT  ON  LAKE  GEORGE. 

flnlU  NnniP  Where  built,  Reniaikg. 

1817.  .Caldwell,  (Ist) Tlcordcroga-burnt  1321. 

1824. .Mountaineer Caldwell    condemned  18.37. 

1888 .  .Caldwell,  (2d) Ticonderoga-broken  up. 

1862.. John  Jay.. burnt,  July,  ISSfl. 

1857.  .Mln-nc-ha-ha CaldwoU. 


AMERICAN  STEAMERS  RUNNING  ON  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN,  IMI  | 
(DAY    AND   NIGHT   LINK.') 
Name  Tons.  From  and  To. 

AatERiCA,  Capt.  Flagg  ....  081    Whitohall  to  Uurhngtonand 

Rouse's  I'oint.  ' 

Canada,  Capt.  DiiviB 718  *'               *|              " 

Unitkd  States.. 5t>6 

Capt.  Wm.  Anderson.  , ,       ,       , 

Francih  Galtuh 3T3  Whitehall  to  Plaltaburgli. 

vf..«.^»..4j   |.  ri.,.tnlw.rlii»    4 1 »»     Rurlinffton  to  Plattshurjjli 
ilouQUKT,  Cnpt.  IJarkcv  ...     Bl     I'lattHburghtoSt.  Albans,\t.j 
BoHToN,  Capt.  lliuklo/ 219    Burlington  to  House  s  Pomt  | 

""•  Bull7and  nin  by  Capt.  John  Winants.    Fare  |7  IVom  Whitch.n!l ! 
St.  John's,  Cai . 


8TE    MBOAT    AND    TIAILROAD    ROUTES. 


205 


FR  RIGHT    BOATS. 

Ethan  Allen,    Capt  Wright,  500    AViiitehall  to  St.  John's  Can 
Oliver  Cascom,   "    Eldridgo,  3  JO  "  " 

Jiimes  II  Hooker,  Propeller  .*  u 


TO  BUELINGTON,   HOUSE'S  POINT,  AND  MONTREAL. 

Stations,  etc.  Miles. 

Montreal,  Can o 

St.  John's,        "    .  . . .  21 

House's  Point,  N.  Y.. '.  23-44 

Plattsburgh,        "     . .  25-69 

Port  Kent,           "    . .  ]6-84 

TUrRLIVGTON,  Vt.  .  10-94 

Essex,  N.Y 14-108 

;>estport,  '«    12-120 


Landings,  etc. 

Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

B?nson,  Vt 

i  Orwell,    "    ....... 

T'oonfleroga,  N.  Y.  . 

Lan bee's  Point,  Vt. 

Crown  Point,  N.  Y. . 

Port  Honry,       '« 
[  "'ostport,  " 

feex,  " 

Bl-rli.vgtoiv,  Vt 
SPortKent,  N.  Y...".";;     16-80 

Plattsburgh,  *«    15-101 

\  Rome's  Point,  N.  Y.  .   25-120 

*"!.  John's,  Can 23-149 

[Montreal,  "    21-170 


Miles. 

0 

13 

7-20 

4-24 

1-25 

8  33 

8-41 

9-;')0 

12-02 

14-70 


Port  Hen vy,  N.  Y 9-129 

Crown  Point,     "    8-137 

Larabee's  Point,  Vt. . .  8-145 

Ticon'leroga,  N.  Y.  . . .  1-146 

Orwell,  Vt 4-150 

Benson,   "    .  7-1.57 

w  ' 


,.  „  ,  HITEHALL,  N.  Y.    .  .     13-170 

UiTAL  Time  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point,  9  hours. 

p       f"^''. $3  00 

.<   Pvouse  s  Point  to  Montreal,  2  hours. 

Through  Fare 4  qq 


EAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  WHITEHALL  TO  ALBANY. 
Stations. 


Miles. 


WIIITEIFALL 0 

Fort  Anne  ....  11 

F'.rt  Kfiwnni...'..' .■.■;. ■;;;;;;■;••  {2 


1 


Moreau  Station 

Saratoga  Springs.  ...    15 

BuUstonSpa  

MoclinnicaYill 
W (Iter ford  . . 
Troy  . 
ALBANY.'.".' 


I 

8 
4 

6 


Usual  Time.  3, J  hours.     Faro,  $2  38. 


Total  Miles. 

0 

..  11 

..  28 

..  24 

..  89 

..  46 

, .  59 

,.  67 

.  71 

.  77 


206 


WHITEHALL. 


The  village  of  Whitehall.,  77  miles  north  of  Albany  by 
railroad  route,  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  at  the  head 
of  Lake  Champlain,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Champlain 
Canal  with  the  lake,  being  a  secure  and  important  naval 
station  in  time  of  war.  The  village  was  incorporated  in  1820, 
and  now  contains  four  churches,  three  hotels,  a  bank,  30  stores 
of  dififerent  kinds,  several  storehouses,  and  extensive  forwavdin-r 
houses;  two  ship-yards  and  two  dry  docks,  where  are  built au J 
repaired  steamboats,  lake  craft,  and  canal  boats ;  machine-shops 
brick-yards,  tanneries,  and  other  manufacturing  establislimenU 
Population  about  4,000. 

Besides  the  daily  line  of  stoamci's  running  from  AVhitoliall  to 
Burlington,  Plattsburgh,  and  Rouse's  Point  on  the  n  -tli,  tlia 
Saratoga  and  Whitehall  Railroad  extends  40  miles  south,  to 
Saratoga  Springs,  and  a  branch  railroad  exten  Is  east  to  Rut- 
land,  Vt.,  connecting  with  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  Rail- 
road, thus  forming  speedy  facilities  for  reaching  New  York  ami 
Boston  by  railroad  routes. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Whitehall  are  high  and  ruasrel 
hills,  while  to  the  south  lies  the  valley  formed  by  Wood  Creek, 
heading  near  the  banks  of  the  Hudson.  Through  this  val'.oy, 
during  the  old  French  War  of  1759,  and  the  Revolutionary  War 
of  1770,  the  French,  the  Bi-itish,  and  the  American  armios 
each  marshaled  their  forces  pi*eparatory  to  attack,  or  on  their 
retreat  This  place  was  formerly  called  Skecnoihoroif^h. 
The  Indian  name  was  said  to  be  Kah-sha-quah-na,  or  place 
where  dip  fish.  Here,  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  for  a 
time,  was  the  rendezvous  of  the  American  forces;  this  point 
and  Lake  George  being  the  only  two  accessible  approaches  from 
IJanada,  by  the  invading  foe,  under  Oon.  Burgoyne.  Iloro.  too, 
•luring  the  old  French  Wur,  (Jen.  Putnam  distinguished  him 
Kclf ,  both  in  battle  and  in  an  adroit  escape  from  Indian  foes,  har- 
ing,  it  is  said,  plungod  into  the  lake  about  one  mile  north  of 
Skeenoaborough,  and  .swam  his  horse  to  the  opposite  shore,  thus 
eluding  their  pursuit.  Peaceful  pursuits  and  pleasure  now 
render  this  place  a  great  thoroughfare 


This  excursic 


TRIP  FROM  WHITEHALL  TO  BURLIXGTON  AXD 
ROUSE'S  POmT. 


This  excursion,  during  the  summer  months,  is  the  most  ^rand 
and  interesting  of  any  of  similar  extent  in  North  America- 
passing  through  a  romantic  lake,  with  high  mountains  in  the 
distance,  and  past  scenes- rendered  classic  by  their  associations 
with  events  that  occurred  during  the  old  French  and  Revolu- 
tionary  wars. 

On  leaving  the  new  steamboat  wharf,  about  one  mile  north  of 
Whitehall,  an  interest  is  at  once  excited  in  the  breast  of  all 
mteihgent  travelers.  The  hills  rise  abruptly  to  the  height  of 
several  hundred  feet,  while  the  lake  or  outlet  of  Wood  Creek  is 
hemmed  in  for  several  miles  by  rocky  cliffs.  The  Elbow,  the 
^arrows,  the  PiUpit,  and  other  names,  are  given  to  the  most 
interesting  points. 

Bknson  13  miles  below  Whitehall,  is  the  first  steamboat 
landing  Here  the  waters  begin  to  widen  to  about  half  a  mile 
m  width. 

Orwkll,  seven  miles  farther,  is  another  steamboat  landing 
Here  the  lake  widens  from  one  to  two  miles. 

TicoNDEuoGA,  24  miles  north  of  Whitehall,  and  four  miles 
oa^t  of  the  foot  of  Lake  George,  is  a  sacred  and  romantic  spot, 
w  ere  IS  a  convenient  steamboat  landing  and  a  good  hotel,  be- 
sides  the  celebrated  ruins  of  the  old  Fort. 

Fort  TicoNDEROGA.-Tho  ruins  of  this  old  fortification  are 
^'tuated  in  the  town  of  Ticonderoga,  Essex  Co..  on  the  west  side 
0  Lake  Champlain,  at  the  entrance  of  the  outlet  of  Lake  Georce 
-  .....  ,,.,,,^  ^,  rtiiiionaii.  liiis  piaco  was  originally  called 
u^^-on.der.o.fra  by  the  Indians,  signifying,  in  their  language. 
nom,  and  applied  to  the  falls  in  the  outlet  of  Lake  vK^orge  •  jt^ 
name  was  afterward  slightly  changed  by  the  French  mU>  its 


m 


m 


2  OS 


wniTEriALL  TO  rouse's  point. 


present  appellation,  which  it  has  borne  ever  since  it  was  fii-st 
occupied  and  fortified  by  them  in  1756.     The  fort  was  at  fmi 
named  Fort  Carillon,  but  afterward  called  Fort  Ticonderca 
by  the   English  and  Americans       This  fortification  cost  the 
French  government  a  large  sum  of  money,  and  was  considere  1 
rery  strong,  both  by  nature  and  art.     It  stands  on  a  point  of 
land  elevated  70  feet  above  Lake  Champlain,  being  surrouiifle] 
on  three  sides  by  water,  and  on  the  northwest  it  was  defenaed 
by  strong  breastworks.     Mount  Independence,  on  the  opposite  I 
or  east  side  of  the  lake,  was  also  fortified,  and  some  of  the  in- 
trenchments  fere  still  visible,  elevated  110  feet  above  the  lake, 
and  overlooking  the  peninsula  of  Ticonderoga.     After  several  | 
sanguinary  conflicts  in  this  vicinity,  and  under  the  very  walls 
of  the  fort,  in  which  several  thousand  lives  were  sacrificed,  this 
important  military  position  was  tamely  evacuated  by  the  French 
in  1759,  and  given  up  to  the  British  army  under  Lord  Amherst; 
who  retained  possession  until  it  was  taken  by  surprise  by  Col.  I 
Ethan  Allen,  of  the  American  army,  in  1775.     lie  is  said  to 
have  entered  the  fort  througli  a  subterraneous  passage  from  the 
south,  extending  to  the  lake ;  surprising  the  commandant  in  his 
bed  before  he  was  aware  of  his  danger,  and  in  his  characteristic 
way  required  the  officer  to  surrender.     He  asked  to  whom  .'I 
"  Why,  to  Jehovah  and  the  Continental  Congress,  to  be  sure,"  \ 
was  his  laconic  reply.     In  1777,  the  British  army,  under  Gsn, 
Burgoyne,  on  their  route  to  Saratoga,  appeared  in  array  before 
Ticonderoga,  when  Gen.  St.  Clair,  the  American  comnmndor, 
was  forced  to  evacuate;  the  enemy  having  erected  a  battery  on 
Mount  D> fiance,  in  the  rear,  elevated  720  feet  above  the  lake, 
which  overlooked  and  completely  commanded  this  fortification, 
ndiich  was  before  considered  almost  impregnablj;  it  then  re- 
mained in  the  hands  of  tlie  British  until  the  close  of  the  war 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  sufl'ered  to  go  to  decay,  andnoTrj 
presents  one  of  the  most  interesting  ruins  of  the  kind  in  thijf 
country,  and  is  annually  visited  by  a  great  number  of  travelerr 
Near  by,  delightfully  situated  on  the  lake  shore,  is  a  well-kcj' 
hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors.     Here  steamboats,  dui- 


WniTKUALL    TO    ROUSk's    Point 


209 


ing  the  season  of  navigation,  daily  land  an.l  receive  passengers 
on  their  route  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point 
The  following  account  of  the  hkk  :.vr  or  th.  Bhitish  at 
rco.v.KKoa.    ,.  1759,  is  taken  from  the  '^^fen^oirs  ofZ 
^i"i-nmn  Lady,"  y^ritton  by  Mrs.  Grant: 

l^llllors/on'tl^^^^^^^  Abercrombie,  crossed 

They  proceeded  in  four  colum  fj  to  tS'"^  without  opposition, 
aspectacle  unprocedeTt: U™  New  Z  H'^ir/  ""''^l'^-'"^ 

coufus-on      T»,o  „  1         ^        ,      *^^''^'^'  •'^"'l  occas bned  much 

«M»fopinionXtitiSl,„  t    ?'';''°':  "■'"'  '"  "-"Konnoiter 

'■•1  Oo  r„  (Lhlra  XhK   "P"i™oo  nn.l  mUitary  kill, 
,  nm.  „  "°  741"  ™S  ?'  "■?  «■'"_  »"»<".  and  of  tho  %ur. 

*  than ':Si,'"rv"e i^zs^i^^^^Tv^h-^P^ 

*.a„.  a.chargo  ofoanni  rLal't-^/irriUStoa 


210 


WH  TRPIALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


which  it  was  impossible  for  them  to  raak«  the  least  iinpression. 
('•en.  Abarcrorabie  saw  the  fruitless  waste  of  bloo<l  that  was 
every  liuur  increasing,  and  orderti  a  retreat,  whicli  was  vory 
precipitate;  so  much  so.  that  they  crossed  the  lake,  ami  re- 
;.r  lined  their  camp  on  the  other  side,  the  same  night.  Two 
thousand  men  were  killed,  wcanded,  or  taken  in  thistlis  istroug 
engagement;  which  was,  however,  quickly  succeedcl  by  tlie 
dear-bought  conquest  of  Quebec,  where  fell  both  the  riv.il  com- 
manders, Woi-FK  and  Montc.\lm." 

Mount  Defiance,  about  ono  mile  southwest  of  Fort  Ticon- 
dei'oga,  on  the  south  side  of  the  outlet  to  Lake  George,  is  a  bold 
promontory,  elevated  about  800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake 
While  the  asceiit  from  the  water  or  eastern  face  is  quite  steep 
and  difficult,  the  approach  from  the  west  is  easy.  It  was  from 
this  quarter  that  Gen.  Burgoyne,  in  1777,  ascended  this  moun- 
tain and  planted  several  pieces  of  artillery— obliging  the  Amer- 
icans to  evacuate  the  fort,  waich  was  before  considered  almost 
impregn.able.  The  top  of  this  eminence  gives  a  grand  view  of 
Lake  Champlain  and  the  surrounding  country,  and  is  well 
worthy  of  a  visit,  which  can  easily  be  accomplished  on  foot. 

The  village  of  Ticonderoga,  two  miles  west  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Lake  George,  whei'e  is  a  thriv- 
ing settlement,  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain  scenerj'. 
One  or  two  miles  farther  west,  on  the  road  to  Lake  George,  is 
situated  another  village,  called  Upper  Tironderoga,  or  Jllex- 
anthill.  Here  is  a  most  beautiful  fall  of  water,  atfordinsr  im- 
mense  hydraulic  power,  a  small  part  of  which  is  only  used  for 
propelling  machinery.  The  steamboat  landing,  at  the  foot  of 
Lake  George,  is  about  one  mile  west  of  the  latter  place,  the 
whole  distance  to  Lake  Champlain  being  four  miles.  The  dis- 
tance to  Caldwell,  at  the  head  of  Lake  George,  is  36  miles. 

LAnABKK's  PoixT,  Vt.,  ouB  mile  from  the  landing  at  Fort 
Ticonderoga,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  lake,  is  a  regular  steam- 
boat landing.  Here  the  lake  expands  from  one  to  two  miles  in 
width. 

Chimney  Point,  nine  miles  north  of  Ticonderoga,  is  alsa 
another  landing  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  although  not  now 
frequented  by  the  steamers. 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT.  211 

English,  in  1759,  tSs  se?demen    Lf  ).'"*^  ^^l  ^^"^«  «^  the 

.ains  of  the  chi^nejs  ttTttjhld't^^^^^^^^^  r- 

robably  suggested  to  the  first  jfnS  Sw,  .»,  ^"*'.' 

W(w«^y  Po//i^     Thp  s'fnn^  ,«,« J  Vi       ^®^"<^rs  the  name  of 

uhaving  live  or  sij  small  cnnnnnm™,  .  j  ■'?"'.''"''"■'*•  Md 
rtich  1ms  been  STOnoscd  to  h„"  -v  '"  '' '"  "*''• '"»'' 

«t  probably  a    flTrtaee  ZJI""  "T".  '?  ""■»  P»'"'.  "••" 
rt.t  is  called  GviKv/iS?"";,."  ""''*''''  ''^  "«  ''™»'  of 

I ,  „        f  •    ,         """"^  "'°  ""= '"'"  ■•  *e  embankments  are 
-  le  and  .nd.cate  an  immense  amonnl  of  labor  e^pendedto 
U.erth,s  point  invnlnerable  to  an  approaching  foe  Jtehe^ 
hyland  or  water;  yet  it  was  taken  bV  »nrprise  at  the  c« 
Mcement  of  the  Revolutionary  st.u-i 

pa'S''Shnty  tuefif  S  T  ?  >^"-  »" 
Frederick  iuaurenis  thr?rn?i    L        f  '^^-    ^'-e<^^ric/c,   from 

place  the   Fro2\%*"a^"?LnT^^^^^  .^*  *^- 

colonial  wars,  sent  out  theif  parties  o?  Frl??  ^t',^"rmg  the 
estroy  the  frontier  Eno-lish  seScment',  nrfr^'  ^"'^  ^''^^^^  t<^ 
.bit.uts      When  Kalm  vtited' rs%?tnT4^'T.  *^' '"■ 
wnsKlerable  settlement  around  the  for     with  It  n   *^!^*^  ^^« 
girdens.     AVithin  the  fort  was  a  nen     miY   ?  ^f -cultivated 
has  built  upon  the  brow  of  Islepn  W  J   ^  f,  ''^JT^*-     '^'''«  f«rt 
fctance  from  the  Tter  anrth^.  ^     -^     V^^^^ 
covered  way,  ovens,  e?ca?estmt.T'''°'  ^^J*'  bomb-proof 

llilapidated  state.     Wie  sCll  c  rcle  to  t\r'°\V^'"^^  ^"  '^  ^^''^ 
J«otes  the  site  of  GrenadS  Sitv       1  f^^^tl^east  of  this  de- 

Wograms  to  the  soutW   of  the  StoTtl^  ^Ti?  '"^"^^^  P'^^'^^^" 
two  strong  redoubts  P^'^'^*''  ^^^  situation  of 

i»  i?5^^'tLTr:S1btl^[if  Lr;7r^-  «-•  ^^-h-t. 

|»orth  end  of  the  hike     ASrstto"''         ^".^  """^'^'^  *«  ^^e 

lastoad  of  repairinc.  t],e  old  wo?ti  h    '"^^^^''^^e  possession,  but 

called  C>oJ  Poi,rt:^LZ^;i'^^^^^^  ^Wch  was 

l-u  more  commanding  ground  ''  This  fortwT    ^^'''  ""^  ^"'S^*'' 

k«en.  e./endc<,'S-  no*  /ei'tht-^To'^S^  Jf^rlfn*'* 

■  o* 


'  )Jl.V.'  '  i 


212 


WHITEHALL    TO    RHUSE  S    POIT'T. 


"  This  fort  was  taken  by  surpriss  by  a  party  of  Green  Moun- 
tain Boys,  under  Seth  Warner,  on  the  same  day  that  Ticondo- 
roga  surrendered  to  Ethan  Allen. 

'*  The  width  of  the  peninsula  upon  which  these  works  stood  \i\ 
one  mile,  and  is  in  no  part  much  elevated  above  the  site  of  the 
principal  fort,  but  there  is  a  consideral)le  mountain  on  thewestl 
side  of  IJulwagga  Bay,  the  nearest  summit  of  which  is  only  ]|| 
miles  from  the  fort,  and  elevated  400  feet  above  it.     The  higliesti 
is  distant  2:|  miles,  and  elevated  900  feet.     The  whole  peninsula 
is  made  up  of  dark  limestone,  covered  in  most  parts  with  only 
a  slight  depth  of  earth,  so  that  works  upon  it  can  not  be  assailed 
by  regular  advances.     The  width  between  Crown  Point  anl 
Chimney  Point  is  only  about  half  a  mile.     From  Crown  Poind 
to  Split  Rocli?  the  average  width  of  the  lake  is  about  three  an(| 
a  half  miles." 

Port  Henry,  on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  is  situated  oil 
Cedar  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  'Rulwa^ga  Bay,  which  scparatoa 
Crown  Point  from  the  mainland.  Here  are  the  works  of  th^ 
Port  Henry  Iron  Compuny,  witu  iron  ore  of  good  quality  iij 
the  vicinity. 

Westport,  50  miles  north  of  Whitehall,  is  situated  od 
Northwest  Bay,  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  conj 
tains  700  or  800  inhabitants,  and  is  a  thriving  place.  A  Lorsi 
ferry-boat  here  plies  across  the  lake,  running  to  Basin  Harbor 
Vermont. 

Basin  Harbor,  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake,  is  in  the  towd 
of  Ferrisburgh,  Vt.,  and  is  five  miles  west  from  the  city  o^ 
Vergennes,  and  is  the  landing  for  it. 

Fort  Cassiiv,  three  miles  north  of  Basin  Harbor,  and  on  thj 
north  side  of  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek,  was  formerly  a  landinj 
place  of  passengers  for  Vergennes.  It  is  eight  miles  from  thj 
city  of  Vergennes,  where  iNIacdonough's  fleet  was  fitted  out,  witl 
which  he  gained  his  victory.  Fort  Cassin  takes  its  name  froij 
Lieut.  Cassin,  of  the  navy,  ^ho,  with  a  small  breastwork  at  tlii 
place,  and  less  than  200  men,  commanded  by  himself  and  Capi 
Thornton,  of  the  artillery,  on  the  14th  of  May,  1814,  ropul& 
a  large  British  force  in  an  attempt  to  enter  the  creek  for  lij 
purposo  of  destroying  the  American  flotilla  before  it  should 
ready  for  service. 


WfllTEMALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT.  213 

Uicuo,.,  p,.eo  on  CaHe.olZlp  „1  t.^T  'I  "^ 

Uucno.  of  being  nLe^LoJbv  tho  ,  V  r"""'"^  '" 
|..ral,l„n  of  nature  Tin  T  ,•  w  """'  ^  ""^  *"■»  8''='" 
l»,„  I  .  "'° '''S'''03t exammation shows thit 

fcrivr  ": '°™  °"-*-'""^ "»-"  ^  -hat" 

fcwh  „  wl     11^7  ■•°*- tt™«S'M.hicl,  the  lake 

I        len  ingn.     The  chasm,  instead  of  being  unfathomable 

b  rtiXeti'^ :  r-  '■■"'-» "-  «- 

U  a  .ight.ho„se      TTwidlb  oTThe  rr\"?^"'  ""^^ 

wini:;:.*;~-5^  '^»""  Cha^plam,  opposite 
N  or  four  milo.  in  w-  ui         .  ^®  ^'''"^  expands  to 

hcLin..  north  and  .n.iC-  .  "°^^'  ''^^  ^^''^^  «e«° 

h  f^-«X  //.Z  r       '"^  ''''  '"'""'^*"  P^'^^^  --^"^l  ridges- 
r     <?m^/5  //,/,«;,,  bemg  one  of  tJie  highest  peaks  of  th^  L 

I3e  ;.t    1^'r,  '"'^^  ^^-^*«^J  '>'4G7  feet,  or  npwavd  of  nn« 
r    "^^'^  has  Us  most  northern  source 

K:r^::B^!^  r"  ^^^-^^  ^^^^^  ^^out  seven 
r  m.es.  ftom  Burhngton,  and  being  out  of  the  usual 


4  ,.,5 


2U 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  8    POINT. 


line  of  navigation,  they  are  resorted  to  by  gulls  and  othJ 
water-fowl  for  the  purpose  of  raising  their  young.  On  Charll 
Voix's  map  of  1744  they  are  called  Isle  de  Quatre  Vents. 

Juniper  Island  lies  about  three  miles  soutL»vest  from  Bui 
lington — is  composed   of  slate   rock,  with   precipitous  ban! 
about  thirty  feet  high,  and  covered  with  about  a  dozen  acres  ( 
good  soil.     A  light-house  Avas  erected  here  in  1826. 

Rock  Dundeu  is  a  solitary  rock  rising  out  of  thu  water,  J 
twecn  Juniper  Island  and  Pottier's  Point,  to  the  heiglit  of  uboj 
thirty  feet. 

BuRLm(|TON,  Vt.,  76  miles  from  Whitehall,  25  miles  h<i 
Plattsburgh,  and  60  miles  from  House's  Point  by  steamb 
route,  is  delightfully  situated  on  Burlington  Bay,  on  the  d 
shore  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  the  most  important  place 
the  State.  It  possesses  a  convenient  and  safe  harbor  for  steaij 
boats  and  lake  craft.  The  United  States  government  have  U 
erected  a  breakwater,  which  protects  the  shipping  from  westcil 
winds,  and  is  a  great  addition  to  the  security  of  the  liailid 
In  1850  it  contained  a  population  of  0,110  inhabitants; 
University  of  Vermont,  founded  in  1791,  occupying  four  « 
cious  edifices,  and  having  a  medical  cchool  attaclied  to  it;  t| 
Episcopal  institute,  a  court-house  and  juil,  eight  churches  ] 
different  denominations,  an  academy,  and  two  female  seniin 
ries;  three  banking-houses,  several  well  kept  hotels,  nii'l 
number  of  stores  of  diflforent  kinds,  besides  several  factoij 
and  mills,  and  almost  every  kind  of  mechanic  establiMhmonl 
About  IJ  miles  distant,  on  the  falls  of  the  Onion  llivor,  ij| 
thriving  manufacturing  place  called  Wiuousfa,  whore  are 
cated  several  largo  factories  and  mills. 

Burlington  is,  no  doubt,  destined  rapidly  to  increase  in  iven 
and  population,  from  the  fact  of  ho.'o  centering  several  imp 
tant  linos  of  railroad  travel,  extending  from  Boston  by  tj 

rniifoa.  fli^'OUSt''    Mnnfnrilior   nridi    tlirniifrli    1?i>t1ci>,il        Tlilu  roj 
*"    -      -  -    -       ^  -     ---  "  •  0--  -         --•         - 

road  and  steamboat  communication  extends  across  Ltike  ('!iii< 
plain  to  Plattsburgh  and  House's  Point,  running  north  j 
Montreal,  Canada,  and  west  to  Ocrdonslmrgh,  N.  Y. 


'  If 

216 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT. 


Its  advantages  are  now  great,  and  its  situation  most  beautii 
ful,  overlooking  tlie  lake,  with  its  bays,  islands,  and  adjaccnj 
scenery— the  passing  steamboats  and  other  vessels— and  posj 
Besses  a  beauty  of  location  probably  unsurpassed  by  any  othej 
place  in  the  Union.     In  trade  and  commerce  it  is  closely  nllie 
with  the  interests  of  the  State  of  New  York.     Steamboats  sto| 
here  daily  on  their  route  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Poiut; 
steamboat  also  plies  from  this  place  to  Port  Kent,  on  the  o|j 
posite  side  of  the  lake,  a  distance  of  ten  miles,  and  tbcuco 
Plattsburgh,  23  miles. 

The  principal  hotels  in  Burlington  are  the  American  Ilotu 
the  Exchnnge  Hotel,  and  the  Howard  House. 

Travelers  wishing  to  visit  Mansfield  Motintain,  20  railj 
northeast  of  Burlington,  or  the  CameVs  Hump,  in  the  toivj 
of  Huntington,  about  the  same  distance  in  a  southeast  dirci 
tion,  can  easily  obtain  conveyances  to  either  of  the  above 
roantic  resorts.  From  the  summit  of  both  are  obtained  bcnij 
tiful  and  sublime  views  of  the  surrounding  country  and  Lai 
Champlain,  said  to  fully  equal  the  prospect  from  tlio  Wliij 
Mountains  of  N«!W  Hampshire.  The  Vermont  Central  Itiiil™ 
route,  between  Burlington,  Montpelier,  and  Windsor,  runs  uc^ 
the  base  of  tlie  latter  mountain. 

The  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  about  120  mill 
east  of  Burlington,  are  reached  from  this  place  by  railra.id«j 
stage,  pai^siiig  over  the  Vermont  Central  Railroail  to  Wlii 
lliver  Junction,  and  from  tlienco  up  the  valley  of  the  Connocj 
cut  River  to  Wells'  River,  whore  commences  the  White  Mmm 
ain  Railroad,  extending  to  Littleton,  N.  II.  From  Littlptl 
stages  run  to  the  Notch  of  the  White  Mountains,  a  farllj 
distance  of  20  miles.  Tliis  line  of  travel  can  be  cxteuj 
through  to  Portland,  Mo.,  passing  over  a  romantic  soctimi 
country. 

Port  Kknt  is  advantageously  situated  on  the  west  slJoj 
Lake  Champlain,  12  miles  south  of  the  village  of  Plattslmr|j 
It  contains  about   40()   inhibitants,  CO  dwcUing-lmuses, 
church,  two  lavcrns.  three  stores,  and  two  warcho'^'*^'' 


WIIITEHAIX    TO    rouse's    POINT.  217 

)  Of  this  place  ia  beautiful,  commanding  one  of  the  finest 
news  on  Ohamplain,  extending  to  the  opposite  shore  of  Vermont 
It  18  contemplated  to  construct  a  railroad  from  Port  Kent  to 
the  Au  Sable  Forks,  a  distance  of  16  miles,  passing  throueh 
jtlie  villages  of  Keeseville  and  Clintonville. 

Immediately  south  of  the  landing  at  Port  Kent  lies  Tremblcu 
Pomt,  the  commencement  of  the  Clinton  range  of  mountains 

Keeseville,  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  AuSablo  River  is 
four  miles  west  of  Port  Kent.  It  contains  about  3,000  inhab- 
itonts  400  dwelling-houses,  one  Congregational,  one  Baptist, 
one  Methodist,  and  one  Roman  Catholic  church;  an  incorpo- 
rated academy,  one  banking-house,  two  taverns,  and  20  store-' 
Uu  groceries.  The  water-power  nt  .ig  place  is  very  great, 
hnd  nxlvantngoously  used  by  s  extensive  manufacturing 

btabh^hments.    There  are  t.      ..  .urlng-mills,  four  extensivf 
im.mWs,  which  make  annually  about  half  a  million  of  market 
tords,  an  iron  foundry,  one  furnr.ce,  and  a  machine-shop,  to-   • 
fether  with  most  other  kinds  of  mechapic  workshops 
At  BiRMiNOHAM.  two  milcs  bclow  Keeseville.  is  a  succession 
rfp.cturosque  falls,  in  all  about  150  feet  descent.    Immediately   ■ 
\khv  the  lower  falls  the  rivor  enters  a  deep  ravine  of  singular   • 
and  romanUc  beauty     Through  the  cha.m  thus  formed  by  the 
|»caring  of  the  waters,  or  some  convulsion  of  nature,  the  rocks 
-^  from  75  to  150  feet,  almost  perpendicular,  for  a  distance  of 
Um  two  miles,  averaging  about  60  feet  in  width,  altogether   • 
ruung  a  groat  natural  curiosity.     In  addition  to  the  above 
".ore  arc  other  ravines  in  this  vicinity  of  singular  formation     '   ' 
from  Port  Kent  to  Plattsburgh  the  course  is  along  tho  west- 
tm  shore  of  tho  lake,  passing  several  islands. 
Port  Jackson,  the  only  intermediate  landing  place,  is  neorly 
«t  of  tho  south  end  of  ra/cow  hland.  notod  for  a  severe 
ava  conflict,  on  the  llth  of  October,  1770.  between  tho  Amer- 
r--".x.a  uisucr  uenerai  Arnold,  and  tho  Lritiah  under  Capt 
rnndle.    Tho  battle  was  fought  a  littlo  north  of  Port  Jackaon 


'  '[' 


218 


WHITEHALL   TO    KOUSK  S    POINT. 


September,  1819.    On  the  morning  of  the  accident,  the  Phoenid 
left  Burlir.  ton  aliout  one  o'clock,  against  a  strong  north  wind] 
About  3  o'clock,  wliile  off  nearly  west  of  the  south  end  of  j 
Grand  Isle,  the  boat  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire,  and  all  effortj 
to  extinguish  it  were  unavailing.     There  were  at  this  timc4^ 
persons  on  board,  31  of  whom  entered  the  small  boats,  and  sucj 
. Deeded,  with  considerable  difficulty,  in  reaching  a  small  islani 
about  a  mile  to  the  windward,  called  Providence  tland.    Thd 
remaining  13  were  soon  obliged  to  commit  themselves  to  tliij 
water  upon  bits  of  plank  and  such  other  thin?;s  as  were  within 
their  reach.     The  small  boats  returned  just  after  daylight,  and 
succeeded  in  saving  six  of  those  who  had  managed  to  keep  theinj 
selves  afloat.     The  reumining  seven  were  drowned.     The  wreci 
drifted' southward  and  lodged  on  a  reef  extending  from  Colclicsj 
ter  Point.    This  is  the  only  accident  worthy  of  notice  which  ha 
occurred  during  46  years  of  steam  navigation  on  this  lake." 

Plattsburgh,  Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  on  both  side 

of  the  Saranac  River,  100  miles  north  of  Whitehall  and  25  mile 

Bouth  of  Rouse's  Point  by  steamboat  route     It  was  incorporate 

as  a  village  in  1815,  and  now  contains  about  4,000  inhabitant 

500  dwelling-houses,  a  court-house,  jail,  and  county  clerkj 

office ;  a  town-hall,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Episcopal,  one  Mcth 

odist,  and  two  Roman  Catholic  churches ;  an  incorpornted  acad 

emy,  50  stores  of  different  kinds,  and  six  public  houses,  tli 

principal  of  which  are  the  Cumberland  House  and  Fouquet| 

Hotel ;  two  banks  and  one  insurance  office.    Here  are  situat 

on  the  Saranac,  using  water-power,  two  flouring-mills,  on 

woolen  factory,  one  fulling  mill,  two  saw-mills,  two  machinj 

shops,  and  one  foundry  ;  there  are  also  two  tanneries,  one  m 

manufactory,  three  printing-offices,  together  with  almost  evci] 

other  kind  of  mechanic  workshops.     The  water-power  at  tl 

place  is  very  great,  the  Saranac  Rivev  here  having  a  Bucccssiij 

of  falls,  making  a  total  descent  of  about  40  feet.    The 

rounding  country  is  rich  in  agricultural  and  mineral  produ 

tions  ;  iron  ore  of  fine  quality  ib  procured  in  different  partsj 

tuto  county,     xnio  is  aisa  a  uiijicu  c-vaics  umiiai^  i-.---;  — 

the  government  has  erected  extensive  stone  barracks,  near  tl 

lako  shore,  and  a  permanent  breakwater  for  the  protection 

the  harbor  in  Cumberland  Bay. 


ISiVAL  engage; 


WHITEHALL   TO    ROUSk's    POINT,  219 

i  Steamers  run  daily,  during  the  season  of  navigation,  from 
Tattsburgh  to  Burlington  and  Whitehall  on  the  south,  and  to 
Albans  and  Rouse's  Point  on  the  north,  connecting  with 
ferent  railroads.  The  Plattsburgh  and  Montreal  Railroad 
[Blends  in  a  northerly  direction  to  Mooers  Junction,  and  thence 
r;os8  the  Canada  line  to  Caughnawaga  and  Montreal,  a  total 
fetance  of  62  miles. 


EAILROAD  EOUTE  FEOM  PLATTSBURGH  TO  MONTREAL 

„  ^'""'^"»-  Miles. 

Plattsburgh 0 


Total  Miles. 

0 
..  10 
..  20 
. .     26 

.     41 

.     52 

.     64 

.     62 


West  Chazy jO 

Moocr's  Junction jq 

Hemingford,  Canada o 

St.  Remi jg 

Caughnawaga jj 

La  Chine 2 

Montr  kal g 

Usual  Tune,  three  hours.  Fare,  $2  10. 
I  Plattsburgh  was  the  scene  of  an  important  engagement  be- 
Jeen  the  British  and  American  armies,  in  September,  18U 
^cli  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  British,  under  the  command 
rSir  George  Prevost,  and  the  capture  of  the  British  fleet  under 
S.  Downie,  who  was  killed  in  the  action.  The  American 
Dj  was  commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  Macomb,  and  the  fleet  by 
"  McDonough. 


SAVAL  ENGAGEMENT  AND  BATTLE  OF  PLATrSBURGH. 
'  SEPT.  H,   18;4. 

0>f.i,d  from  F,ame,->,  " Hwrcif    or  Lakr  Cuamplaim." 
U  ilT  *)"'  "'■'?''''  ^^''"ly  reached  Platt.shurgh.  (hoir  irun- 

maine-l   un.ler  command  of  Capt  Prinz     On  tho  mi;  M^^F 

fcu^«:^-«.--l-.'f  ^hat.plL  witrthe'^Jesu/ttl,?!' 
.    "  •"    i,tv;iii:iijr  PI  tne  i  iih  iho  whole  woijrhod  anchor  and 

>,,:;i;lis''  "'°  ^""*"-' ""» '»^  ■-  ^^^^^ 

"A.  tho  BrilisK  vo*«l,  roundoJ  Cumlwrlani  Ht,.d.  about 


220 


NAVAL    DATTI.K    OF    PLATTSBURGH. 


eight  o'clock  in  tlie  morning,  they  found  ^IcDonough  at  anchnrj 
a  little  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Saranac  River,  and  abreast.! 
but  out  of  gun-shot,  of  the  forts.     His  vessels  lay  in  a  lino  run- 
ning north  from  Crab  Island,  and  nearly  parallel  with  the  west] 
shore.     The  brig  Eagle,  Captain  Henley,  lay  at  the  head  of  tbd 
line,  inside  the  point  of  the  Head.     Tliis  vessel  mounted  twontj] 
guns  and  had  on  board  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.     Next  tJ 
her,  and  on  the  south,  lay  McDonough'a  flag-ship,  tlie  Saratocral 
mounting  twenty-si>:  guns,  with  two  hundred  and  twelve  mea.| 
Next  south  \?as  the  schooner  Ticonderoga,  of  seventeen  gunaf 
Lieutenant  Cassin,  with  one  hundred  and  ten  men,  and  next  id 
her,  and  at  tho  southern  extremity  of  the  line,  lay  the  sloo^ 
Preble,  Lieutenant  Charles  Budd.     This  vessel  carried  Reveij 
guns,  h,nd  was  manned  by  thirty  men.     She  lay  so  near  M 
shoal  extending  northeast  from  Crab  Island,  as  to  prevent  thj 
enemy  from  turning  that  end  of  the  line.     To  the  rear  of  thj 
line  were  ten  gun-boats,  six  of  which  mounted  one  long  twenty! 
four  pounder,  and  one  eighteen  pound  Columbiad  each;  thj 
other  four  carried  one  twelve  pounder.     The  gun-boats  had,  o^ 
an  average,  thirty-five  men  each.     Two  of  the  gun-boats  lay  i 
little  north  and  in  rear  of  the  Eagle,  to  sustain  the  head  of  tbJ 
line ;  the  others  were  placed  opposite  the  intervals  between  thl 
different  vessels,  and  about  forty  rods  to  their  rear.     Tlie  largC 
vessels  were  at  anchor,  while  the  gun-boats  were  kept  in  pcs^ 
tion  by  their  sweeps. 

"The  British  fleet  was  composed  of  the  frigate  Conjiaml 
carrying  thirty-seven  guns,*  with  over  three  hundred  mi 
commanded  by  Captain  Downie;  the  brig  Linnet,  Captna 
Prlng,  of  sixteen  guns  and  120  men;  the  sloop  Chub,  Lieutenad 
McGhee,  and  the  sloop  IHnch,  Lieutenant  Hicks,  carrying  elevd 
guns  and  about  forty-five  men  each.  To  these  vessels  we< 
added  twelve  gun-boats  of  about  forty-five  men  each.  Eight  c 
them  carried  two  guns,  and  four  one  gun  each.  Thus  the  forj 
of  the  Americans  consisted  of  mo  ship,  one  brig,  one  schoond 
one  sloop,  and  ten  gun-boats,  manned  by  eight  hundred  d 
eighty-two  men,  and  carrying  in  all  eighty-six  guns,  TJ 
IBritish  had  one  frigate,  one  brig,  two  sloops,  and  twtlve  gu 
boats,  naiined  by  over  one  thousand  mei.,  and  carrying  inl 
ninety-five  guns.  The  metal  of  the  vessels  on  both  sides  itl 
unusually  heavy.  The  Si^^atoga  mounted  eight  long  twentj 
fours,  six  forty-twos,  and  twelve  thirty-twos,  while  tlio 
fiance  had  the  gun-deck  of  a  heavy  frigate,  with  thirty  la 
twenty-fours  upon  it.     She  also  had  a  spacious  topgallant  foj 

■ni\   n  r>?>nr»  fhof  noi-no  r\n  fnrkhnr  forWftrd  thlVQ  tllO  1 


t*-«t'«      T» 


r«,^r»  ♦.Viof.  no  mo  ru\  farther  forward 


•  There  were  thirty-nine  guns  on  board  the  CDnflancc,  but  two  i>f  til 
Were  not  mouiitod.— (^coi^fi/'. 


NAVAL   BAmu   OF   PLiTTSBUROH.  221 

119  poop.  '         "'^'^^y^'^ronades  were  mounted  o« 

llore  to  opposite  the  point  0^0,, mhl'     Ytr^^f  ^*^«^  ^«ss^ls 
Inn-boats  to  come  up,  and  to  Lo?;T.  fi  *"?  •   ^^^^^'  *«  »"^^  t^o 
L  of  attack.     The  vessels  trnS^r^  ins  ructions  as  to  the 
le  American  fleet  vasZt  Wi  ^"^I'^^d  beaded  in  toward 
f^d;  the  ChubtyFnThe°r  court'/  Sn^r'  ^^  Cumberland 
We,  in  order  to  supnort  tho  r^     ^^'*u?  *°  windward  of  the 
^d  that  vessel     CaTafn  fewn^"?'75^'^  «*^°«^  directly  to- 
tnfiance  athwart  tKaratorTut  ?1'^'-T^^'^  *«  ^'-^^  *h« 
M  to  anchor  at  about  two  cables'  1^?.^  .^^^'"^'  ^«  ^'^^ 
JeFn^ch.  which  had  run  abSlSway^^^^^^^^^  *5"!  t^i 

k  t^nlant^lVrL^C^^^^^^  ---^  the  tire  of 

Wed  by  the  SaraCafnd  thl  f,"^  ^'f '  'V"'^  ^^^"S  «o«^ 
innet  poured  her  broad'side  infn  f?   "S  ^''^  schooner.*     The 
iat  ship  to  take  her  SLn  oJn%®^^^^         «^  '^''  P^^^^^d 
Vie  brought  his  vessdln  n  n  ^PP^^'J^^  *h«  Eagle.     Captain 
kand  did\ot  fire  a  Un  unt  r?  '"        ""''*  ^'"*"*  '^•^'^■ 
feugh  his  vessel  suff^-ed  severe W  I    ""If  ^'^'''^y  ^^^'^red, 
t     As  soorf,  ho^ve^or  as  the  rnnfT  \^?  ^^  "'«  A'"«^-i- 
pposition,  she  discharie  i  n  1  hnrti''  Y  ^''''  ^^^^ght 
hame  instant.     Tlio  e^ct  of  thiJ  k    "^'^^  ,^""''  ^^  "^'^rly 
\  twenty-four  pounders  loubloli  ^^^'^^.^d^'  tl^'own  from 
^terrible.     The  SaratS  tro^li  ?'!"^'^'  '"  «">ooth  water, 

,  ^  of  her  crew  were     SlorSnr*"  ^^  T^  ^''^ '  '^''«'^« 
»f.  Gamble,  who  was  k  led  S/"'",';^^  I'«i*  first  Lieutenant. 

;  Soon  after  the  commencement  nffi"^  '^'  ho,,.gnn. 
We  maneuvering  nerrho  1  "ad  of  th.^'"^'^''"?''  ^he  Chub, . 
broadside  from  the  Ea^I     wi-  i       ^'".'-''"ican  line,  received 
kted  down  between  the  ODDos7n  J    '  "'^  ''''P?^"^  *•«'*  ^h^*  s^e  • 
k  possesion  orL  tWarleVpw  '  ""'^  '?"'^'^-     ^^^e  was 
Mshipinen.  and  was^tow.    '^I fclFll"' ^"«  ^^  *  '«  Sar, 


atoga's 
The  Chub 


KN  Ills  wlns:8  ami  (TowodTi,/...'^  '^"' ''  "«*  upon  a  ffuu  alldo 
«  w^wfer.  *^*  '  "'uon.-tot»/>«/-'«  iTacu/  UUtory  and  : 


222 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    PLATTSBURQII. 


had  suffered  sp^^rely;  nearly  half  of  her  men  having  been! 
killed  or  -wounded.    About  an  hour  later  the  Finch  was  driven 
from  her  position  by  the  Ticonderoga,  and,  being  badly  injured, 
drifted  upon  the  shoal  near  Crab  Island,  where  she  grounded,  j 
After  being  fired  into  from  the  small  battery  on  the  island,  sliej 
struck,  and  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  invalids  who  manncdj 

tll6  bftttGrV,*  I 

"  After  the  loss  of  the  Finch,  the  British  gun-boats  madej 
several  efforts  to  close,  and  succeeded  in  compelling  the  sloop  j 
Preble  to  cut  her  cables  and  to  a.  chor  in  shore  of  the  line,| 
where  she  was  of  no  more  service  during  the  engagement.  The 
gun-boats,  emboldened  by  this  success,  now  directed  their  effort 
toward  the  ^Ticonderoga,  against  which  they  made  several  very! 
gallant  assaults,  bringing  the  boats,  upon  two  or  three  occii-l 
sions,  within  a  few  feet  of  the  schooner's  side.  They  were,  how-T 
ever,  as  often  beaten  back  and  the  schooner,  during  the  reJ 
mainder  of  the  day,  completely  covered  that  extremity  of  the  line! 

"  While  these  changes  were  taking  place  at  the  lower  end  ofj 
the  line,  a  change  was  also  made  at  the  other  extremity.  Thif 
Eagle,  having  lost  her  springs,  and  finding  herself  exposed  td 
the  fire  of  both  the  Linnet  and  Confiance,  dropped  down  anJ 
anchored  between  the  Saratoga  and  Ticonderoga,  and  a  little  id 
shore  of  both.  From  this  position  she  opened  afresh  on  the  ConJ 
fiance  and  *c  British  gun-boats,  with  her  larboard  guns,  Thij 
change  relieved  the  brig,  but  left  the  Saratoga  exposed  to  thj 
whole  fire  of  the  Linnet,  which  sprung  her  broadsides  in  suclii^ 
manner  as  to  rake  the  ship  on  her  bows. 

"  The  fire  from  the  Saratoga  and  Confiance  now  began  matel 

rially  to  lessen,  as  gun  after  gun  on  both  vessels  became  disi 

.  abled,  until  at  last  the  Saratoga  had  not  a  single  available  gunl 

;  and  the  Confiance  was  but  little  better  off.     It  therefore  becami 

:  necessary  that  both  vessels  should  wind,  to  continue  the  actioj 

with  any  success.    This  the  Saratoga  did  after  considerable  del 

lay,  but  the  Confiance  was  less  fortunate,  as  the  only  effect  ol 

.  her  efforts  was  to  force  the  vessel  ahead.     As  soon  as  the  Saraf 


*  Mr.  Alison  (History  of  England,  vol.  4),  referring  to  this  event,  ssyi 

-  "  The  Finch,  a  British  hrig,  grounded  out  of  shot  and  did  not  enm^\ 
and  agftln,  «'  The  Finch  struclf  on  a  reef  of  roclcs  and  could  not  gft  idI 
action."  Had  Mr.  Alison  talcen  Ihe  trouble  to  read  Capt.  Prinft's  officii 
account  of  the  engagement,  he  would  have  found  in  it  the  following  staj 
ment:  "  Lieutenant  Hicks,  of  the  Finch,  had  the  mortification  tostrilief 
a  reef  of  roclcs,  to  the  eastward  of  Crab  Island,  about  the  middle  of  lli«6" 
giiffemp.nt.  which  nrevented  his  renderinsr  tliat  assistance  to  the  squadnj 
that  might,  from  aii  officer  of  such  abllliy.Tiave  been  expected.^'    ii  i»'^ 

■  convcniont  for  the  English  historian  to  convert  a  small  sloop  of  elevi 
gnns  and  forty  men  Into  a  hrig,  and  to  ke-  p  that  large  vessel  out  of  u 
action  altogether,  but,  as  I  h:ive  before  said,  such  statements  are  unnMi 

.  eary  to  preserve  the  well  •earned  reputation  of  the  British  uavy  for  bri'<| 

•  (tr  gallantry  in  action. 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    PLATTSBURGH. 


223 


ISr^n^^'T'l?  V°'i'''^  ^  fr««^  broadside  from  her  lar 
Ibrd  guns  into  the  Confiance  whirh  ntanri  tv,I  «     *        i 

iBinutes  and  then  struck      The  shin  th/n  hi,   t.  I®  ^^"^  *"  ^^"^ 
f  ery  eighth  man  in  the  fleet.    Besides  th^  ^.rnM    ^»,'1.''v^  ^ 

ifcl^.rJlL^.":'^  !lf'l«  ^"^'"r^  ga"oy«  Som^  off.  in  a  «h.,f„.„^ 

glhough  it  had  been  Just  pllcod  ov."r  h/^i  ^'^k'  away  hung  down 
Pport  ofm  BatUe.  Our  masts  vardfRnLTM'''  ^^'"^-^/^'DonougVa 
Ije  looked  like  so  many  buS«\?f  mAh^.  *'''i^^^'■®  "^  8»»attored,  timt 


224 


NAVAL    BATTLK    OF    PLATTSBURGH. 


Linnet,  and  Lieutenant  James  McGhee  of  the  Chub.    The  Amer 
ican  officers  killed  were  Peter  Gamble,  1st  Lieutenant  of  the 
Saratoga,  John  Stansbury,  1st  Lieutenant  of  the  Ticonderoea 
Midshipman  James  M.  Baldwin,  and  Sailing  Master  Rojiersi 
Carter.     Referring  to  the  death  of  three  of  these  officers  Mr  ' 
Cooper,  in  his  History  of  the  Navy,  says  :  '  Lieutenant  Gamble  i 
was  on  his  knees,  sighting  the  bow-gun,  when  a  shot  entered 
the  port,  split  the  quoin,  drove  a  portion  of  it  against  his  breast 
and  laid  him  dead  on  the  quarter-deck  without  breakincr  hi^ 
sldn.     Fifteen  minutes  later  ono  of  the  American  shot  sfriick 
the  muzzle  of  a  twenty-four  on  the  Confiance,  dismounted  it 
sending  it  bodily  inboard  against  the  groin  of  Captain  Downiel 
killing  hira  also  without  breaking  the  skin.     Lieutenant  St.ins-I 
bury  si^ddenly  disappeared  from  (he  bulwarks  forward,  yiaM 
eupenntending  some  duty  with  the  springs  of  the  Ticonderoga  1 
Two  days  aftfer  the  action,  his  body  rose  to  the  surface  of  thel 
water,  and  it  was  found  that  it  had  been  cut  in  two  by  a  rouudl 
shot.'  I 

"  It  is  said  that  scarcely  an  individual  escaped  on  board  of  I 
either  the  Confiance  or  Saratoga  without  some  injury.    Mac-I 
donough  was  twice  knocked  down ;  once  by  the  spanker-boom  I 
which  was  cut  in  two  by  a  shot,  and  fell  upon  his  back  as  h J 
was  bending  his  body  to  sight  a  gun ;  and  again  by  the  hcacl 
of  a  gunner,  which  was  driven  against  him,  and  knocked  him 
into  the  scuppers.     Mr.  Brum,  the  sailing-master  of  the  Sara^ 
toga,  had  his  clothes  torn  off  by  a  splinter  while  winding  thd 
ship.      Mr.   Vallette,  acting  Lieutenant,  had  a  shot-box,  on 
which  he  was  standing,  knocked  from  under  his  feet,  and  iia 
too  was  once  knocked  down  by  the  head  of  a  seaman.    Veivi 
few  escaped  without  some  accident,  and  it  appears  to  have  bee'd 
agreed  on  both  sides,  to  call  no  man  wounded  who  could  keep 
out  of  the  hospital.*    Midshipman  Lee  of  the  Confiance,  wha 
was  wounded  in  the  action,  tlius  describes  the  condition  of  thaij 
vessel :  '  The  havoc  on  both  sides  is  dreadful.     I  don't  thinlj 
there  are  more  than  five  of  our  men,  out  of  three  hundred,  buli 
what  are  killod  or  wounded.    Never  was  a  shower  of  hail 
thick  as  the  shot  whistling  about  our  ears.     Were  you  to  se 
my  jacket,  waistcoat,  and  trowsers,  you  would  bo  astonisliet, 
how  I  escaped  as  I  did,  for  they  are  literally  torn  all  to  riigj 
with  shot  and  splinters ;  the  upper  part  of  my  hat  was  also  shol 
away.     There  is  one  of  our  marines  who  was  in  the  Trafalga/ 
action  with  Lord  Nelson,  who  says  it  was  a  mere  Jleabite 
comparison  with  this."t 


*  Oooper's  Naval  History. 

t  Letter  to  his  brother,  published  In  Xiles^  Register,  vol.  8.    The  resull 
Of  the  engagemout  depended,  from  the  first,  upon  the  Saratoga  and  ConI 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT.  225 

Tie  Officers,  on  both  sides,  who  fell  in  the  several  encounters 
\,hni  and  water,  on  the  memorable  occasion  above  mentioned 
Im  buried  ia  the  pubUc  cemetery  adjacent  to  the  village  of 
Ifiitteburgh;  but  their  graves  were  left,  under  the  pressing 
Bigencies  of  that  time,  without  any  permanent  monument,  or 
.ne  of  memorial.    That  community,  long  discontented  with 
,  omission  which  seemed  to  betoken  an  apathy  not  at  all  in 
^n  with  real  feelings,  at  last  determined  to  make  amends 
»r  their  neglect,  and  fulfill  all  the  rites  of  sepulture.     Accord- 
^ly,  a  little  previous  to  the  return  of  the  anniversary  of  the 
httle.  m  1843,  meetings  were  held  at  which  it  was  resolved  to 
klebrate  the  day,  by  placing  marble  monuments,  with  appro- 
bate inscriptions,  at  the  several  graves,  and  thus  render  to 
fee  brave  and  devoted  dead  the  remnining  public  honors  so 
taly  their  due,  and  so  long  left  unpaid.     This  design  was 
»med  into  eflFect  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Clinton 
taty  Mihtary  Association,  and  the  anniversary  rendered 
fceply  mteresting  by  the  placing  of  these  monuments,  with 
?propnate  ceremonies  and  religious  services,  accompanied  by 
mmemoration  addresses. 
Illie  graves  are  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram. 
m  that  of  Capt  Downie,  the  commander  of  the  British  flo- 
^a  in  the  center,  as  the  officer  of  highest  rank.    The  names 
tth  others,  so  far  as  known,  are  as  follow:  Of  our  own 
Hintrymen.  Lt.  George  W.  Runk,  of  the  U.  S.  A.;  Lt.  Peter 
Me.  U.  S.  N. ;  Lt.  John  Stansbury,  U.  S.  N. ;  Sailing  Mas- 
fcr  Rogers  Carter,  U.  S.  N. ;  Midshipman  James  M.  Baldwin, 
lb.  N.;  Pilot  Joseph  Barron,  U.  S.  N.,  and  another  pilot, 
.e  not  known.    Of  the  British  army.  Col.  Wellington,  3d 
Jt  Buffs,  Capt.  Purchess.  7Gth  Regt.,  Lieutenant  R.  Kino^- 
h',3d  Rcgt.  Buffs;  and  of  the  British  navy,  Capt.  Alex 
prson  and  throe  LieutGuants.  names  not  known 


m    I 


I       ''I 

11 


iWce.     W)i(in    Afr»nnr./^..~u    „_-i ....  -     , 


»5r 


22r^ 


WIIITKHALL    TO    ROUSK  S    POINT. 


The  beautiful  lines  of  an  Irish  poet  of  the  last  century  (Col- 
lins), can  never  be  more  appropriate  than  to  this  occasion : 

"  How  sleep  the  brave  who  sink  to  rest, 
.  By  all  their  country's  wishes  blest ! 

When  spring  with  dewy  fingers  cold, 
Eeturus  i*i  'U>ck  their  hallowed  mold. 
She  there  sliall  dress  a  sweeter  rod 
Than  fancy's  feet  have  ever  trod. 
There  homT  conies,  a  pilgrim  ^ray, 
To  blcsii  the  turf  thai  wrapa  their  clay, 
And  memory  shall  awhile  repair 
To  dwell  a  weeping  hermit  there. 

Cumberland  Head  is  a  peninsula  extending  two  or  three 
miios  into  the  lake,  opposite  the  village  of  Plattsburgh,  forming  j 
Cumberland  Bay,  into  which  empties  the  Saranac  Iliver. 

Crab,  or  HctePiTAL.  Island  lies  two  miles  south,  ud  near! 
the  track  of  the  steamers  on  their  way  to  and  from  the  landing 
at  Plattsburgh.  It  was  on  a  line  nearly  north  and  south 
between  Cumberland  Head  and  Crab  Island  that  the  British 
and  American  fleets  encountered  each  other,  on  the  11th  of 
September,  1814,  a  day  which  brought  so  much  honor  to  the] 
American  flag. 

South  Hilro  and  Nouth  Hero  are  the  names  of  two  Is-j 
lands  belonging  to  the  jurisdiction  of  Vermont.  The  former  isl 
connected  by  a  ferry,  and  on  the  east  side  with  the  main  shorej 
of  Vermont  by  a  bridge. 

Chazy  Landing,  16  miles  north  of  Plattsburgh,  is  :v  conve- 
nient steamboat  landing,  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champla'u, 

Isle  au  Motie,  opposite  the  above  landing,  is  a  fine  \tih\\\\ 
also  attached  to  Vermont.  It  is  6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wl  1l\| 
containing  much  good  land,  and  a  valuable  quarry  of  niarbl,' 

The  village  of  Rouse's  Point,  in  the  town  of  Champlain  i 
miles  north  of  Plattsburgh,  and  125  miles  from  AYhiteball,  isl 
situated  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  one  niile| 
south  of  the  Canada  line,  and  has  a  convenient  stcaniboati 
landing,    a   very    large   depot    building,    and    a   well  kept| 
hotel.    It  is  surrounded  in  part  by  a  level  and  fertile  reg; 
which  extends  west  to  the  St.  Lawrence  River.     One  mile  north 
of  the  village  is  a  fort  and  military  position  commanding  the! 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT.  227 

inaTigaWe  channel  of  the  lake.    In  1815  the  government  of  the 
United  States  commenced  the  construction  of  a  strong  fortress 
h  Rousea  l^.nt;    but  on  running  out  the  boundary  li^ 
between  the  Un.ted  States  and  Canada,  under  the  treaty  of 
Ghent  this  point  was  found  to  be  north  of  the  45th  degree  of 
Drth  latitude,  and  the  works  were  suspended 
^^.Verf  67.^.,  Boundary  Linc.-^^lhls  I'ino  was  fixed  in 
mi,  by  treaty  negotiated  by  Lord  Ashburton  and  Mr  Web- 
Irter,  on  the  old  line  formerly  supposed  to  be  the  45*'   /•  ollel 
Irflatitude.     Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  ^ist  ^a.-he 
lUmted  States  government  commenced  building  a  or^  on  a  1g  / 
IM  to  the  northward  of  House's  Point  landing,  w,-,  i.  shor '  I 
|«mpletely  command  the  passage  up  the  lake.     Br  t-    aurvov 
H  this  line  in  1818,  it  was  found  that  this  point  was  north  of 
k  4oth  parallel,  and  the  work  was  consequently  abandoned; 

■!  .T  Tl  *''^'^  *^'  ^''*  ^"^  '^^"^'^^  *«  *^«  United  States, 
M  the  work  has  recently  been  resumed.  An  opening  through 
%woods  hke  a  road,  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  and  about 
5W  rods  north  of  the  fort,  marks  the  place  of  the  Line  as  now 

tabhshed. 

At  Rouse's  Point  is  erected  a  long  and  substantial  draw- 
%,  crossing  the  foot  of  Lake  ChampJain,  for  the  accommo- 
fe  on  of  the  ra.  road  traffic  passing  from  Montreal  and  Ogdens- 
bg    to  New  Ycu-k  and  Boston.     During  the  winter  months 

^  bridge  affords  the  exclusive  thoroughfare  at  this  point 
j  '^een  Canada  and  the  Eastern  States 

ifho  railroads  which  here  terminate  are  the  Vermont  and 
p  a, «  liatlroad,  connecting  with  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
Ni  the  .A  orthern  Railroad  of  New  York,  118  miles  in  length 
«mnating at  Ogdensburgh ;  and  the  Champlain  and  St  Law'- 
^^ellaUroad,  44  miles  in  length,  terminating  opposite  Mon. 

Kff.'- .^  ^'^"'""^  ^''"^  ^^"^'^'^  P«^"*'  travelers  arc 
^je^ted  to  the  inconvenience  of  having  their  baggage  exam- 


%\i 


t;  ■ 

Kfl 

228 


WHITKIIALL    TO    ROUSES    POINT. 


The  town  of  Albukgh,  Vt.,  is  a  triangular  body  of  land  pro] 
jecting  from  Canada  into  Lake  Champlain,  by  -which  it  ia  surj 
rounded,  excepting  on  the  Canada  side.  On  the  eastern  sliorj 
lies  the  vilhige  of  .llburgh,  a  port  of  entry,  and  a  few  mile 
north  is  Albw-<^h  Springs,  where  is  a  small  settlement  aiij 
several  hotels.  This  justly  celebrated  watering-place  lies  nenf 
the  Missisquoi  Bay,  and  is  er.sily  reached  by  railroad,  beiuj 
situated  seven  miles  east  of  Rouse's  Point  and  IG  miles  we( 
of  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

IIiGHGATE  SpRixfis,  three  miles  from  Swanton  Station  ar 
17  miles  from  Rouse's  Toint,  near  the  village  of  llighgate,  Vt 
another  and  favorite  watering-place,  attracting  much  attontidj 
It  is  situated  near  Missisquoi  Bay,  aiFording  fine  fishing-grounj 
and  an  opportunity  to  enjoy  aquatic  sports  and  hunting. 

Missisquoi  Bay,  coiuiecting  with  Lake  Champlain  on  t| 
north,  is  a  large  and  romantic  sheet  of  water  lying  mostly 
Canada,  or  north  of  the  45th  dogree  of  nortli  latitude. 
bay  and  its  surrounding  shores  aiford  most  romantic  and  i 
lightful  scenery,  varied  by  high  land  and  picturesque  poinj 
Hunting,  fisliing,  or  pleasure  sailing  can  hero  bo  enjoyed 
those  fond  of  such  sports,  while  the  invigorating  climate  gij 
strength  and  elasticity  to  the  weak  and  debilitated.     During  1 
summer  and  autumn  months  a  steamer  runs  around  the  bij 
landing  at  Phillipxburgft,  Can.,   llighgate,  Vt.,  and  otij 

landings. 

Ash  Island,  four  mites  north  of  Rouse's  Point,  is  considej 
the  foot  of  Lake  Champlain.     Hero  the  Richelieu,  or  St.  Joli 
River,  as  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  is  called,  is  about  hj 
a  mile  wide.     The  land  on  joth  sides  of  tho  stream  seems  alu 
level  with  tlio  water,  and  presenta  this  low  and  flat  surface! 
many  miles. 

IsLK  Aux  Noix,  situated  in  tho  Richelieu  River,  12  nij 

IlOrlil   ui"    iJuUso'S    1  Omt,     is     ino    HTSI    DlCUUiU-UUL     iOU-:::: 

entering  Canada,     Hero  is  a  strong  fortification  comnian(| 
tho  channel  of  tho  river,  and  occupied  by  British  troops. 


h 


ROUSKS    POINT    TO  MONTH 


EAL,    ETC. 


229 


EAILROAD^ROUTE  FEO^  KOITSE'S  POIXT  TO  OGDENS. 


BUEOU,  via  NOETHERxV  EAILKOAD. 
Stations. 
House"',  Point 
Mooer's  Junction 

Chazy 

Pummifc 

<'hate,iug,iy 

Malo.nk 

Brush's  Milla 

Siockholm 

Pots  J  am  Junction 
Li«bon 

0  .DKNSBURGH q 

Usual  T.mk,  5  hours.    Fare,  $3  50 

k  t,.  west »«::;:,:  xsr;,«:r''''  "n""' 

U  F0*,cHv„  section  „:  cou„  J  p  1"  ^"cT'-  "  '™' 
|hm  Rouse's  Point.  ^         """' '" '""« 

S'.  Jo„»-s  or  Do«c,..„.,,  ,50  „,il«  f,.o,„Wl.it„I,d,.  ia 

of  tho  Iliohelicu  Uivcr, 


Miles. 
0 

12 

11 

14 

9 
11 
11 
14 
11 
10     . 


Total  Miles. 

0 
. .  12 
.  2:i 
.  37 
.  4(j 
.  57 
.  08 
.  82 
.       93 

109 

118 


l«^vantagoously  situated  on  tho  west  side 

K  of    ho  Amerxcan  lino.  22  miles  southeast  of  Monfrea 
"contams  about  2,200  inhabitants.  275  dwelli  ' 

h-^-so,  and  extensive  barra^ 

p.  ono  Romnn  fWI,Ai;„    „>.i  ___  ,,  .,     .. 


00  inhabitants,  275  dwelling-housos.  a 
Roman  Catholio.  and  ono  Moti;.,;:^:^^  ^T " 


J.  „  verns.  ten  stoves,  and  two  forwarding  house. 
^tensive  glass  factory,  ono  stono  factory   i^.  f 
«;'.anics  shops  of  different  kinds!  ''  '"'"^"* 

'""0  Cluim'ily  Cnnnl  »»*„, 


ono 
and 


e 


an,  „m«  look,  o„  ,l,i,  canal  120  f«t  I„„g,  o^  fe„t  ,i,,„; 


8! «     I     ' 


l'    i 


230 


ROUSE  S    POINT    TO    MONTREAL,    ETC. 


and  six  foet  deep ;  lift  ten  feet  each,  making  a  total  descent  of 
90  feet  in  12  miles.  This  canal  was  constructed  by  the  Pro- 
vincial p;overnment.  It  affoi'ds  navigation  for  vessels  of  100 
tons  burden  between  Lake  Champlain  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  thus  furnishing  an  uninterrupted  water  communication 
from  Now  York  to  Quebec. 

The  railroad  from  St  John's  to  Montreal,  21  miha  in  length, 
extends  over  a  level  section  of  country,  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
soon  coming  in  sight. 

The  aspect  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  truly  grand  and  interest- 1 
ing,  as  you  approach  it  on  tho  south  from  llousys  Point.  Totv-  | 
ard  the  west  is  seen  the  La  Chine  Rapid,  one  of  the  most  dm- 
gerous  on  the  river.  Opposite  Montreal  it  is  two  miles  wide,  I 
embosoming  the  beaut'fa'  Island  of  St.  Helen,  which  is  forliiiej[ 
and  garrisoned  by  British  troops. 

As  you  npproach  Montreal  by  water,  tlio  new  Victoria  Bridgj 
the  city,  shipping,  and  wharves  are  seen  to  groat  advautag-. 
The  latter — the  wharves —probably  exceed  any  tiling  of  the  km]\ 
in  America,  consisting  of  a  range  of  massive  and  solid  masonry  | 
extending  along  flie  river  for  upward  of  a  mile. 


TABLE  OF  DI! 


TABLK    OP   Dia 


The  following  beautiful  lines,  descriptive  of  one  of  tho  sou'-cps  | 
of  human  hajipiiifits,  is  from  tho  gifted  pen  of  N.  P.  Willis,] 
and  may  be  appropriately  inserted  at  this  place : 

"  'TIs  trt  IjftVO 

Attentlvo  and  boilovlnjc  fuiMiltii'n ; 

To  Ri)  abroad  ri'|oiplii«  !a  llu- Juy 

Of  bi'(»\iliful  iin-l  wcll-creatfd  tliinpn; 

To  love  tho  voicr»  of  WHlcru,  uikI  Uw  ^heen 

Of  silver  fountain?*  louplni;  to  tlio  non ; 

To  thrill  v-th  tho  rich  melody  of  birds, 

Living  tht      lifiMif  muBlc;  to  be  (find 

In  the  Riiy  sunshims  reviTcnt  In  Iho  elorm ; 

To  ppo  a  beauty  In  Iho  stirrlnsc  leaf, 

And  And  onlm  Ihoustht-*  beneuth  tho  whispering  tree; 

To»oo,  nnd  hear,  and  breiilhe  tho  evi<lene« 

Of  Qod'»  deep  wisdom  la  liio  natural  world.** 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


i!81 


TABLE  OF  DISTANCES  BETWEEN  ALBANY  AND 


.,/''''^'^«-  Mile,. 

ALHANr n 

I  liOY Q 

Saratoga  Springs. . .  3-) 

Whitehall '.'//'    4Q 

TicouJoroga 24 

BcjRMNOToiv,  Vfc.. 61 

PlatLsburgh,  N.  Y "'  05 

Honsj's  Point,  ♦'     "  |   oq 

St.  .John's,  Canada. ^^ 

MONTilEAL....  ■■  9] 


From 
Albaaj. 

0 

.        6 

.     38 

.     78 

102     . 

153     . 

178     . 

203     . 

226     . 

248     . 


MONTREAL. 

OHif  '  ;; 

From 

IHl    f 

Montreal. 

.  .      2  J8 

nlH^     f 

. .     242 

iHf  ; 

. .     210 

..     170 

|RiHPi  1, 

..     143 

MlBlil  I 

. .       95 

70 

ffijHHHy 

..       45 

nnifw^^ 

..       22 

illlWiiIii!i  1 

0 

ii^BnHfid 

TABLE    OF   DISTANCES   FROM   MONTREAL   TO    QUEBEC 

WATEK. 

MniVrUEAL 

To  V'arennes 

Wri.L,iA.M  Urwry. 

L  ike  St.  Peter .".".*.' 

St  i''ranci8 " 

TnnKE  UivKRs.  .... . ..'.'"" 

St.  Anne 


BY 


Hiciielieu  Mapids. . .     Tr 

('"?<-' Santo..    ...        \r 


(tip 

Capo  lions 

QL'KIJEU. 


0 

0 

0 

15  M:iei 

80 

45      " 

8 

53      «' 

30 

83      " 

7 

\)0      " 

20 

no     «'  , 

15 

125      •« 

16 

HO      '» 

22 

102      " 

8 

170      •♦ 

^MLnOAD    ROIJTE    VROM   MONTRJ^AL   TO   OUEBEC    Wn^TH 
I  MOLNTAINS,  .ND  PORTL.^ND^  MAIN....,  Gi^AND  il^Yrl 


Stations. 
MONTUE.VL.. 

I'Otigueuil 

St.  Ilyacintho. 
U'rinntuid 


RAILWAY. 

MPos. 
.     0 
,     2 
.  80 

QUEBEC........'.;;;;;;;;;;;;  ^^ 

>//  ill' ititfip '  " "  ,,| 

nuundury  Lino. ..;;;;;;; ^,j 

1>I|.AM)    I'OVI),  Vt 17 

Nortlnnnbcrland.  .,,;;;;;;;;';  "   yr 
Station) . .  \  1{\ 


T^tal  Mile». 

0 
o 

'.'.       82 

74 
.     171 

98 
.  126 
.     146 


South  Paris. 


4.J 


I>anviUo  Junction.  '    "   on 

IX  iii'nr    1  >.  wv  •"" 


'UIITLAND 


29 


203 
240 

2(36 
2D4 


-f' 


232 


RAILROAD  ROUTE. 


RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  TORONTO  r!a 
GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY.         ' 


I 


Btations.  Miles. 

Month  eal 0 

Blue  Bonnets 5 

I'ointe  Claire 15 

yt.  Anne's  (  Ottau-a  Riv.  r)  21 

Vautlreuil 24 

Cedars  (road  to) 29 

Coteau  Landing 37 

liivL'i  Beaudotte 44 

Laiuiaster 64 

COKNWALI- 68 

l)ii.k!nson"s  Li.nding 77 

Aultsville 84 

Williiunh-burg 1)2 

Maiilda • 99 

Edwardsburg 104 

Proscott  Junction 112 

l*HE^COTT Ill) 

Maitlaud 120 

Brockvii.le 1 26 

Mallorytuwn 187 

Laiisdowne 146 

Ciananoque 155 

Kingston  Mills 109 

KiNii^joN 173 

Collins  Bay ISO 

Enestowu 188 

Nnpaneo 199 

Sliannonvillo 218 

Bi;LLKVlL,t.E 220 

Trenton 282 

Colborno 249 

Grafton 25(5 

CoBouna 203 

Port  Hope 271 

Port  Britain 274 

Newcastle 2H0 

Bowman  ville 290 

OSHAWA 800 

Port  Whitby 804 

Port  Union 81G 

Scarboro' 820 

York 827 

roRONTO 883 


Stations.  Miles. 

Toronto q 

York g 

Sca.'boro' ]o 

Port  Union ]; 

Port  Whitby wi 

OsHAWA '^i 

Bowmanville 4.^ 

Newcastle 47 

Port  Britain r,i| 

Port  Hope (12 

CoBOURG 70 

Grafton    77 

Colbovne ^ 

Trenton 101 

Bellkvili.k 1)3 

Shannonville 15j 

Napance l;i4 

Ern(!stown I45 

Collins  Bay W\ 

KiNfiNTON li'iO 

Kingston  Mills ](;4 

<iananoque 178 

Laiisdowne ls7 

Mallorytown ]% 

Brockville llfiS 

Maitland :!1:; 

Pkkscott '1:'S) 

Prescott  Junction li'.M 

Edwardsburg 'I'l') 

Matilda 2:)4 

Williamsburg '1\\ 

Aultsville :i4;i 

Dickinson's  Landing 'JW 

Cornwall. llii' 

Lancaster 27it 

luver  Beaudette 2Mi 

Coteau  L;  nding t% 

('edars  (road  to) Ht^ 

Viiudreuil  (  Ottawa  Miv'r)  80l> 

St.  Anne's 812 

Pointe  Claire 318 

Blue  Bonnets 328 

Month  f.ai. 333 


Usual  Time,  15  houra.    Fare,  $10. 


This  interestii 

I  most  delightful 

jjliould  be  perfor 

ItToning  line  of 

jtaving  Montreal 

llours  earlier.     " 

iKeiiic  point  of  vit 

jiages  of  the  Fro 

|«icli  other  as  to 

■(iilier  bank ;  witli 

■found  the  parish 

Ineff,  and  the  irt 

lilong  on  the  now  u 

liietter  knowu  by  tl: 

Oil  leaving  Mont 

jiiii's,  in  one  of  the 

m.  Lawrence,  you 

jtslaud  of  St.  IIkl 

hi  as  you  are  b( 

V^'lity  river,  its  tl 

fc  admiring  atteni 

rtlieir  lines  of  set 

IfO  inilos  from  ci 

Lo\(;i;i:rir,,  on  i] 

K'onncctod  witli  tl 

present  termini 

''Quebec  and  Portl 

tend,  C.  E.— thus  f 

Mn  the  northeast, 

pile  on  the  southoAs 


rid 

""I*    TRIP  PROM  MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC. 

oii::^, '^^^^^'f  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^     ^o  be  fuHy  enjoyed,  however,  ^ 

4nB"J  »^«  Performed  during  daylight ;  but,  unfortunately,  the 

?;ir"%r  ''''''''''''  --''^"y  alone  performs  the  Irips, 

••■...    .■..«.  Montreal  at    seven    o'clock  p.  m..  and  Quebec   two 

70  ■'""^^  «-l^--     "  Both  banks  are  low  and  uninteresting  in  a 

^lirr .7",'  "V"";  '"'  ""''  "^*'^  *'^  ^°-^*'  whitewashed  cot- 

•■■•..    -m^.        the  French-Canadian  peasantry,  built  so  closely  to 

1  '3  ■^^'^  «f ^°^  ^«  to  suggest  the  idea  of  a  continuous  village  on 

|.T?  t;   r^  "f  '"^  ^"'  '''''■'  ^  *'-^-  S-"P-g  of  hies 

l-^«7'  '^?,  '^^  ^'•'^^^-'«^-  '""^y  knows  that  he  is  rapidly  bnrne 

I'iJ  ii  ^  7  ^^'^  °;^^  ""^^«^  ""^l  ^'"ooth  waters  of  two  n.ighty  rivers 

■••■•.  l^J  1^  knowa  by  the  inhabitants  on  its  banks  as  the  La  'ara2 

••■••  lin^''''"^j'!^""*''^  '''^''''''  '^"'^  *^«  intermediate  land- 
i    m  "  °"^  ^^  "'°  -^">'  ^^PJ-Ji'l  steamers  which  navigate  the 

••■••  ^-ma^rrr^'r '""  ^  "^  ""^'''  *''°  ^-^^^f^i  ^ortiaed 

.;^' t  "'•^-'^.  «^*"^»tei  mid-stream  opposite  the  city; 

r,:  E  '  ^'"^  ".'■'  ^'°'"°  "''"S  '^'^  "'«  '"•^J'^^tic  current  of  the 

; ; ; ; ;  :;|fci  y  y.ver,  :ts  thickly  settled  and  cultivated  shores  compe 

rif :  E;':T'  'f "'""  "'  ^'"  *""''-^^°'''  "^y  "--  aspect  presented 

' S  t  ^*:  ^rr^  «^^"--^«  on  e..h  side,  for  the  wholcfdis^^ 

07sM ''"  '"'^08  from  city  to  city. 

; ; ; ; ;  oJ;,B  Lovcanar„„  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  from  Montreal 

«;.V;8('l;,  •;"'"*  *^^:;"'"»«  "^  ^''O  ^'-.,/  Trunk  «.//«•.,;.  leadiug 
8](<^'™i  t.  h. — thus  forming  a  •-n""->.-  i;---  "'    -     -  -      - 

J™  .;""■■  ;r''""'' "'° "'"'"  '"""""""• "'  '*-  'C 

ire  on  the  southeast.  *^ 


;Jil 


28  1 


MONTREAL    TO    QUEBEC 


The  n  vpiDs  OF  St.  Mary  are  entered  immediately  below  St. 
Helen' s  Island  ;  and,  althougli  not  formidable  to  steam  vej^:^. 
they  often  retard  the  ordinary  river  craft  for  many!;!-?;  'i 

asceudiiig.  P 

LoNGUE  Point  ami  Point  aux  Trembles,  on  the  isL.ii  1  uf| 
Montreal,  are  successively  passed  on  the  left,  and  Bo^^ohlr^ 
viLLK  i.m  the  opposite  shore. 

The  Isi.AND  OF  St.  Thkrksa  lies  in  (he  St.  Lawrence, 
bhort  distance  from  the  northern  termination  of  the  island  of 
Montreal,  and  15  miles  below  the  city,  near  the  louver   noutl 
if  the  Ottawa  River, 

Yarkn's.  s  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  river,  15  7.)le3fm.| 
Montreal,  '•;  a  beautiful  place,  and  was  formerly  niucl'.  rosr;! 
to  for  rho  mimr.xl  fyiiugs  In  ts  vicinity.  The  massive  cLurchl 
with  5ts  two  ppli-f  ^  surrounded  by  a  cluster  of  neat  dwdlind 
pre".mt.s  a  fine-  uirpearanoe  from  the  river.  Other  o!  joctn  c| 
interest  are  swm  in  the  distance ;  the  hills  back  of  .Moutreij 
are  still  visible  ;  and  the  .Mountain  of  EonvUle,  rising  gramllj 
in  the  southoast,  its  summit  crowned  with  an  immcn,:'  cros^ 
seen  i.;r  many  miles,  greatly  exalts  the  character  and  txprcs 
sion  of  ific  whole  prospect. 

WuxiAM  Henry, or  Sorel,  45  miles  below  Montreal,  stani 
on  the  site  of  an  old  fort,  bitilt  in  1G65,  at  the  moulh  of  thj 
Richelieu  River.  It  is  regularly  laid  o\it  with  streets  crossiuj 
each  other  at  right  angles.  This  town  was  first  settled  in  m^ 
and  now  contains  about  .1,000  inhabitants.  It  is  no  doul.t  do^ 
tined  to  incroayo,  as  a  canal,  with  locks,  is  now  constructei  I'roij 
Chamlily  to  St.  John's,  affording  an  uninterrupted  water  cmiJ 
munication  with  Lake  Champlain.  The  fort  at  this  place  uaj 
taken  and  occupied,  in  May,  1776,  by  a  party  of  the  Aniori.M 
army,  in  their  retreat  from  Quebec  on  the  death  of  Gen.  M.mj 

gonu^ry. 

Leaving  the  mouth  of  the  Richelieu  and  proceeding  down  ;lj 
St.  Lnwronco,  Several  islands  are  passed  in  succession, 
you  enter 

Lakk  St.  Pkti;r,  50  miles  below  Montreal.     Th' 


r  ,)     tl„J 


MONTREAL    TO    (QUEBEC. 


235 


jiater,  which  is  but  an  expanaion  of  the  river,  is  about  25  miles 
jkg  ill  12  to  15  miles  wide,  while  the  average  breadth  of  the 
Jrver  juoper ,  t'rom  Montreal  to  Quebec,  is  about  two  miles,  and 
j||e  scene  which  its  waters  present  has  some  features  peculiar 
^ncugh  to  be  not;. -ed.     In  addition  to  the  more  customary  forms 
lifskamboats,  of  ships,  and  other  sea-going  vessels,  and  of  the 
Mt  u..ually  employed  in  the  navigation  of  large  rivers,  the 
liraterc  of  tlie  St.  Lawrence,  more  than  any  other  even  on  this 
Ifcrest-cove-eJ  .•  ntincut,  are  frequented  by  enormous  timber- 
nfts,  corouionly  borne  along  on  their  way  to  marlcet  by  the 
|rco  of  the  current  alone,  though  occasionally  aided  by  spread- 
fej  a  sail,  or  by  huge  oars  called  sweeps.    These  floating  islands 
ff  timber,  with  huts  here  and  there  rising  from  their  low  sur- 
|aoe,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  raft-men,  and  another  sin- 
^lar  sort  of  craft  with  long,  low  hulls,  nowhere  else  known, 
m  designed  chiefly  for  the  transport  of  timber  of  great  length, 
|ontribute  the  more  remarliable  and  picturesque  features  to  the 
fflimating  spectacle  presented  by  the  navigation  of  this  noble 
liver;  while,  from  its  high  latitude,  and  from  the  character- 
kic  phenomena  of  northern  skies,  the  ordinary,  as  well  as  the 
Le  grotesque,  features  referred  to  are  accompanied  by  con- 
Jrasts  in  the  golden  grandeur  of  the  sunsets,  and  in  the  varied 
?leiulor  of  the  nortliern  lights,  both  of  which  are  so  frequent 
iflJ  so  remarkable,  that  they  may  be  very  fairly  regarded  as 
labitual,  and  from  whicli  the  scenery  of  the  St.  Lawrence  de- 
lves a  magnificence  and  beauty  probably  uncqualed. 
Port  St.  Francis,  83  miles  below  Montreal,  is  the  next 
teamboat  landing.    Hero  the  rivor  again  contracts  to  its  usual 
ndlh. 

j  Thrke  Rivers,  about  half  way  between  Montreal  and  Que- 
^.  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
■K'lith  of  the  river  St.  Maurice;  nearly  opposite  to  which,  and 
f  smaller  volume,  outers  the  river  Bocancour.  Three  Rivers 
faa  old  town,  hanng  been  Btjtlieu  by  tiie  French  in  lUlb. 
lew  is  a  court-honso  and  jail,  a  convent,  a  Roman  Catholic 
parch,  and  three  Protestant  churches;  a  mechamcs'  institute. 


■  V' 


»A  >.. 


tf 


II. 


236 


MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC. 


an  academy,  several  public  houses,  40  stores,  lumber-jards 
ship-yard  and  foundry;   also,  other  manufacturing  establish] 
ments.     The  town  contains  about  5,000  inhabitants,  and  is 
place  of  considerable  trade  and  importance. 

This  place  has  become  a  great  lumber  mart,  caused  N 
the  opening  up  of  the  great  timber  country  in  its  rear,  on  fbl 
banks  of  the  St.  Maurice.  A  visit  to  the  wild  and  romanti] 
Falls  of  Shawanagenns,  about  25  miles  up  this  river,  will  ij 
found  interesting ;  it  may  be  easily  accomplished  in  one  day] 
the  road  leading  through  a  forest  for  most  of  the  way,  witH 
here  and  there  a  hamlet  to  vary  the  scene.  A  part  of  th] 
journey  is  usually  performed  in  a  bark  canoe  propelled  by  In] 
dians.  On  arriving  at  the  falls,  nothing  but  grandeur  anij 
solitude  strikes  the  imagination. 

St.  Anne,  25  miles  below  Three  llivers,  stands  on  the  nonJ 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  sarai 
name. 

The  Richelieu  Rapids,  45  miles  above  Quebec,  extend  somi 
eight  or  ten  miles.  The  channel  of  the  river  is  here  very  narl 
row  and  intricate,  huge  rocks  being  visible  in  many  places  durf 
ing  low  water.  In  order  to  guide  the  mariner  safely  througJ 
these  rapids,  beacon  lights  arc  stationed  at  the  more  critical 
points  of  the  passage. 

Cape  Sante,  30  miles  from  Quebec,  is  on  the  north  side  ofj 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  opposite  side  is  a  settlement  called 
St.  Trois.  The  banks  of  the  riv»r  are  here  elevate:^  some :  0  o| 
80  feet  above  the  water,  and  are  almost  perpendicular,  fion 
which  the  land  extends  away  for  many  miles,  with  an  alinosl 
level  surface. 

Cape  Rouge,  eight  miles  above  Qujbec,  is  next  passed  on  i)i\ 
left,  when  the  citadel  of  Quebec  comes  into  view,  presenting 
sight  at  once  grand  and  deeply  interesting,  from  the  historic;! 
events  with  which  it  is  associated. 

The  Chaudikre  River,  on  the  right,  is  much  visited  for  tin 
sako  of  its  beautiful  falls,  situated  a  short  distance  from  i;^ 
entrance  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 


QUEBEC. 


t 


237 


I.OLP.  ,  Cove.  t«  miles  above  Quelle,  on  the  same  side  is 
I,,  orestag  spot  to  stranger,,  for  here  the  lamented  ^Jffe 
Itt  of'"  I    :  *°""""  °™^' '"  "•'»•  -«■  ascended  ZZ 

Butte  r'  T:  "^ ''"  ^  *'-■" '» "■•' "--  »'- 

I  le  fall  of  the  brave  and  generous  Monlca/m. 

lAstho  steamer  approaches  the  wharf,  the  line  of  shippin. 

H.ng  nsna  ly  for  two  or  three  miles,  gives  life  and  intoS 

htions  of  wonder  and  doliirht      tu^     -^  ^  ^"^ca 

r  uua  ueiignt.     ihe  city,  or  Lower  Tnwn 

kas  yet  parti,  seen,  soon  opens  to  view!  hugginlthe  Z' 
IHe  rocky  promontory.  °  * 


QUEBEC, 


liKE  City  of  Qtob,:c,  a  seaport,  and  most  important  naval 
iMhtary  depot,  is  sitnaled  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  sf 
tb     "'tr'""'"'"^  "  "  J™«^  "^""^  St.  Chlrlt' 

IM  at  40,000.  of  winch  about  two  thousand  are  soldiers 
h  fortress  Quebec  may  he  justly  ranlced  in  the  first  eta 
h  can  hardly  express  the  strength  of  its  position  wither.' 
;."'  °,'  "^'""'"'>  '»™'       TI.e  citadel,  the  GibralTar  „f 
««.  .s  approached  by  a  zigzag  pathway,  with  thirt-t™ 

!T-m  "  "■•'''  "^  '"«"■■    ■"»  <>ffi«"'  barrack 

-  .hke  .mplements  are  immense.     The  military  authori 
.  ™orget,ca  ,y  at  work  putting  the  fcrtifieations  of  Quo- 

iierP  !«  "i.     n  ~^ ''  '"^'^'-^^y'  »*  »  i«t«  date,  says: 

^ereis  hardly  a  pomt  at  which  the  fortifications  Iro  not 

>«  repaired  or  in^prc  ed.     A  new   ,i  very  strong  block- 

'«  mak.^,  below  the  flag-staff,         .ry  oxtonsivf  w^^^ 


liiii 


ii       I 


>£:  ■"'Wliitj 


TF;' 


238 


QUEBEC. 


of  by  no  means  ancient  construction,  above  that  point,  h:ij 
been  condemned,  an'^  n}'".  now  rebuilding  in  a  more  formidalj 
manner,  near-wiiOiy  ;i  \i?v*  .battery  and  draw-bridgo  out! 
from  the  oil:. ^^ el  V/'a.^  iatdly  been  constructed,  communicatij 
witli  the  city  over  the  northeastern  glacis." 

"  The  city  is  built  on  the  extremity  of  a  ridge  terminatino'l 
the  angle  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two  rivers  on^ 
point   called  Cape  Diamond,  wbifh    '^  •       rises  to   the  heio 
of  about  340  feet  above  the  !  ..  iliavvrcacc.     Th^  caj.e  is  su 
mounted  by  the  citadel,  and  the  city  extends  from  it  principal 
in  a  N.E.  direction,  down  to  the  water's  edge.     The  old  to\| 
which  lies  wholly  without  the  walls,  partly  at  the  foot  of  Ca 
i}i''mond,  and  around  to  the  St.  Charles,  has  narrow  anl,] 
pjits,  £tcep  streets.    The  ascent  from  the  upper  to  the  lov 
p;r';ion  of  the  city  which  crosses  the  line  of  the  fortificatioid 
by  a  Avinding  street  and  by  a  flight  of  steps ;  the  streets  in  tj 
section,  though  narrow,  are  generally  clean,  and  well  pa{ 
or  macadamized.     The  public  buildings  and  most  of  the  hou 
are  built  of  stone.    The  line  of  the  fortifications  stretches  neal 
across  the  peninsula  in  the  west,  and  runs  along  a  ridge  betwf 
the  upper  and  lower  parts  of  V'q  city.      It  is  intersectel 
five  gates,  and  has  an  inner  'ircuit  of  about  2]  miles.    Bpv*^ 
the  ramparts  on  the  west  arc  the  extensive  suburbs  of  St.  lU 
St.  John,  and  St.  Louis.     Durham  Terrace  comma nd.s  a  picti 
esque  vie'>. ,  having  the  lower  p^rt  of  the  city  in  the  foregroui 
and  the  shores  and  waters  of  tiio  St.  Lawrence  extenling  faif 
the  distance.     The  Public  Garden,  on  Des  Carrieres  Street,  i 
tains  an  elegant  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Wolt'c  i 
Montcalm,    It  is  65  feet  hij;!i,  and  its  design  is  very  chaste  i 
beautiful.    This  spot  atLracfs  great  attention,  and  shoul:l| 
visited  by  every  stranger.     The  E  planado,  railed  off  from,  j 
situated  betwo  n  D  Autouil  Stri    t  and  tho  ramparts,  afFd 
delightful  view,     f  the  ..  arround    .i;  country  and  river  scene  j 

"  There  are  1/4  streets  in  tlie  city  and  suburbs,  the  princ^ 
of  which  are  the  following  :  St.  John  Street,  the  principal 
of  the  retail  trr  ' : .    St.   Louis  Sf.reet,  oOcr..  "9(1  by  lawy| 
ofliccs   and    private  dwellings,   ia    handsome  and  ^uU-bu 
D'Auteuil  Street,  facing  the  Ksplanade  i;    the  upper  ^:  vn,  i 
in  the  lower  town,  St.  Peter  Street.  ''.    vliich  most  of  the  b' 
insurance  companies,  and    i.tercUaats'    offices    are   situii| 
There  are  also  many  other  *       streets,  ai'd  the  appe.irancd 
the  city  has  been  much  inr        ?.(1      jigs  the  £rre.at  ii  o  of  I! 
wh"u  nearly  2,000  building       er(       stroyed,  which  iiave 
replaced  by  others  of  a  supc  ior  description.     The    *reets| 
lighted  with  gas,  and  the  city  is  well  supplied  with       er  f| 


•%   «. 


QUEBEC. 


2S0 


1  St.  Charles  River       Tim  t>    v 
jmS)  was  an  elegant  pt  of  buE'  «r«. (-destroyed  by 

a  square  now  about  being  rebuikfnn^''  ^'?^"=  '^'^'  ^^dee 
Mourt  House  and  City  HaU  are  «nll"'".-'\^°^P'''^^«J  '^y^e. 
Horns  Street,  upper  town      ti     ^r  ^'^ostantial  stone  edifiops 

kns,  -ill  acJr?.;&  Jp:S^^^  a  fine  s'S 

[B3auport,  2|  miles  from  theSi  i.  „   "^^^^^natic  Asylum 
H  ^"  a  park  of  200  acres  ^t'^S  'f*'"^^  l>"iWin^ 
htly  erected,  is  a  substanS  an  jl^n  f '',  ^^""'"'^^  M 
>mus,cal  entertainments,  etc       a^,.  n'l.^"'*^  ^^^«°«' fitted 
Mian  Institute,  the  TuZ.        "'V  Quebec  Exchano-,.    th^ 

bee  Library  As^ocfa'tio";? the^^^^^^^  Society:  tt 

k  the  most  aoted  and  interesHnI  •     rf  ^^^^^ry,  etc'.,  are 
;  i.o  Roman  Catholic  CuhSli  ^1^*'^''"^^  ?^'  Q'^'^bec. 
png,  but  with  no  great  TTrpf^n  •       '*'"S°  '^'^J  commodious 
f ;.  the  interior  i«  haSoldf  fiUeT^^^^Tr^  ''  ''^^ 
fmgs ;  the  church  will  .eu  4  o7.n    P'  '^"^  ^^^  ^^^     ^'I  fine 
Knd  a  good  orrran/  The  Pnl;       ^TT'    ^^  ^^^  ^^  fine 
ted  fice,  135  feet^  :>y  .5  feet  ^     '^'^  "^""'^'f^'^  ^'  ^  ^^ 
fseat  between  3,000  and  4000"       '  '''''"'^^^  '°  1804,  and 
K  stone  building,  erec  ed  '  f  i^^friri.  /''"/^^  ^^^'"^^^^ '« 

bt.  Andrew,  Presbyterian  rh„,;t '  •  '.^^^ndsomely  fitted 
Accommodate  abouM,200  Lrins'  T  "  ^^  '^^  ^■««*'  ««d 
iBapti^t,  one  Co:   regat  oml^fonr  P  •     '^''.''  '''*'^«'  ^^  1852, 

No  churches.  ,.  bee  ?xL  t?;<?/bT'?"'  "'V^  ^^''^  '^^^'^'n 
ks,  two  so,vings' b..ks  and  a  numho^^'V''"^  '''''""^  b'^nk 
i  llie  iiutels  are  num  .s  and  «pv  ^  ""^  insurance  agea- 
h  usually  thron-red  •  • .    ^^^'^'''^l  of  them  well-kenf 

[  -ore  are  three  nunneries  ,  f  1  •  ,  , 
kwaluable  hospital ;  the  nuns  Sr'"^'  *'''  ""^^^^  ^'^^^  is 
fee  establishments,  and  asTn^rSrl^f  T'''  ''  *'^^^  «'«k 
feare  numerous  religious  anrbenoS  ?^.^*'"''°  *«'"ales. 
Ke,  ■,  board  of  trade  amo^h..  -*'^''?*^  'nstitutions,  an 
Iftablishnaents  for  educatS  n  ''  ''''^'^'''''  ^^c.  AmonS 
(to  th3  University  of  QueJec  •  ^^I^''''-  *^"  ^^-^^  place"? 
lof  theology,  rheforic.rnrmtl*  m , tr  '"'^filP^^'  and'profes- 
Jjtin  and  Greek  clashes     °'''"^'^'^t^'^*«'  ^v'lth  five  re^^.uts  for 

Tf^  of  tine  vessels  hav<  been  i;i3  7'}  "'^"i^''^  ^^''k^.  and 
l^'l'mate.  though  on  the  wL^'.^fi",  ^^''^.^^.^t^.ship  yards. 
"'Jt  ui  summer  i»n^  n^i.j  ■  '=."'-'  ^"^^  iieaUiiy,  ig  ot. 
ImUatiun  is  of  French  extr.V^r'''"''"-.  '^^«  '"''Jori^y  of 
r,'"  inostly  spe^in  thf  w""'  ^^  *^«  ^'••^Q«h  Ian- 
^''C  religion  predominates '»  '^''"^'''  '^"'^  t^e  Homac 


1.- 1 


240 


QUKUKC. 


Steamships  and  other  sea-going  -essels  of  the  largest  biirJeil 
come  up  to  the  wharves  of  Quebec.    Its  harbor  or  basin  betwecij 
the  city  and  the  island  of  Orleans  is  of  great  extent,  having  ij 
general  about  28  fathoms  water,  the  tide  rising  from  16  to  ij 
feet  at  neaps,  an<l  from  24  to  80  feet  at  spring  tides.     The  cor 
mcrce  of  the  city  is  very  extensive,  the  lumber  trade  aloi 
•living  employment  to  a  great  number  of  ships  during  the  sea 
son  of  navigation,  from  May  to  November.     Quebec  has  a  rej 
lar  intercourse,  by  moans  of  steamers,  with  Montreal  and  porj 
higher  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Ottawa  River ;  also  witf 
Hnlifax,  Liverpool,  and  other  ports  on  both  sides  the  Atlanticj 

The  Crajul  Trunk  Railway  is  now  so  far  finished  as 
afford  speddy  comniiinication  with  St.  Thomas,  49  miles  bold 
Quebec,  with  Portland,  Me.,  Montreal,  Kingston,  Toronto,  et^ 
Its  passenger  and  freight  depots  are  situated  at  Point  Lej 
opposite  Quebec,  the  two  places  being  connected  by  steam  ferrij 
Steamers  also  run  to  different  ports  below  Quebec,  and  duriji 
warm  weather  make  trips  to  the  lower  St.  Lawrence  and  Sagu 

nay  rivers. 

The  following  description  of  the  city  of  Quebec  is  taken  frd 
Mr.  Buckingham's  late  interesting  work  on  Canad.^,  etc. : 

"  The  situation  of  Quebec  is  highly  advantageous,  in  a  coi 
raercial  as  well  as  a  military  point  of  view,  and  its  appearar 
is  very  imposing,  from  whatever  quarter  it  is  first  approacln 
Though  at  a  distance  of  four  hundred  miles  up  from  the  sea,  * 
magiuficent  river  on  which  it  is  seated  is  three  miles  in  brea 
a  ifttle  below  the  town,  and  narrows  in  to  about  a  mile 
breadth  immediately  abreast  of  the  citadel ;  having,  in  I 
these  parts,  sufficient  depth  of  water  for  the  lai'gest  sliips  in 
world— a  rise  and  fall  of  twenty  feet  in  its  tides— and  sp 
enough  in  its  capaciou?  basin,  between  Cape  Diamond  on 
one  hand,  and  the  Isle  of  Orleans  on  the  other,  to  afford  n 
and  anchorage  for  a  thousaiid  sail  of  vessels  at  a  time,  shelte 
from  all  winds,  and  perl'ocly  secure!  A  small  river,  tbe 
Charles,  has  its  junction  with  the  St.  Lawrence  a  little  to 
north  of  the  promontory  of  Cape  Diamond,  and  affords  a  fa\j 
able  spot  for  »hip-bii.i>Lng  and  repairs,  as  well  a3  an  es""  ' 
wintei'-harbor  fov  ships  lying  up  dismantled. 

"  The  citadel  of  Quebec  occupies  the  highest  point  of  Q 
Diamond,  being  elevated  350  feet  above  the  river,  and  presii 


QUEBEC. 


241 


)us,  m  a  col 


tie  point  of  ti.e  promontory  aTAltn^'^  °^  ^^''^  «^^ff«.  round 
to  the  very  borders  of  the  citSl  ff^f ''^.  "P^'^''^  f^om  tlience 
ower  and  Upper  Town  the  fort  til  'i  i-  ^^^  ^^"^'^  ^^^olS! 
the  ramparts  or  fortified  ine,  tSnHo?"^'"-  ^^'  ^^'-^t  is  below 
«above  and  within  that  bSer  Bp  t?  'T^^'^^^nding  all  that 
snburb,  separated  from  OueW  .r^''^^l'^««e,  there  fg  a  lar^'^ 

;,-y  up  through^",tp:  n^^TL^Vr^''''  ^^  *«  --^ 
n  narrower  alley's  on  hi    Xht  amM  Jt'' rn",'  ''''''''  ^^'^^^ 
rtified  line  or  barrier.     Here  hi  l^L      t'  *li^  ^'"^  ^^^^^Jies  the 
kenght  of  which,  after  p' st  L  tl  ''*'?  ^y  ^^^scott  Gate,  on 
>?  structure  of  the  N^fS'L^'uf^  '\^-'  ''''  *h«  ""P^ 
fe ,  with  its  lofty  cupola  and  fin!       IT^  ^''°°«  destroyed  ]>v 
ie  eft,  a  double  fligf t  of  "1.  „ ^^'^'^''^'^"^''^^  front;  L  1  on 
Jdmg  to  one  of  tho^lest    treetrl'''"^^^'"^  ^"^d^n  st'jS 
fArmes.     Going  across  tlituJ'h'  "'^  ^^«"'^«  *«  the  Placo 
^nchcatheclraLs.thego^^erLSni-  P^^^«V^«  ^«gl!«'»  "nl 
J^'«  right;  and  has  the  site  of  ttS?''  'IT"^  P''^^=^«^  «f  J^'^tic-! 
;  platform  overlooking    he  hatr  n'"Y-"',  '^J  ^'-  ^<^''^^-  ^'H 
lese,  and  continually  arcenclin<;  fnv  ' ,  "  J'u  ^'^^     ^^^^^^i^  hy 
;;eaches  the  ramparts  and  Afos  on  h'''*  ^'^^^  '"^  '"'^^  be/ond^. 

fes  only  by  making  the  ascend  nl"?  'T'  P^  '^^''  ^c^ause 
s  hat  they  couLrbo  gofo  er  a!  a  r''h%T'^.'"S  "'^"d  tor 
J    hties  in  the  surface^even  of  the  vIL    'v  ^''^''"«  ^''i'''  "le 
uhvit.es  in  the  form  nnd  direc  'n^.?  H     ^?''''  ^'^  *«  <^«^<^r 
e  space  occupied  by  the  o  1  r^  ,-  '^''•'^^' '  ^'l»ile  the 

«fier  curtailing  the  lines  :„  V'^.^'^'^"^  establishments,  st  U 
area,  that  there  is  not  ni-  ^'^'T^  directions,  so  cut  un 
'ppareinlengtrWlLt-.''''*/"  ""  Q-iobecwiici 
King  8treet  o^Ioronto  or'tl  e^S  f^^  '-^PP-^rance  to 
;  reels  of  Quebec  are,  theiofo  e  in  ''T  .'^  Montreal. 

*ecl,  steep,  wr«M,n,iiJ  ".^^ ,  ^^®'  ?°  general  rtoi  r.  ..arm- 

J^jith  siaewalks:"an;rn!,nHi;^I  wlih^''"'  '^^'^  ^^'^^  V^o- 
ate  dwelntrs  aro  in   „„°,'^',^^th  lamps  at  .niol^fc     t},. 


f  f 


■Pi" 


242 


QUEBEC. 


stone,  with  high,  steep  roofs,  containing  a  double  row  of  pro- 
jecting garret  windows,  very  lofty  chimneys,  and  the  roofs 
principally  covered  with  sheets  of  tin.  The  shops  are  also 
small  and  mean,  and  greatly  inferior  in  the  extent  and  variety 
of  their  contents  to  those  of  Montreal  and  Toronto ;  though  tlie 
prices  charged  are,  as  we  thought,  higher  here  than  in  either 

of  these. 

"  The  public  buildings  are  scattered  over  the  city  with  so 

much  irregularity,  that  their  position  seems  to  be  as  mueh  tlie 

effect  of  acci  lent  as  design.     Several  of  them,  howovor,  are  so 

pron\inently  pla.ced  and  advantageously  seen,  that  they  relieve, 

in  some  degree,  the  general  monotony  of  the  mass  of  ordinary 

houses,  and  nre  thus  far  ornamental  to  the  town;  while  tlie  I 

ppires  of  (he  churches,  the  dome  of  the  Parliamesit  House,  and! 

other  elevated  points  rising  from  the  general  surface,  with  their 

tinned  roofa  glittering  in  the  sun,  give  a  liveliness  and  variety 

to  the  picture  presented  by  the  city,  from  every  po.nt  of  view, 

which  no  other  place  in  Canada,  and  indeed  few  places  on  the 

globe,  present.  j 

"  The  earliest  of  the  public  buildings  erected  in  Quebec  wmI 

undoubto  lly  the  castle  of  St.  Lewis,  of  which  Champlain  l;uilj 

the  fouii'hxtion  on  the  6th  of  May,  U!24.     The  position  chosenl 

for  it  was  a  most  commanding  one,  on  the  very  edge  of  an  nl-j 

most  perpendicular  precipice  of  rock  200  feet  above  the  river,! 

yet  close  to  its  edge;  as,  between  tlie  cliff  and  thcstreiuaf 

there  is  only  just  room  enough  for  one  narrow  avenue,  callel 

Champlain  Street.     The  cai^tle  erected  here  was  regarded  ns  the 

pai  vcc  of  the  French  govi mors,  who  received  in  it  the  fealty 

and  homage  of  the  several  seigneurs  holding  their  lands  accordj 

ing  to  the  feudal  tenure  of  the  times.     Nor  is  this  practice  disj 

continued;  for,  according  to  Mr.  Hawkins,  in  his   I'lcture  of\ 

Qufhec,  the  sovereignty  of  i-higland  having  succeeded  to  thai 

of  France,  with  all  its  ancient  rights  and  privileges,  the  kiiig'J 

representative,  in  the  person  of  the  Ihiglish  governor,  receiycj 

the  same  homage  at  the  present  day  as  wns  paid  by  the  md 

nours  of  former  times ;  this  being  one  of  the  conditions  on  whicf 

the  f'J  Jdnl  tenure  is  sustained,     llis  words  are  these :  I 

•« '  Foulty  and  homage  are  rendered  at  this  day  (1H;]4)  by  ♦hi 

seigneurs  to  the  governor,  as  the  representative  of  the  ^ioveroigil 

in  the  following  form  :  llis  ExcjUoncy  being  in  full  dri's=3,  m 

poated  in  a  state-chair,  surrountltd  by  his  staff,  and  atteiidtj 

by  the  Attorney-General,  the  Seigneur  in  an  evening  dre.ss,iinl 

wearinsr  a  swcrd,  is  introduced  into  iiis  presence  l)y  the  In-H 

tor-Ocnoral  of  the  Uoval  Domain  and  Clerk  of  the  l-and  iwij 

Having  delivered  up  his  sword,  he  kneels  on  one  knw  before  tlj 

<jovernor,  and  placing   his  right  hajid  between  tho>e  of  ttf 

Governor,  ho  repeats  al>ud  the  ancient  oath  of  Mclity;  m 


QUEDEC. 


243 


ffhich  a  solemn  np<- ia,7....™^ 

pose,  which  i^si^nVl  b,  the  At'"  '^  ''^''l''  ^«P*  ^"^  ^^at  pur. 

till  l«-''i!'wh?n"UtS'uTc'  ^^^^-^l^^^'  S— -  r-iJ«J 

and  £10,000  wero  exponded  fbr  /b  «  .  """^  "ndorvrent  repair; 
istmtion  of  Sir  Jainos^Cmi^  Anil  fh'^-T  '''''^''  ^^'«  "^^l^^in' 
seat  of  govornnient  as  bcSe-  12,SViw/'  continued  to  bo  the 
ordinances  issued,  and  all  tbVn^r  "  *^'^  Pi'oclamations  and 
assemblies  by  the  gov  Inor  h^^^  ^^"'  '' '^^^  l^^ffi«lative 

he  castle  of  Quebec  ft  Vas  also  H?  "^'"-  ^^^'"^^  ^'^^^'^J  ^'•«ni 
oveesand  private  cntortaTnmen  s  of  the"??  '^  ""^^  '^^'  P"l^'i« 
famibcs;  and  was  therefore  the  Z.ff  ^'^'''''■"'''  ""^  *l'eir 
and  fashionable  societv  of  tLi^J  "'*""'''*  '■""''"*  «^'  ^^^  the  gay 
ancient  edifice  was  Srelv  .lo^  "^^^r/  ^"  1^'^^'  '>'^^^'ever,  this 
on  the  23d  of  Janu  •  "y  ?nCS\1f^^'-\'""''  "!'''''  '"•'^'^«  «u' 
mer  occupied  it  as  his  offi!!l.^  ,''''''*'''*' '^^''^n  ^^ord  Ayl- 
every  exertion  made  to  sfve  tho  r^'  ""^  ""^^^i^hstandrng 
below  zero,  and  the  firo  »!  •    '  *''«,*'i«rmometer  ben.r  at  i>2^ 

by  a  consuvn    supply  7wf;rw??^^  ?,P^^'^  '^  being  work^I 
Maced  to  ashes.     It^.as  mvo,^!-       '/^°  castle  was  V,„  ro- 
Durham,  during  his  8  Svtsf.-'       "t  ^T""  '"^^•"'1^'  '>"t  Wd 
ruined  h.aps  that  st^^cov   .^j''rai"^  ^' ^^^ 

ormer  cd:lioe  leveled,  floored  with  wi°  ,'''''''^*  '"'"■•^  o^  the 
beautiful  idatforni.  •.'  th  rfil  LT' '""'^  converted  into  a 
precipice,  n.aking  i  one  of  M.e  L  h«  v'^,  "*  *''"  ^"'-'°  «^"  «»o 
•nable-commanling  an  oxtoS  v  '^"'!.^  P-'omen.dos  im.g. 
down  as  far  a,s  M.e  iskurc?  i.  l  ""n''  V'"  ''^^-  '^'^^vronJe 
Uips  inunvliately  before  t  nn,l  )"'"*'"  ^""■^*«''  «''«J  ^ilh 
hith  Point  ie-i.  the  vH  ar.0  nH  \    ^  ?^'^*''''°  ^'^"'^  ^'"  I''"  ''iver; 

tUudioro.  ^-^'"uoiis  imo  ot  cottages  to  tl.o  Falls  of 

good  reason  to  believe  tbnt  if  «  ,  Z^*'  ^"^'""i  there  bcinir 

h%  in  1G08.     Ilero  too  r.ff    .  '?  ^"'''>  «°  '"'"""1  ng  the 

hasaof  rocknuJle  I'evd  by  .r    and  oxf  ^"v' ^'"  *"*",  ^tands^n  a 
|l*rpondicul,ir  procipieo  Jf  a»  .'..T  w»i  ^^''''^  ^"  '''*^  ^"'"'^  «f  a 
narrowest  rart  of  w£  oh  is  commuid       "''•l^''"^''  *''«  ••'■^"••'  «'e 
li^'ge  of  this  precipice   bevondH  1  ^  *'^  '^'  P'"""'     ^'""^  the 

lr'i'a-"'uio  on  which,  and  the  vTow'fri.m  i^rf  ?r  "^  H"^'*^'*'««  the 
IftTior  to  tJuit  already  dospri  u!^  .  «  li  V''*""'''".  )b  ssaroely 
pfSt.  Lewis."  ^  ^ioscnbod  on  the  bUc  of  the  old  ciwtli 


if  ! 


241 


QUEBEC. 


Plaixs  of  Abraham. — This  celebrated  battle-field  lies  -^ 
bhort  distance  southwest  of  the  citadel.  A  monument  is  here 
erected  on  the  spot  where  Gen.  Wolfe  is  said  to  have  died,  with 
this  simple  inscription :  "  Here  fell  Wolfe  victoriovs.'"  A  beau- 
tiful monument  is  also  erected,  of  recent  date,  to  the  memorios 
of  both  V\'olfe  and  Montcalm,  within  the  city  walls!,  with  thij 
inscription  :  "  Immortal  memory  of  Wolfe  and  Jlantcalin." 
"WOLFE'S  MONUMENT-QUEBEC. 

"  IIEttK  FELL  WOLFE  VICTORIOUS." 

A  broken  oolumn  !  few  and  brief 

The  words  inseribi-d  upon  U»  stone 
Tot  speaks  it  of  tiie  dyin;;  chii'f. 

Triuinpliant  talcs  alone  I 

lit  tells  unfadini;  glory  shed 

Upon  tlie  hero's  parting  hour; 
Dying  beside  the  host  ho  led, 

To  victory  and  to  power ! 

The  trumpet's  tone,  the  battle  shout, 

All  sounds  of  triuuijjh  eoine  again, 
As  shines  the  brief  inscription  out. 

Upon  t'le  storied  plain. 

The  clashing  sword,  tlu'  cannon's  roar, 

The  beating  f)f  the  wii,!  war  drum; 
And  the  last  shout,  "  They  fly !"  onco  uiore 

On  fancy's  vision  come. 

And  marching  round  the  hero's  bed, 

AVlth  baiinirs  floating  free  and  fair 
Are  seen  the  ho'*t  he  nobly  led 

For  England's  glory  there. 

But  years  Imvo  passed,  and  silence  reign* 
Where  once  was  heard  the  battle  cheer; 

Of  all  the  trophies  naught  remains — 
This,  only  this,  is  hero. 

A  broken  column !  brief,  yet  high 

The  oulitgy  its  words  e<invey ; 
Tlius  in  the  triumph  hour  to  (lie, 

Breathes  not  of  earth's  decay. 

Wolfo  full  in  the  moment  of  victory,  and  IMontcabn,  who  wa«| 
mortally  wounded  in  the  action,  expired  noon  after.  Tnel 
French,  panic-struck  by  tho  loss  of  tlio  battl?  and  the  ilea'iij 
of  their  ccntmandor-ln-chief,  surrcnderod  tho  city  before  oren 
li  sinfirl'j!  battery  hiid  been  oDcnod  usjainsfc  it.  This  iinDortantl 
event,  which  transforrtnl  tho  jwssoisioji  of  Canada  t'roiu  t!;( 
FrencU  to  the  Engliuh  nation,  occurred  ou  tho  13th  Sept.,  1751)1 


Q.DEBEO. 


245 


bd  of  rofugo  to  the  man/lovaSts  vf"''  ^'""'^  '^  ^''^''''  ^f^e 
ICnited  States  by  the  sSs  of  f f  ?       '"^  ZT  ^'■^^^"  ^om  the 

.ttack  on  Quebec  would 'btVutet?uT?nr/*'^'  ^'l^^'  '^^ 
1.11  Canada  to  join  their  cause  S  an  oTt  '-  ''''  ""V'^^  ''^^"^^ 
ltd  execution  committed  to  fwn  a^  ?  ^*'*^*^^  ^'^^  planned,  and 
U  Arnold.  The  J  rilh  /rn  "'"''n"*  S*'"'^''^l«'  Montgomery 
bdefen.se  had  boefso^t  on  tSr"^  '"H"''''^  '^  Canada^ 
Inmost  destitute  of  minLrrforce  thP.°«  r'^''''  '^'  ^••^^'"^o  ^•'^'' 
lut  all  Canada  only  aEwift' L       ^f"^.'"^"*'''"^^  through- 

Ifien.  Montgomery  X3  from  Tn?'  r^  '^'^  ^^'^^^  ^^  t^^^S^ 
y  after  a  abort  resistance  took  t  h  \?'''"^'^=""  «"  St.  Johr '1 
llontreal,  which  being  pe^fecUvlf.,?.^  '''''''''"^  on  against 
Imerican  arms  on  tlTe  12th  ot^iWn  f '^ 
Itoe  Gen.  Arnold  was  knmvn  o  S  '''  ^"^-  ^^*  ^^'^  ^anio 
Ibward  Quebec,  from  the  Ne«r  Fnl  °,"'o"''^  *°  '^^  advancing 
kennebec  Kive;  through  M^fno  wlfct  fh' 'f  V^^  ^''^^  «^  ^^« 
Ipr  was  a  most  daring^undmaidnr  Tr^^'^  ^"^?  P"''^"^  ^^  tli« 
fys  in  the  wild  forests  an<l  it     °'      ^^  ''''  P''''*'*"»«'  thirty-two 

tedible  hardships  and  p   v.   ronsTn  tin"    rl^'"«  ^''"^^  "- 
InMcrness,  Arnold  and  h  «  fn  ""^  hitherto  untrodden 

It.  LawreAn«.  W  /i.!  ''L'!!',.^""^)^?''^  reached  tho  bnnks  of  the 


<  !  1  «•  1 


II 


1  !; 


"Oil  the  1st  of  December  tbio  f,>,  ,„         .  . 

h'^r  one  under  ^one  a    AlontL^  '"  '"'/  J^'"«'^  ^^  ^  '"""h 

feo  two  the  city  was  iLvosJin^T"'^'  ^^"^  Montreal.     By 

i'm-lo  with   Hli;,t  ^n/l  S\"°:  ^-.r"    ^-'"l-'-'J'nents  of 

^■'.    A  night  attack  w,a^lonihe;^^^^^^^^  '""'^l^ 


'J  i."I>ctuosity.  but  b^  S7Tn  LV''''  ^''^''^^  ^""''"g" 
"nery  and  nJiu-ly  all  his  por  onni  «/  ff  '"''"7'  ^^*'"-  *^""*- 
rjtakmj  ni-;..,>....»„     mi.    ;"""»^i<«.  aii'i  with  most  of  hia  f.,ii,.«_ 


■;^M^y 


rtsH 


24G 


:.KEEC. 


to  reduce  Quoboc ;  as,  during  all  the  winter  following  they  con-l 
tinned  to  raceive  reinforcements,  and  to  invest  the  town ;  and 
in  the  spring  of  the  year  ensuing,  May,  1776.  they  renewed 
their  attack  on  the  citadal.  Gen.  Carleton,  the  English  com-i 
mander  of  the  garrison,  having  received  an  important  accessiun 
to  his  force  by  the  arrival  of  a  small  squadron  under  the  cornl 
mnnd  of  Sir  Charles  Douglas,  bringing  to  his  aid  provisious] 
ammunition,  and  men,  was  enabled  to  baffle  every  attempt  macU 
on  the  city,  and  ultimately  to  make  a  sally  on  the  enemy,  wher 
they  retreated,  and  abandoned  their  post. 

"  This  was  the  last  attack  made  on  Quebec  by  any  forei"n 
foe,  and  as  since  that  period  the  citadel  has  boon  gradually 
strengthened  and  improved,  under  every  successive  govornor  of 
the  province,  it  is  now  in  a  condition  to  resist  ten  times  the  fovea 
evoi-  yet  brought  against  it,  and  could  not,  so  long  as  it  conJ 
tained  supplies  of  provisions,  and  an  adequate  number  of  bravd 
and  faithful  man,  be  conquered  by  any  force  likely  to  be  brouglij 
against  it  from  this  continent." 

Genekal  MoNTGOiMERY. — A  tablet  has  been  placed  on  tin 
rock  of  Capo  Diamond,  near  the  spot  where  General  MoatgDmerj 
fell,  with  his  two  aids-do-camp,  Majora  McPherson  ani  Clioml 
man,  at  Pres-de-villo,  in  the  attack  upon  Quebec  by  tliu  Anur-I 
ican  forces,  in  the  winter  of  1775-0. 

The  tablet  is  raised  about  fifty  feet  from  the  road,  and  bcarj 
the  following  inscription : 

HERE 

MAJOR-GENERAL  MONTGOMERY  FELL, 

DECKMBER    81ST,  1775. 

"  It  has  long  been  a  matter  of  surprise  to  our  neighbors  i 
the  United  States,  wlio,  during  the  summer  months,  pour  in  i 
continual  stream  of  vi8it*^)r8  to  our  celebrated  city,  that  nooltij 
could  bo  founil  by  them  to  indicate  the  s^pot  where  Montgoracrj 
fell.  The  event  must  over  remain  memorable  in  our  coloiiia 
history  as  terminating  the  last  hostile  struggle  before  the  I'itJ 
of  Quebec. 

"  Quebec  in  muoh  in  lebted  to  tbo  late  Mr.  Ilnwkina  for  tlij 
labor  lio  has  bustowod  in  bringing  before  the  public  the  variouJ 
htfltorical  reuiiii!»o«noe.s  connootcd  with  the  city,  and  tliis  tahj 
let.  erected  by  him.  is  a  fresh  proof  of  the  inLorcvHt  ho  takes i 
perpotii.ating  tho  >*tuol lection  of  every  incident  connecttnl  wit| 
the  many  warl  k«  and  momorublo  events  illuming  tho  anna 
of  our  Amoricttii  Gibraltar."     See  ILvwitiNs*  Qukbh-c. 


VICINITY    OF    QUEBEC. 


i  r 


247 


in 


yiCmUY  OF  QUEBEC, 
mthin  a  fe^  hoars'  ride   oro  u..,^  "'°  ^"'""7. 

^-  St.  u„«ee  „„d  c  ~t'e: '  :":r""',"V'-° 

ijceiuc  grandeur  ^^^""  unnvalocj  La 

EXCURSIOIV    TO    PAur.    « 

l«.d  cross  the  Plains  of  Abraham  ,„  .1      ■  ,  °"'"  °"'«' 

fife  fcU.     A  a,ile  from  the  Je  "5"'  "i  """  ^'  »h»- 

Itongod  during  the  snrin.  ami  f  "  '^^'""■"■'  "«<"■  " 

l-i  Wanchin'g  .0  ^^o^uXT/.w."  ""'= '"'''-' 
lo  Ho  place  where  he  landed  ^i,l,^  •  ^  '"""■•  "'"*™'"<' 
.ptureof  Quehee,  tat  n o"  oeer^ilVb';  a""'?"™"'  '°  "■« 
fcd  lumber-yard.  The  road  b  ,^  '""™'"  "'"I'-J'"'" 
f«gh  a  fine  grove,  t'th  avennr"!™"'/"^  '°™  '"^'"- 
^try  residences  overlooking  ri^ero"  Ii7''°"  '"°"'"' 
h  P«  along  occasional  glimp  JtTJ:,  t  ^^  °"'"''  °" 

Un  the  neighborhood  of  th^cSudS  I^""  '"°  "^^=''" 

N;:;risC:i::r:r::;e°r,::"r  r--"  "■»  -'*• 

h  left  atretthes  the  fine  cuUrtl,     ^,"°"'-    '^''"'  ""•<  '» 
h«l«l  »n  the  norlhwcs   bv  „       ,  "^  "'  "">  *■  """-les. 

. «.  w,s  J;I^"^:re7brr:.^ '"'• 

|l"'rf.  spires  scattercl  over  the  i„„„„  '""<"'"  »"'' 

i^*o.  appear, ho  Fa  Lof   h         T"°*  "*°"  ^  ■»""»"'«'• 

*aa,,a„di„fr„„tspre:d    .^'^  ,":;:frr"''''°'*°' 
P«»f  Cape  Diamond  and  Pun  TTr!.^"'' "'"'''''' ''°''' 

k.„r:redt;i;::;:;ri'i^i»- 

Nmii  roiumo  i)f  water      'ri.„„  .  ^  .    '  ^'''^  "'"ugh  but 


248 


VICINITY    OF    QUEBEC. 


The  Indian  Village,  at  the  falls,  is  inhabited  by  the  rewaiiu, 
of  the  once  powerful  tribe  of  the  Hurons. 

The  hills  or  mountains  on  the  northwest  of  Lorctte  may  be 
said  to  be  the  bounds  of  white  settlements  in  North  America, 
although,  at  no  distant  period,  the  upper  Saguenay  River  and 
Lake  St.  John  will,  no  doubt,  be  reached  in  this  direction  by 
railroad. 

FAI.LS   OF   aiOXTMOKENCI. 

In  going  to  the  Falls  of  Montmorenci,  which  should  be  \Isited 
by  every  lover  of  picturesque  natural  scenery,  you  pass  through 
the  suburbs  of  Quebec,  mostly  inhabited  by  French  Canadians, 
and  cross  the  river  St.  Charles,  near  its  mouth,  by  a  wooilon , 
toll  bridge.   '  Here  are  situated  on  the  roadside  several  pi.  :,ty 
country  residences,  on  the  route  to  Bcavport,  which  is  a  long  , 
scattered  village  about  half  way  between  Quebec  and  Montmo- 
renci, although  for  most  of  the  distance  there  are  dwellings! 
BO  contiguous  as  to  appear  like  one    continued   settlement. 
At  Beauport  there  is  a  Roman  Catholic  church  with  three  j 
spires ;  and  a  little  farther  north  may  be  seen  a  neat  monu- 
ment and  cross  near  the  road,  where  are  frequently  found  per-j 
sons  kneeling  at  thiiir  devotions. 

The  celebrated  Montmorenci  Falls,  situated  eight  mllcsl 
below  Quebec,  is  a  grand  cataract.  The  river  is  bui;  00  fcetj 
wide,  but  the  height  of  the  falls  is  240  feet.  The  elfect  onthej 
beholder,  says  Professor  SJlliman,  is  d<4ightful.  All  stiaiiffersl 
at  Quebec  proceed  to  visit  Montmorenci. 

"  The  etFoct  of  the  view  of  these  falls  on  the  beholder  is  mostj 
delightful.  The  river,  at  some  distance,  seems  suspended  inthej 
air,  in  a  .sheet  of  billowy  foam,  and,  contrasted  as  it  is,  witlil 
tbe  bl  ick  frowning  aby.s8  into  which  it  falls,  it  is  an  objwt  of  j 
the  highest  interest.  The  sheet  of  foam,  which  tir-*t  breal(ft 
over  the  ridge,  is  more  and  more  divided  as  it  plunges  and  ia 
dashed  ngaui.st  the  successive  lay  rs  of  rock,  which  it  almoss 
completely  vails  fi  oni  view ;  the  bj  ray  bcoonios  very  dolicatflj 
and  abundant  from  top  ti>  bottom,  hanging  over  and  rovolving 
around  tlie  torrent  tiii  it  bocomosi  iighior  and  more  evunesweni 
than  the  whitest  fleecy  clouds  of  summer,  thun  the  tino^t  *t-j 
tenuated  web,  than  the  lightest  gcwsaraer,  conatitu  ug  the  niosf 
airy  and  sumpUious  drapery  that  can  be  imagined.     Yet, ! 


by  the  reniaiius 


VICIMTY    OP    Qt^EDEC.  049 

fide,  but  exalts,  the  effects  nrocu/M        .r°'''"''  ""«  ^^^^  not 

"Those  who  visit  the  Ss^in  Zi^^,  *^^'  "^^^«  ^-^t'-^ract. 
fced  to  the  scene,  altl'ou^  they  u.:w!f;  '''  '^'  ^"«  ^^^^«^-« 
H  ?"?^^f '.«»^l  forms  ^veSrcoLnfn'''T  ^V^'^^'  '^"^»« 
Urd  in  height,  standing  ifnmSiatefv  n.  ^^  ^T"^''"^  ^■"«^'  «r 
faract  hke  some  huge  giSnt  of1a^ffi3  no  otty  "^'^  ''  "^ 
^he  A'atiiral  Stent  in  fi,^  ^-  ■   •.  ^^wiieiy. 

U  on  the  river      1h„      ,      ^  """"^  ""*"'  "^^S 
r  <=  'ivtr,  renaering  it  a  favorite  roxnvt  nf  fi     , 

angbug  and  romantic  scenery     Thll  \         '  ^''''^'^ 

Hy.  TIicso  mills  have  u™,r,I  If  "^""''"'f  "  ""I'-'  'n  a  race- 
|«-.  aad  are  said  o  b  ^S  JoL  ,"'  ""  '"  ■"°'"''  " 
kto  in  a  single  day      In  wi!  !  T     '°°  ""  ""'"■'  '''^0 

t  i»  -gea,edrandTf.en  ;r  ;•  tol'T  ™"*  ''™"' '"» 

'•M  npward  in  height,  ^t  Con  "?;"';"""  °'  "°  '«> 

'to  falls  that  Gen  W„]ll.    ">     °     '"' ""t*  Si-OMda  north 

k-eand  belew  P   „    Lvi .  T?"""'."""  "^  "I'p.site  shore 

N.0  the  fans,  and'he". -'eh       i:;:/;  e  sT'c'h"  T  '"■'™'' 
m  Falls  oc  ^r    i  ^*-  ^faarlea. 

Ua,ne,";„:;et;ire  o";;,:';"'!"  °" "'°  ^'-^  ■"  •"« 

;«»ch.e,  an,,  present,  a  .^n^^^^^^::;]  f  -"-  ■»■ 
wnorv,  both  in  tl,e,„,elvos  ami  II,  ""'"■ 

U    nv  ]e„vi„„  „,....,""!'  ""  "■  '""""'iate  neighbor. 

•ke  Falls  of'Ln't;:;;^!;.,""*'^; "'°  '™'-'^'  ™° 

■--.-- .cren.ai„def„rrd%':r::;;rber 


'I      ' 


(. 


250 


VICINITY   OF    QUKBKC. 


Lake  St.  Charles,  13  miles  north  of  Quebec,  is  a  favorij 
resort  of  tourists,  particularly  of  thoL'e  who  are  fond  of  auglinJ 
as  the  lake  abounds  with  fine  trout.  Parties  intending  to  rj 
main  any  length  of  time  would  do  well  to  bring  some  of  tlj 
good  things  to  be  found  in  the  larders  of  Quebec  with  them, 
it  is  not  at  all  times  that  the  supplies  in  the  vicinity  ,ire 
that  can  be  desired. 

The  Chaudiere  Falls,  on  the  river  Chaudiere,  nine  mill 

fibovo  Quebec,  situated  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  St.  Lawrent] 

are  very  beautiful,  and  much  visited.     Tliey  are  130  feot  big 

The  cataract  is  a  fierce  and  noisy  one.     The  fullowlug  iaCJ 

Bouchette's  description : 

"  The  continued  action  of  the  water  has  worn  the  rock  in 
deep  excavations,  that  give  a  globuhir  figure  to  the  rcvolvij 
bodies  of  white  foam  as  tliey  descend,  and  greatly  int  reaso ; 
beautiful  effect  of  the  full ;  the  spray  thrown  up  being  quicli 
spread  by  the  wind,  produces  in  the  sunshine  a  moss  spicnj 
variety  of  prismatic  colors.  The  dark-hued  foliage  of  the  wool 
that  on  each  side  press  close  upon  the  margin  of  the  rivor,  fori 
a  striking  contrast  with  the  snow-like  effulgence  of  the  falli| 
torrent ;  the  hurried  motion  of  the  flood,  agitated  among 
rocks  and  hollows,  as  it  forces  its  way  toward  the  8t  Lawrer 
and  the  incessant  sound  occasioned  by  the  cataract  itself,  foj 
a  combination  that  strikes  forcibly  upon  the  senses,  and  amj 
gratifies  the  curiosity  of  the  adm.ring  spectator." 

On  visiting  the  above  falls,  the  tourist  crosses  the  riverl 

Point  Levi,  and  then  obtains  a  conveyance  for  the  excui'sij 

passing  up  the  St.  Lawrence  for  a  few  miles. 


BABLE  OP  DIS' 


DISTANCES  FEOM  QUEBEC  TO  KAKOUNA,  CIIICOUTIMI,  EJ 

Miles.] 

QUEBEC  to  Ghosse-Tsle iij 

"  Sr.  Thomas W-i{ 

•«  River  Ouello 82-7| 

*»  Murray  Bay 12-8 

•  K  amour  ASKA 6-l)J 

••  Riviere  du  Loup 20-ll| 

*«  Kakouna 10- 

**  Tadiiusac Ml 

••  Ha-Ha  Bay 54-lt 

«       CIIICOUTIMI io-i:a 


TABLE    OF    DISTANCES. 
ITABLE  OF  BISTAN^CES  BETWEEN  QUEBE' 


PlBi-en. 


Mile 


|[ake  St,  Peter 

^ILLIVAt    TIr:iVKY. 

llONT.IEAL.. 


IFEBEC 0 

lichelieu  Itapkls 45 

jftiREi;  KivKHs 35 

.30 

.15 

.45 

iCHKVTo,7«aCanal.   9 

leauli.'irnoi.s jg 

peado  Rapids 1 

fflit  Rock  "      3 

dar  "  9 

TEAu  mj  Lac 5 

linca,ster jq 

•Regi.s 13 

|(X.  r.  State  Line.) 

k.VWALI, 3 

[(Long  Saut  Rapid.) 
|ckinson's  Landing.  10 
FOTen's  Point 4 

PILUAMSBURG 11 

pid  Plat. ...  i> 

f*rii,DA 5 

put  Iroquois 2 

[illopn.'ipids 6 

fiiscoTT  or 

fcBKNSUURGH 6 

Isitland 7 

HOCKVIT.T.K 5 

[(Thousand  Islands.) 

■naiKque 30 

P-VOSTON...., , .     22 
IDisTvNOK   from  Qukbhc   to 
/cnt  Ml  the  St.  Lawreno 
r  fret. 


F.om 

0 

45 
80 
110 
125 
170 
179 

197 

198 

201 

203 

208 

224 

237 

240 


251 


i,m 


PlarcK. 


Mil 


250 

254 

205 

207 

272 

274 

280 

286 
293 
298 

328 


KINGSTON 0 

Gananoque 2'' 

(Thousand  Islands.) 

B/tOCKVI],I.K jjo 

Maitland 5 

Pri:*^cott,  or 

Ogden«buiigh 7 

Gallop  R.apids q 

Point  Iroquois 6 

Mattlda..  o 

<w 

Rapid  Plat 5 

»» ILLIAM.SBURG.  ...    2 

barren's  Point U 

Dickinson's  Landing.  4 
(Long  Saut  Rapid.) 

Cornwall jq 

St.  Regis 3 

(N.  Y.  State  Line.) 

Lancaster 13 

CoTEAir  nuLAC...16 

Cedar  Rapids 5 

Split  Rock  "  o 

Cascade      "...        3 

Beauharnoia j 

La  Chine 13 

MONTREAL  . . .  .\\  9 
William  Henry.. 45 

Lake  St.  Peter 10 

Three  Rivers 35 

Richelieu  Rapids. .  .35 

QUEBEC ^5 

Niagara  P 


F'roiri   • 
Kings  loii. 

0 
22 


62 
67 

64 
70 
76 
78 
83 
85 
96 
100 

110 
118 

126 

142 

147 

149 

162 

163 

171 

180 

225 

235 

270 

805 

350 


f 
III 


ALLS,  570  miles. 


™Kiver.fr„mKtag,ro"n;rQuobS: 


ffilP  ROM 


As  a  trip  dowi 

louna,  and  the  fj 

Pf  years,  bcconi 

pamboat  excurs 

f  the  author  sod 

the  steamboj 

:«am,  passing  a 

fended,  running  < 

pe  city  and  citj 

The  beautiful  lij 

fieofthe  river,  ne: 

iig  bounded  by 

•■  the  waters  ol 

I  lie  romantic  I 

pebec,  are  seen  t 

^^r,  plunging  o 

'directly  into  th 

of  the  St.  La 

'^glish  and  Fr 

Jpture  of  Quebec  b; 

!fe repulsed  withe 
[Die  Island  of  Or 

Jthe  river  through 
J»«t,  20  miles  long  li 
(butiful  growth  ol 

I^Tater,  and  the 
^"led,  the  aspect  ol 

mW;  nf   *1,_    Tr-  ■■ 
■   "•     ^«-    XiUUSO 

ilationofaboutr, 
'Canada,  axcept: 


r  ™»  QWBEC  TO  THE  SAGUEMY  ItlVEB. 

leamboat  excursion  wp«ni.?  •  ^^^^«^'°Sly  interesting 

f»e  city  and  citadel  of  Queb^  "'  *'"'"«  "  «"«  ''™ 

fc.S'.tLtatlT':-''''"''  *"  «»^'  »  •>"»  -e 

IThe  romantic  i^'a//^  nf    \r^  . 

h  are  .3.  totft  at  r;r;rr  r'T  r- 

Ner.plunginffoverannim...  ®  '^^''^  of  the    .. 

*  of  the  St.  LawrLe    ™;  Jr"''*'^'^  "*"■  ™  'he    ^ 
,' Vi»li  and  French  amto  11   !  T''"  "'""'"'»"«=»»    , 

Repulsed  with  loXZtiZ    "'•  "  ''"*  '"»  •="«*   ■ 

f ',20  „ne»  long  by  ;f  rf:' t'  "r^"-  "'"''  "  «'• 
f»«iful  growth  of  for^;  "f  ""';■"' '"  P»"  o=.cred  wia 
l;..or.  and  the  ^  o    t""'" '"  "" '°^' "•'™ 

fction  of":b::™:„"ri;ar  ^  '"^'■"'■"'^- '"  '^--« 

k  Canada,  W4  t  at  ra^  LTl""  ■"°  '^"'  "'"'  '" 
*■     S  mat  raied  in  the  vicinity  of  Montreal. 


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Photographic 

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23  WeST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTER.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  S73-4503 


254         QUEBEC    TO    THE    8AGUENAY    RIVER,    ETC. 


St.  Patrick's  Hole,  eleven  miles  below  Quebec,  on  th 
Orleans  shore,  affords  a  fine  anchoi  age  for  vessels  of  tho  large 
size.  It  was  here,  soma  CO  years  ago,  that  the  immen.'^e  timbd 
Bhip  was  built,  supposed  to  be  the  largest  vessel,  by  far,  tlij 
ever  crossed  the  Atlantic. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Laurent,  14  miles  below  Quebec,  is  lianil 
somuly  situated  en  the  southeast  side  of  the  ialanil,  whit  li  i,«  ?d 
tied  exclusively  by  French  Canadians,  mostly  enjj;nged  in  tiilj 
vating  the  soil.     The  dwellings  have  a  remark;ibly  n?at  1) 
being  one  story  high,  with  both  roof  and  sides  painted  white. 

Tlie  southeast  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for  many  uiil.H  1 
low  Point  Levi,  presents  a  succession  of  villages  and  liamloj 
.consisting  each  of  a  cluster  of  houses  with  a  church  stun  linjj 
tho  midst,  and  with  its  aspect  of  guardianship  and  guidam'J 
tho  families  dwelling  around,  imparting  to  tho  Ian  iHcnpcj 
moral  expression,  which  greatly  enhances  its  picture»f| 
beauty. 

The  vessels  usually  seen  on  this  part  of  the  St.  Lawrence  i 
of  the  larger  class  of  merchant  auips.  Tho  arrivals  at  tlie  \i 
of  Quebec  average  somo  1,400  to  1,500  anmiully,  mostly  M 
(jroi;  Britain,  and  besides  other  colonial  produce,  tl.cy  c;i| 
back  immense  quantities  of  timber  and  lumber. 

Maiiam  Island,  20  miles  from  Quebec,  is  one  of  sevj 
small  islands  lying  below  Orleans.     Tho  river  here  wi  Ions  to  | 
niilci,  which  gradually  increases  all  the  way  to  its  numtli; 
for  most  of  tho  distaaco  there  are  two  ship  channels,  ciillel 
north  and  south  ckannds,  tho  latter  being  tho  best  puJ  if 
navigated. 

Cape  Touiiment,  80  miles  below  Quebec,  is  ft  Iwld  prom 
tory  (in  the  northwest  side  of  tho  river  rising  to  (ho  lieighj 
about  2,000  foot,  and  seen  at  a  great  distance.    Hero  tlio  i 
cry  is  truly  grand. 

\.<;ir>;^si;:  XiiL,AKi!,  opposuo  L:tpe  iouTlnvrit,  ;=  -.u--  f-- 
ttation  for  vessels  ascending  tho  river,  and  it  has  a  hwpit^ 
Roman  Catholic  chnpol,  and  other  buildiigs  usually  cunnej 
with  such  au  establishment. 


QUEBEC  TO  TUB  8AQUKNAY  lUVBR,  ETC.    255 

h  Thomas  40  miles  from  Quebec,  on  the  southeast  shore. 
Iri^uated  at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  called  South  River  The 
Ve  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  lined  with  a  succession  of  dwelling 
tmany  „„  es  below,  with  high  grounds  rising  in  the  distance^ 
bnd  wluch  may  occasionally  be  seen  the  hills  formerly 
Nca  by  the  American.,  as  the  boundary  between  the  State 
I  .a,no  and  Canada.     Ilore  terminates  the    Grand  Trunk 

\t7r  *^ Jf"'°'^'^"^'  ^'''  ^'»  l'"  o-'^tended  soon  some  100 
Ees  farther,  to  Trois  Pistohs. 

ICka.e  Is.A.n,  Ao  mile,  below  Quebec,  is  fertile  and  settled 
Z!ur         "  '^  ""''^  ""'  ''""^'''^"^  ''^'^^''^'^  °f  the 

iGoosK  I.LAxn,  50  n.ile.s  from  Quebec,  is  owned  by  the  Nuns 
li  18  cultivated  as  a  farm,  by  tenants  ' 

Irhe  P..r  .ns,  GO  miles  below  Quebec,  is  the  name  given  to 
[era  s.na'I  rocky  .lets,  on  one  of  which  stands  a  light-house 
bo  the  scenery :«  peculiarly  grand  „,ul  interesting.  The  vast 
jary  of  the  river  below  looks  indeed  like  an  opening  to  the 
«m.  The  shores  for  some  ten  miles  onward  arc  studded  with 
«mg  residences,  while  the  hills  in  the  distance,  on  both  sides 

lji«ty.nve  miles  below  Quebec  is  the  remarkable  channel 

*t  through  th.s  narrow  and  dangerous  passage 
Ibu  Aux  CWnn..  (Wo  of  Filberts)  is  a  large  body  of  land 
fcg  oward  the  north  shore,  opposite  the  Day  of  St    Paul' 

alxmt  (,..  mile,  from  Quebec.     It  is  nai,!  that  when  Jacques' 
^r  anchored  here,  on  his  first  voyage  of  discovery  l^Z 
Lawrence,  ho  gave  this  island  the  name  it  yet  bears  from 
quantity  of  filbert,,,  or  ha.el  nuts,  which  he'found  ;;:;re 
IT.  Ann K  stands  on  fhn  H<iii»i.-.,.„. -t.-_-  .       .         _  .       " 

Here  ,8  a  Catholic  college  and  a  sottlomont  of  consider. 
Nuo.  about  <0  roilPfi  from  Quebec, 
r'  you   approach  Ooose  Capo.  75  miles  below  Quebec,  th. 
^iH  of  the  river  8.H,n.  to  declioP  in  the  di.taaco;  the  river 


i   \\\ 


2^0  QUEBEC    TO    THE    SAQUENAY    KIVEH,    ETC. 


now  being  freo  of  islands,  presents  a  largo  expanse  of  waterj 
here  being  about  18  miles  wide. 

Murray  Bay,  80  miles  below  Quebec,  lies  on  the  norlhwflsl 
side  of  tho  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  tiio  samj 
name.  This  is  a  fine  section  of  country,  producing  wheat  anj 
other  kinds  of  grain  in  abundance.  Beyond  tliis  place  is  seeu 
beautiful  range  of  hills,  terminating  at  Cape  Eagle  and  Cip^ 
Salmon  on  tho  east.  This  delightful  place  has  become,  witliiu  i 
few  years,  a  fashionable  summer  resort  for  tho  Canadiaiu. 

Kamourask  A,  situated  90  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  sou;h| 
east  side  of  the  river,  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants,  and  i| 
surrounded  by  a  fruitful  district.  Vessels  can  land  here  onlj 
at  high  watier ;  at  low  water,  passengers  are  taken  asliore  il 
small  boats.  In  the  rear  of  this  village  are  soon  abrupt  an| 
sterile  hills  with  little  or  no  verdure.  In  front  are  two  or  thrt 
small  islands,  chiefly  resorted  to  for  fisliing  and  batliiii;^.  tliil 
being  a  favorite  resort,  during  tho  summer  months,  for  th| 
citizens  of  Montreal  and  Quebec,  and  is  no  doubt  destlneJ 
become  a  fashionable  watering-place,  where  sea-bathing  win  1 
enjoyed  by  invalids  and  seekers  of  pleasure. 

About  105  miles  below  Quebec  are  tlie  I'i/grim  Islands, 
group  of  ropky  islets  which  are  passed  to  tlio  right.     On  tlio  lefl 
a  few  miles  below,  is  Hare  Island,  tho  middle  of  the  rivei 

Tho  settlement  at  tho  Rivieu  Loup,  110  miles  beioi 

Quebec,  on  Uio  southeast  side  of  tho  St.  Lawrence,  contuin  <  abod 
1,500  inhabitants.  Hero  comni.'nccs  tho  great  road  from  t!^ 
St.  Lawrence  River  to  the  St.  Jolin's,  by  tho  way  of  tho  Mad/^ 
waska  River  and  settlement. 

Cacona  or  Kakouna,  120  miles  bolow  Quebec  is  a  fashion 
able  sea-bathing  resort. 

Rku  Island  lies  oflf  the  mouth  of  tho  Saguenay,  this  bcinj 
the  first  island  of  tho  small  group  met  on  ascending  tho 
Lawrence.     It  is  desiituto  of  a  light,  and  hu»  caueioJ  mi»ny  sn;^ 
wrecks  during  tho  prevalence  of  fogs  and  storms,  so  frequent  ( 
(he.lower  part  of  the  river  and  (hilf  of  Ht.  Lawrence.    riRKtl 
luLAND  lies  nearly  opposite  Rod  Island,  on  the  southeast. 


ause  of  water! 


30  is  a  fiisliioa 


QUfiBKC    TO    TH£    BAGUKNAY    RIVER,    ETC.  257 

EIVEE  BU  LOUP  AND  KAKOUNA. 
From  Vie  pen  of  a  talented  Correspondent  of  Vie  Montreal  Gazette. 
"RiviERR  Du  Loup  is  a  prettily  situatad  village,  takin<.  its 
"le  from  Its  river,  which  river  has  been  made  available  fo?  the 
poses  of  an  extensive  saw-mill,  a  water-power  being  created 
Its  pi^ecpitation  over  a  ridge  of  rocks,  which  form  the  very 
.utilul  Kiviere  du  Loup  Falls.     There  are  a  few  '«  English'* 
tiers  (the  word  being  used  in  its  general  sense  as  distinluish- 
■from  "  French'^  and  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Kand 
istat.oned  here     Six  miles  from  Riviere  du  Loup  is  the  village 
.  f  ^''«^^^'     0  «dopt  the  Indian  and  more  euphonious  uamo! 
ich  IS  effectually  supplanting  the  corruptions  of  "Cacona" 
Kl    Cocona   now  in  vogue.     Kakouna  is  formed  into  a  v.llaco 
omthe  invariable  custom  of  placing  the  houses  on  the  front  of 
le farms.     It  is  prettily  situ.ted  on  a  high  ridge,  alon^  which 
.ses  the  highway.     Lehind  tiie  ridge  on  which  th^vaiage 
ids,  gently  sop,3  a  valley,  which  is  well  cultivated,  a^cenl 
[gradually  till  ,t  attains  a  considerable  elevatioi.  at  the  rear 
«m,  where  another  village  and  church  are  placed.     In 
ont  0   the  Kakouna  ridge  a  curtain  of  treos  intervenes  bL-twoen 
village  and  the  beach.     The  view  from   Kakouna  i^  verj 
e^mg      Ihe  river  stretches  out  before  it  in  a  noble  width  of 
.enty-hvo  nnlos      1  he  farther  shore  is  a  continuous  succession 
mountamH      Amid  them  opens  up  the  scarcely  visible  em- 
"cliuro  of    he  Sagu.nay.     Up  the  ri  'er  the  pilgHm  rocln  look 
".m,,nd  solitary.     Midway,  //.,•.  /,/.„,/  rises^fV.m  t t    ^r- 
ending   waters     li.low.  Kakouna  Island  projects  i„^o  the 
fw,  lonumg  a  bay.     Hunsei  at  Kakouna  sometimes  pies'nts 
encl.an;u.g  spectacle.     The  gently  rippling  waters  ghum 
slune  with  the  sparkling  luster  derived  fronrthe  rays  of     " 
fciaimg  sun.     Th«  brilliant  coloring  and  cliai  g^jful  hues  of  t  ui 
^ning  ..ky  appear  to  rest  upon  the  somber  mountains,  which 
•^ir  m:dway  with  a  zone  of  gray  mist,  contrast  strangely  with 
e  gleaming  dark  blue  river  which  laves  their  bas-      Far  a" 
loeyo  can  reach,  the  wide  expanse  glitters,  as  if  set  with  cuh  ' 
cvory  hue -its  calm  repose  unbroken,  snvo  by  the  iiumm.u«  " 
^Js  wh.d.    with  their  >*hito  sails  Uoating  on  fho  breei"    Z! 
Jt.  i  (he  industry  of  man  and  his  power  over  the  eleinrn  i  or 
Jo  sliun;s  ot  the  islets  which,  bathed  in  light,  rise  f.u  n  it    . 

ri."  ""!'"'•. t»°.  '•!«««.  the  river  wears  a  peculiar 
fiiHiiMir.  and  the  mind  w  lrro«;»n».i,r  j,...,-. ^i  .^•.,^ 


I 


iita 
I'tiiro'.s  God 


majesty,  and  led  to  a  coniemplation  from 
'".s  Uod. 
liul,  to  pass  on  from  this  digression,  a  word 


nature 


up  to 


plviint 


ion 


^'OH  .>(  Uiviere  du  Loup  an  I  Kakouna  as  wiiter.n''  p1 


easy  of  access,  with  u  telegraph  at  Uivioro  du  Lo 


or  two  as  to  the 

aces 

up  and  H 


li  M 


258 


QUKBKC    TO    THK    8AGUKNAY    RIVER,    ETC. 


daily  mail,  these  places  are  every  year  becoming;'  more  resorted 
to.     There  is  now  much  increased  accommodation  at  Kiikouna] 
whore  are  two  large  and  commodious  hotels,  and  a  good  boanlJ 
ing-houso.     These  contain  many  visitors,  but  many  families  uri 
accommodated  in  the  farm-houses— renting  these  and  prov;ci:nl 
for  tliemselvcs.    This  is  a  comfortable  and  indcpemUiit  plnnl 
The  houses  are  improving  in  accommodation ;  the  prnctice  is  beJ 
ginning  to  be  established  of  the  Canadian  families  having  a 
smaller  house,  to  which  thoy  betake  themselves  so  as  to  give  td 
the  visitors  control  of  the  whole  of  the  farm-house      A  low  humd 
comforts  will  naturally  be  wanting,  but  life  in  Kakouna  is  nol 
without  its  attractions,  and  the  deprivation  of  a  few  comCoi-J 
makes  one  appreciate   them  more  keenly  when  regained,    j 
baker  leaves  rogularly  at  the  liouses  good  bread.     13uet',  pouitiTj 
mutton,   salmon,  herrings,  pigeon,  sardines,  eg;^s,  mill;,  aili 
butter  present  a  bill  of  fare  that  shows  there  is  no  dan'^nr  on 
starving,  while  strawberries,  raspberries,  and  blueb-Ti ,is  ar^ 
besides  to  be  had  in  the  greatest  abundance.     The  stra.viieirji 
grows  in  peculiar  profusion,  and  of  a  singularly   ex  •  ilionj 
quality,  attaining  often  a  large  sizo.     The  children  of  the  vilJ 
Inge  reap  a  harvest  while  they  continue.     The  sportsman  will 
not  find  much  game,  through  trout  are  abundant  in  the  strcanil 
and  lakes.     There  are,  it  may  be  remarked,  attractive  placeJ 
for  walks  and  dri  cs,  however.     But  the  main  recommenlatiort 
of  the  two  places  in  question,  is  the  comparative  moderation  ol 
the  temperature,  and  the  fact  that  open  air  exercise*  can.  at  all 
periods  of  the  day,  be  enjoyed.    The  heat  is  never  exces-sivo.  Inil 
the  air  of  the  evening  is  often  decidedly  cool.     On  the  wholel 
these  watering-places  of  the  St.  Lawrence  will  no  doubt  continiif 
to  attract  a  steady  annual  stream  of  visitors,  desirous  of  luxurij 
ating  in  a  cool  atmosphere  and  enjoying  sea-bathin;j;,  whili 
other  places  on  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence,  presenting  equal  oj 
greater  advantages,  will  no  doubt  ir.  duo  course  come  into  noj 
'ice,  and  prove  desirable  planes  of  resort  so  soon  as  the  necessarj 
facilities  for  reaching  them  shall  have  been  supplied." 

As  you  approach  the  month  of  the  Saguenay  Rivicr,  th| 
waters  take  a  very  black  hue,  perceivable  for  many  miles  belon 
aud  extending  far  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  Just  within  the  raoutll 
of  the  river,  near  Tadousao,  there  is  a  round  mountain  peak 
called  T6te  du  Botile,  about  800  feet  high,  while  on  the  opposit 
bank  there  i,i  another  bold  eminence. 

TAnousAC,  140  miles  bel  iw  Quebec,  is  situated  on  the  northl 
west  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saguoniij 
Il'ver.    This  is  a  post  belonging  to  tho  Hudson  Bay  Company 


OITEBEC    TO    THE    SAGUENAr    RIVKn,    ETC.  2:>9 

I  is  the  residence  of  one  of  its  partners  ami  an  agont.  Thov 
yone  are  allowed  to  trado  with  the  Indians  in  the  interior  who 
Wally  visit  this  place,  but  more  frequently  Ohicoutinu,  at 
.head  of  navigation  on  the  Saguenay,  and  tlic  post  at  the 

.  ;^  "     '  ""■'"'"  '°"''  "^  *^°  company-s  agents  also  ro • 
e     At   Tado.-.ac  is  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  store,  and 
.rehous3.  and  some  eight  or  ten  dwellings.     Here  is  ovected 
flag-staff,  surrounded  by  several  pieces  of  cannon,  on  an  emi- 
bce  elevated  about  60  feet  and  overlooking  the  inner  harbor 
Jere  IS  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  float  the  largest  vessels 
113  place  was  early  settled  by  the  French,  who  are  said  to  have 
.re  erected  the  first  dwelling  built  of  stone  and  mortar  in 
fnada,  and  the  remains  of  it  are  still  to  be  seen.     The  view  is 
Iceedmgly  picturesque  from  this  point.     The  southern  shore 
f  the  St.  Lawrence,  may  be  traced  even  with  the  naked  eye  for 
by  a  league-the  unau^.Uing  lines' of  snow-white  cottages 
•retchmg  far  away,  both  east  and  west-while  the  soene^is 
«dered  gay  and  animated  by  the  frequent  pas.sn-^e  of  the 
tohant  vessel  plowing  its  way  toward  the  port  of  Quebec 
rUrrying  upon  tlie  descending  tide  to  the  Gulf-while  from' 
h„mmit  of  the  hill  upon  whi.h  Tadousac  stands,  the  sublil 
^d  mipressivo  scenery  of  the  Saguenoy  rises  into  view. 


I W.  extract  from  the  Report  of  the  Commissioners  for  explor- 
H  the  Sagucnay,  published  in  1829,  the  following  • 

iflat  terrace  at  the  basn  nf  fL  •  '^°'^' "»<•  <<'i'ming 

m  elevated   point,  on  oitlier  side  of  ♦!.«  «  *"  "'® 


'< 


I'  I 


I    f 


'&■ 

• 

»( 

M, 


260 


SAGUKNAY    RIVER. 


L'ance  a  L'eau,  or  Water  Har  30r,  situated  on  the  Sague 
nay,  about  a  half  a  mile  above  Tadousac,  is  the  name  of  a  set- 
tlement whore  ia  an  extensive  lumber  establishment. 

The  St.  Lawrence  River,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay,  j 
ossumes  an  imposing  appearance,  gradually  widening  until  itsl 
breadth  exceeds  one  hundred  miles. 


THE   SAGUENAY. 


"This  river  has  its  mouth,  according  to  common  computation,! 
loO  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  north  sliorc  of  the  Sr.  Lawrence,! 
in  latitude  48  deg.  6  min.  38  sec.  long.,  70  deg.  40  min.  wc3tf 
from  Greenwich.  It  discharges  a  much  greater  body  of  water] 
than  any  other  river  that  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  IndeedJ 
it  is  the  largest  river  in  North  America,  the  St.  Lawrence  ex^ 
cepted,  east  of  the  AUeghanies.  i 

"  It  takes  the  name  of  Saguenay  only  below  Lnle  St.  Johnl 
which  lies  about  120  miltes  N.  by  \V.  of  Quebec.  From  Tadou] 
sac,  a  distance  of  about  140  miles  to  the  lake,  the  course  of  thi 
river  is  nearly  east  and  west,  Tadousac  being,  as  before  stated! 
in  lat.  48  dog.  0  min.  38  sec,  and  the  south  side  of  Luke  St] 
John  in  48  deg.  23  min.  12  sec,  giving  only  10  miles  to  tliif 
north  of  Tadousac." 

This  lal<c,  which  is  nearly  circular,  is  about  40  miles  across) 
and  it  is  the  center  of  an  extensive  region,  the  waters  of  wliiclT 
flow  into  it  from  the  north,  the  west,  and  the  sonth,  in  twclv! 
principal  rivers,  being  discharged  to  the  east  by  the  Saguenay 

The  streams  which  flow  into  this  lake  from  the  south,  tli! 
west,  and  the  northwest  have  their  sources  in  a  mountainoii 
tract  which  ranges  nearly  east  and  west  for  a  long  distance! 
and  then,  far  in  the  west,  bends  noi'thwardly,  separating  thea 
waters  from  those  which  seek  the  St.  Lawrence  above  Queba 
ond  the  Ottawa  ;  and  regarding  them  in  their  still  wider  rclfl 
tions,  they  are  part  of  the  extensive  range  of  highlmds  whicj 
divide  the  basin  of  the  St  Lawrence  from  that  of  Hudson  Bn 
sind  its  tributaries. 

"  The  country,  the  waters  of  which  are  discharged  into  tli 
St.  Lawrence  by  the  Saguenay,  is  more  extensive  than  all  tn 
rest  of  Lower  Canada  ;  but  it  has  till  lately  contained,  proB 
iibly,  not  more  than  a  few  hundred  Indian  families,  who  hvc  I 


Ln'.c  St.  John, 


fiAGUENAY    RIVER.  gQ] 

I  "The  passage  of  the  Va^Irs  of  hi  «f  ""P""'"''  P™^^"^^- 
Ifc-IIa  Bay  to  tlio  St.  LawreTce  a  Juf  "^"'"i'J/™™  ^^^^w  the 
Irfthe  wonders  of  nature  SvVeneh^?  1^^'^  f»'^-^'^'  ''^  °ne 
fcous  tract,  composed  of  sieiJt^S  '  l  *^'°"S''  ^  '""""t- 
lanalin  many  places,  with  banks  ^f^eni^f^^^  ''"  '"""^»*^« 
Ifem  a  thousand  to  fifteen  hunc  red  L^f  Ifr^n"''''"  ^'"'^J^''  r'"^'""^' 
Iver,  which  is  from  a  hundred  tnnt  ^°''^  *^«  «"''f''co  of  tht 
|ep  nearly  the  whole  way.ind  tr^^i'trl  ""''/  ''^'''-'-^ 
Iroad.     The  power  and  pride  of  man    .n       °  \''  *^"*'^°  ™'J^s 

Wpartsof  this  tremendous  ctaa  in  .!,"'•"''  ^T'"^^«^'  '° 
f  f  Niagara  Falls.     In  many  phcl   L  ^  ""^^^^^iiate  prcs- 

a  close  to  the  perpendicular  rocte  wil^J^^^■?'*/''«'^«l  '"aj 
kve  are,  however  several  coves  wi^h  i  ''°™'  ^^*^'' 
)a-  fa  Bay  the  navy  of  EnUlndX\^t  ^°f  .'"'^'^^ovng,.  in 
my  fatlioms.  At  twelve  mni^lf*  ';^','?' "^  from  live  to 
Ptant  68  n.iles  from  Ta£,s?  The  trin^lT"'"''  ^^'"^^  i« 
Mtliere  is  from  10  to  50  fathnn  »  !  i  ^  ^  tide  rises  18  feet 
Bd  the  river  is  navigable  80^7^1  ^""V^'''^'    ^'^'^  ti'Je  rises 

e  rapids  of  the  ouflet  ofTako  S  Join"''  ^'^'<=°»^'-">i.  where 
r  I'.'-inse  of  highlands  cross  sthe%7"""'"'^'-  ^*  ^^^i^ 
fng  the  head  waterl  oJ'  the  A  «lh„t  J  '^'^S^i^'^v,  extending 
Wr,  St.  Anne.  Batiscan^^aJa  S^M  t!,?""^''?-;''^'  •^'^'^I^'^s 
«  Ii  and  western  side  of  the  basin  of  L  ^    '<?"t'  f°"»"'g  the 

fow  Quebec,  chiefly  induced  toC /,   i  i'°™ /'"^^  "«''t''  *^l'ore 
fnng,  etc.,  for  Mr.  Price's  nnJ.l       ^  employment  in  lum- 
^y there  is  a  church,  and  «bou     iSrr-r'"^-     ^'  "••^■I^'^ 
J  made  at  various  places  on  tSe  r  ve^.  ^"  "|''«^' .«»''  "P^'^^-'ngs 
grated  clay  and  granite  wlfl.  ifn,    .       .^^'^  ^"'^  is  of  disin- 
•^eral  level  of  thf  fan  f 'aW  \'fa  iTl! '"  ''^'"°.  P^^'^^^'^'     ''^<> 
Breach  from  tl.e  river  is  not  S    \u'^'  ''^  ^"'"  ««  tlio  oyo 
«n3,  although  more  broken      ?  fe  tin  f '""  *'^-°  '■■''''^"''  "^"  «'■- 
K  and  of  a  middling  growth     Vho  H      ?  ""^•''''  '""-'i  "nd 
k,  than  at  Quebec      \V  tl.  M.„  """°  '«  '"'I'^'^i'.  if  any- 

Melow  Lake^St.  S.n.  a  r  aj;  nS!]"."!"'';/''^  •'^'''^'^  -"- 
tat  extent  round  the  lake,  but  paSiZ  ':  *'^«  f'^»ntry  to  a 
*.  IS  of_  the  same  char.actor       P'"^'''"''" 0'  on  the  southwest 

femile  whS:';f  iS;SSrSu[r™  ''"^"^^^°-  ^^''-^^  -  about 
K'«  edge,  from  ^O^l^  S^i'trXr tf  ^^^^ ''•"- ^^^ 
F'ng  an  appearance  Homewliat  «;„Vi     I    *^°  tide-way,  pre- 


;i    I 


♦   ^ 


262         QUEDEC    TO    THE    SAGUENAY    UIVER,    ETC. 


moat  trayelers  are  familiar,  divested,  however,  of  all  appear 
ance  of  habitation  for  many  mlea,  and  the  Saguonay  avei ag- 
ing twice  the  width  of  the  Hudson." 

Tete  du  Boule,  a  round  vnountain  peak,  rises  on  the  ncrth 
side  of  the  river,  about  one  mile  from  its  mouth.  Here  the 
rocks  and  hills  are  mostly  bare,  but  the  verdure  increases  as, 
you  ascend. 

About  three  miles  from  Tadousac,  the  river  inclines  to  the 
north  for  a  few  miles,  then  resumes  its  western  course  to  Clii- 
coutimi,  a  distance  of  sixty-eiglit  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence. 
and  being  in  many  places  three  miles  in  width,  with  a  great 
depth  of  water,  until  you  arrive  at  the  bar,  about  sixty  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

The  Two  Profileh,  seen  on  the  north  shore,  a  few  miles  up, 
and  elevated  several  hundred  feet  above  the  water,  bear  a  strilf- 
ing  resemblance  to  the  human  face. 

St.  Louis  Ii-land  presents  a  rocky  and  rugged  appearance. 
It  lies  eighteen  miles  above  Tadousac,  and  may  be  passed  by  I 
large  vessels  on  either  side.     Here,  it  is  said,  fine  trout  mny  be  | 
taken  in  large  quantities. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  river  Marguerite,  on  the  north  shore, 
and  at  St.  John's  Bay,  on  the  south,  are  lumber  establisliments  | 
—the  latter  28  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

At  the  distance  of  34  miles  from  Tadousac,  on  tlie  south  I 
filiore  of  the  river,  are  two  enormous  masses  of  rock  ciillolj 
Eternity  Point  and  Cape  Tkimty.     They  rise  from  tliLl 
water's  edge  to  the  height  of  some  1,500  feet,  and  so  nbnipilv 
that  they  can  almost  be  touched  with  the  hand  from  tlie  t'avkj 
of  the  passing  steamer.     The  aspect  of  these  mountain  cllfls  isj 
beyond  expression  grand.     No  man  can  pass  along  th  Mr  bns^ 
and  lift  his  eyes  up  their  vast  height,  without  awe    witliouti 
experiencing  the  most  intense  emotions  of  sublimity.     Shcltcrdl 
between  them  is  a  lovely  recess  of  the  shore  called  Trinity  Cove, 
its  sequestered  and  lonely  beauty  enhanced  by  its  strong  con-j 
trast  with  the  wild  grandeur  of  the  rest  of  the  scene.    (Set\ 
Engraving.) 


QUEBEC    TO    THE    SAaUENAT    KIVER,    ETC.         263 

TRmiTY  Cape  takes  its  name  from  the  three  peaks  of  its 

»umm:t,  bearmg  some  resemblance  to  three  human  heads  ;  and 

he  name  of  Etkr^tv  Pomx  is  abundantly  indicated  by  the 

iiuge  pile  of  ever-durins  rock  of  which  it  is  composed.     The 

whole  sccno-the  majestic  river,  a  hundred  fathoms  deep,  roll- 

/ng  along  the  base  and  in  the  shadows  of  the  vast  and  beetling 

cliff.,  bearing  on  thoir  rocky  fronts  the  impress  of  Almighty 

Fwcr  and  everlasting  duration-the  whole  scene  at  this  place 

I  13  un^uriMssod  for  its  magnificence  and  solemn  beauty 

Cont:.u:ns  up  the  Saguenay,  Statuk  Point  is  next  passed, 
where  or:nerly  was  to  be  seen  a  rock  in  a  niche,  high  above 
the  water  which  resembled  a  huge  human  figure.  The  niche 
18  still  v:.;ble,  but  the  figure  has  fallen  into  the  de.p  water 

ularly  ft.om  the  water,  to  the  height  of  several  hundred  feet. 
I  situated  on  the  south  shore. 

The  scenery  in  this  vicinity,  and  for  several  miles  below,  is 
exceedm.ly  grand  and  picturcsquo-high  and  precipitous  hills. 
clothea  v,uh  .  .tunted  growth  of  forest  trees,  and  all  around  a 
wild  solmule,  unbroken  by  a  sign  of  habitation  or  life,  except 
occasionally  a  huge  porpoise  showing  his  back  ahove  the  wave 
and  the  waior-fowl  peculiar  to  these  northern  latitudes 

Fifty-oght  miles  from  Tadousac  opens  the  Ha-II.v,  or  Grkat 
Bav  as  ,t  is  sometimes  called.  It  is  entered  on  the  left,  while 
te  Saguenay  proper  comes  down  on  the  right.  At  the  head 
of  the  bay  there  is  a  large  settlement,  with  several  extensive 
I  saw-mills. 

The  Bay  of  Ila-IIa-a  name  by.-  means  euphonious  or 
worthy  of  the  locality-contains  a  numerous  population  for  so 
new  a  country.  Two  villages  appear  at  the  farther  extremity. 
the  population  whereof  must  number  at  least  five  hundred 
souls;  It  IS  situated  about  sixty  miles  above  the  entrance.  «nri 
^Closely  does  it  resemble  the  Saguenay,  that  it  is  only  when 

!'      J     j!'''  "''''"^  "'  '''  ''^'''^'y  '^'^^  the  mistake  ia 

perceived.     The  streams  which  flow  into  this  bay  furnish  the 

!  rarious  eaw-miUs  with  the  power  of  preparing  deals  for  the 


"li  .  '  1  ■ 


'I 


204 


QUEBEC    TO    THE    SAGUENAY    HIVER,    ETC. 


English  market — and  it  is  not  an  uncommon  occurrence  to  be-l 
hold  three  or  four  equare-rigged  vessels  busily  engaged  load- 
ing   on  English    account.      All    the    lumber    establishments 
throughout  the  country  are  owned  by  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Price 
&  Co.,  of  Quebec,  and  although  they  entered  the  trade  in  tha. 
first  instance  with  the  intent  of  furthering  their  own  interests! 
the  resuU  has  been  that  the  men  they  employed  have  bocomn 
settlers,  and  brought  into  cultivation  a  large  tract  of  anillj 

From  the  entrance  to  Ha-IIa  Bay  to  Chicoutimi,  a  distance 
of  about  twelve  miles,  the  banks  of  the  river  are  less  ruggej 
and  are  clopied  with  more  verdure,  and  openings  may  now  bg 
seen  on  both  shores,  with  occasionally  a  habitation.  About  eigh^ 
miles  below  Chicoutimi  there  is  a  bar,  which  can  be  passed  bj 
vessels  of  a  large  size  only  when  the  tide  is  up,  this  being  tlia 
first  impediment  to  navigation  in  ascending  this  noble  riverj 
which  for  grandeur  of  scenery  and  depth  of  water  may  vie 
with  any  other  stream  on  the  American  continent. 

Chicoutimi,  G8  miles  from  Tadousac,  situated  at  the  juncJ 
tion  of  the  Chicoutimi  River  with  the  Saguenay,  Avhere  is  a  picJ 
turesque  water-fall,  is  another  po.st  occupied  by  the  IludsoiJ 
Bay  Company,  which  lias  a  resident  agent  stationed  hero.  Tlv/ 
settlement  now  contains  an  extensive  saw-mill,  a  few  dwcU-j 
ings,  and  a  venerable-looking  Iloman  Catholic  chapel,  of  small 
dimensions,  erected  in  1727.  It  is  one  of  those  stations  ivliere 
in  former  days,  the  indefatigable  Jesuits  established  a  loml 
for  themselves ;  a  church  yet  remains  to  attest  their  religioui 
zeal.  This  edifice  is  believed  to  have  been  one  of  the  firsj 
erected  in  Canada.  The  locality  selected  is  singularly  pichirj 
csque  and  romantic.  On  one  side  the  Saguenay  pours  down  iti 
mighty  flood,  the  shores  on  either  side  covered  to  the  watev'j 
edge  with  the  most  luxuriant  foliage,  while,  on  the  other  sidel 
a  safo  and  commodious  bay  receives  the  mountain  torrent  of  ib 
Chicoutimi  Fiver. 

The  church,  a  peculiarly  agreeable  object  in  so  remote 
spot,  stands  about  100  yards  f'-om  the  margin  of  the  stream, 


ken  altogether,  fe^» 


».l.t  in  earlier  ag     ,eJt  ttl?'*  "="■  """""^  »"» 

trirrresxrr  °"^  -^^  -«■  -  "■» 

litne  ejpanse  of  water  of  abo,,f  qn     t     .      '    °"''-  """oh 
*--tee  par,,  tie  «a„e  i„  btada    ,     °'  '"  '"«"'■  ■"■"■  '" 

Ni-"*™.,,  and  o„„«j:""X"'::i-.?"'"""'""- 

«»».  «nl  many  ,„,allor  one,  e  Jv     .     ,   ,'  ™  ■""■«« 

•"•sonlj,  outlet  U  the  SagnenavT^r;  *  "■  •'»"■'■ 
^  ileraUe  streams  in  ita  eolTTi"  "'*'  ™'='™  ""MJ 

..er  in  that  nj^  ^  ^T  '  ^  """  *""■  "■■  -""»» 
■'.  -  foot-path,  ™sl™S  oSTtw/'"*^' 
■P»nys  station  on  Lake  St.  John  "'"^"  '^' 

^t.  -or.,  carp,  pite,  !^  t",'  7*"^  "'  *te  «,  ha^,! 
■8  the  spring  „„j  ,„„„er  *',  '  '*  V'™""  ""'"o"' 
^.«.a,l,,eraHe  distance,  21  17^^^°"^  ""  '"S^na/ 
;«PPoato«n.hec.al.,„ra:d"-;-«.;^an«Ues 

l^^bors  of  the  farmer.  ThlZiZfr  T  '"'*'  ^''"'  ^  ^W 
r  '."V  ^«  divested  of  the  rugKeTand  rn.v'  'r'^''^  '^™«nJ 
mguishes  the  banks  of  thp  I!;.  ^''^^  ^'^'^^acterTihich 
L,«s  the  traveler  alUS  tCT*"^  ^^^  '^^  first  60  Si* 
F;T  indicates  a  superior  soil    .^/.•V''°.,"i'P^"''«"°e  of  the 

pS:t^^^»'-pp-S;T^;;^£;t-^^^^^^^ 

^*.n  altogether,  fe,  excnrsion,  can  ...Tord  „ore  interest  to 


Mil, 


266       MURRAY    BAT,    TADOUSAO,    HA- HA    BAT,    ETC. 

tho  tourist  and  seeker  of  pleasure,  than  a  visit  to  Chicoutimi  and 
its  vicinity.  Besides  having  a  view  of  the  magnificent  scener 
of  tho  St.  LaAvrence,  hero  may  bo  seen  a  picturesque  water-fallj 
and  if  fond  of  angling  or  hunting,  the  visitor  may  enjoy  himself 
to  his  heart's  content— surrounded  by  a  vast  wilderness,  as  yej 
almost  unbroken  by  tho  haunts  of  man. 


MURRAY  BAT— TADOUSAC-ILV-IIA  BAT,  ETC. 

The  Tollowing  letter  was  written  by  a  gentleman  of  Phila 
dclphia : 

"  On  Wednesday  morning,  2r)th  July,  1855,  wo  left  Quebe 
for  thi^  lowier  St.  Lawrence  and  Saguenay  rivers.      At  eiglil 
o'clock,  precisely,  tiio  steimer  Siigiisniiy  sliot  out  iVom  thJ 
landing,  and  I'ounding  under  the  stern  of  tho  Frcm  li  frijiatl 
La  Ciijiric'fuse  made  her  way  down  the  St.  Lawrenao.     Tlil 
tin  roofs  and  spires  of  Quebec  gradually  grow  siiialljr  in  till 
distance,  and  the  blue  tops  of  tho  Greon  Mountains,  miles  nwfif 
in  Vermont,  ])roko  on   tho  sight.     As  wo  steam.;!  down  tlij 
river,  wo  liad  a  fine  view  of  Quebec  with  its  precipitous  hil 
crown.''  with  battlements,  whoso  immcmso  guns  Wiro  kvclc 
at  ua  in  iho  harbor.    The  mignilioent  ba.sin  before  the  city  wi 
dotted  \vi  li  craft  laden  with  other  tributaries  of  tho  .St  Lnwl 
rcnre.     A  f -w  miles  below  Quebec  tho  river  is  divided  by  th| 
islaiiJ  oi  (irlciiiis,  which  is  at  first  hilly  and  covoii;!  with  tre 
but  ua  \\  <  pai^a  along,  its  shores  bocouies  flat  and  uu.Ior  cultiva 
tion.     ji  -  lands  are  held  under  tho  old  French  tv-nure,  and  itj 
inhabit:!  Ills  arc  Canadian  Frouch.     A  singularity  of  division  A 
lands  wiich  tho  tourist  will  observe  through  Eas;  nn  t'aniidJ 
prcionis  it'iclf  very  prominently  in  this  island.    TLe  lands  ol 
theFren  .'i  p;ipulation,  at  tho  owner's  death,  are  divided  eipmllj 
among  tlio  children;  and  in  order  that  each  child  may  hiivef 
portion  of  tho  river  front,  a  farm  is  cut  up  into  narrow  strip 
running  sometimes  a  mile  in  length  by  twenty  yards  in  breadtii 
Upon  th  J  fnmt  the  houso  is  built,  and  tho  island  shore  is  i\\oA 
fore  a  continuous  lino  of  little  wooden  houses,  backed  by  cultj 
vatod  fiel  is 

"  In  about  an  hour  after  passing  tho  island  of  Orleans,  ^vj 
oamo  to  Uro.iso  Isle,  upon  wliioh  is  located  tho  Quarantine  ^i\ 
lion  of  U.iuatiii.  Several  largo  vessels  were  anchored  in  iiij 
Btream,  undergoing  tho  precautionary  measures  against  infi< 
tious  or  contagious  diiseases.  Ample  accommolatious  nil 
erootod  upon  the  shore  for  einigrant,s  sulToring  from  ship-fi'vd 
or  dimilur  disorders,  anl  tho  Lazaretto  arrangements  of  Quo!) 


MUUUAV    BAV,    TADOUSAC,    HA-HA    BAY,    KTC.       267 

iKera  to  bo  of  the  most  perfect  kinrl     n„  *i         •  ■■     , 
jGmse  Lslo,  Capo  Tounuont  Sfs  ksVlon?]  ^'''  "^'^^•^^'-^n^I'  behind 

Ijreat  numbers,  for  salt-wfttpv  W),?    ""''..f  »°trcal  resort  in 
Itrotohes   into  tho  river  wn^  .^f    -^^^   '°"S  per  that 

|lielacli.a  of  Canada  of  every  oht  when  "„7"^'''°  '^""""«^' 
Jfoar  straw  liata  with  vi,?,!    *-  '     '^'"^  "**  waternnr-p  aces 

imarkoi  co:;ua;tt'hTn  int:r;rs 'r^T^^^^ 

Meet.      Ti.o  sc.^no  was  h  "  n v  M  '"''''  ^^'»«rican  ladies 

|«ach  compi;mcn"ar7  noS  frr't.'f^l^"'  '^"'^  '-'"ll^^  fo^-th 
|»eroaboarl.  U^Mifrivod  at  i^  »  L  /""'V''''^  Amer;.ans  who 
l>g-phice,  about  dusT  and  ancho  'l  '■"  ^C"^^'  ''""''"'^■'  ^^^^e^- 
faylight.  At  three  o'dockwrl:,n«f"  ?1  '  ^?'»  *^^  '^^'^i* 
>«.Sa-n.onay,  which  is  dt^t  /Soss  tl'^.  ,  '^^  '»«"']'  o^ 
JSiTiero  (11  L(jun     Tho  sif    r  .      "''•O''?  tue  St.  Lawrence  from 

Nis,...nt.  Xbouffi^fo-c  rrrLS^f?;^ "'"««?? 

bituaiod  on  the  point  of  hind  formed  bvfh„  ^'"^'""'■'  ^^ich 
Venay  and  St    Lawrence       A?  ♦)?•  ^.    "  T*^''"^'"^"  "^  *f»o 

hno  on  I  0  most  st rikiiL  nhi  *  ';'>-*'^«  »»'•»•■«  above  Tadousao. 

»«P  lot.  ran  into  a  1  moCo  £?;•?  ''°''''  "^^  '^••^''-•'■'^^-  -V'^J 
t\l  IV^'""'  9*^  It  from  every  Hido.  th,«.,  ,.,>„..,?...:  !,;P!',': 

»oat"i;:h^5^;;;«;2^j^-;" «!'«'  ouun^u.o'tt;oS'tJ 

J  of  indcscribib  riwo  fn  wa  oil ,';  thr'  ^''r'  r'  <*  '^^^ 
*fP»'d  ..p  the  Htroftn..  a,  d  nm?v  an  lu  •'•""^'"^  •^'"'^'"'•'  "^^ 
^^^rA,  oven  after  u  iu  id  .  Yen"  fa 'u'.;'"?.?:/^' '  V'^-* 
«»  our  V.W.    T6t«  du  iVmle.  the  Tvi'o  I'X  thl'TaioU 


2G8 


MURRAY    BAY,    TADOUSAC,    HA-HA    BAY,    ETC. 


Capo  Trinity,  and  Statue  Point,  aro  each  attractiva  objects  thai 
excite  the  admiration  of  the  tourist.  [ 

"  Near  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon  wo  arrived  before  tbj 
little  town  which  lies  at  the  head  of  Ha- Ha  Hut/,  about  Qi 
miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  bavin*  dropped  our  anchor 
the  passengers  were  sent  ashore  by  the  ship's  boats.     The  towJ 
is  merely  an  establishment  for  lumbering  purpo-oi,  and  i| 
owned  by  William  Price,  Esq.,  of  Quebec,  wlio  is  the  most  ex, 
tensive  lumber  merchant  in  Canada.     All  the  saw-mills  upuij 
the  Saguenay  belong  to  tliis  gentleman.     Ho  Iccaps  eonstanti] 
employed  at  his  various  mills  about  i},UUO  parsons,  and  frei-rlit 
over  101)  vessels  annually  with  lumber.     As  only  a  I'jw  lajimtc 
were  allowed  us,  before  starting  on  our  return  to  tlio  St.  Linvk 
rcnco,  we  preferred  remaining  upon  the  stoa.nor's  deck  nni 
inspecting  the  town  and  adjacent  country  with  tlio  aid  of  I 
lorgnette.     About  Ila-IIa  Bay  the  clitt's  almost  dii<appaar  nnj 
Bomo  indications  of  agricultural  attempts  arc  manliest,  but  f 
sterile  soil  and  a  bleak  atmosphere  ahv,(y.s  militate  with  till 
lago  and  farming  in  this  region      Tli  5  (iovornor-donoral  ol 
Canada,  Sir  Edmund  Head,  was  expected  to  visit  the  SaguonJ 
on  this  trip,  and  as  wo  ran  up  before  the  town  a  salute  of  gun 
was  fired,  aiil  the  English  colors  run  up  tlie  flag^.aflF  on  .shor^ 
In  return   for  the  compliment,  Capt.  Siiaard   deoratci  iil 
steamer  witli  fl.igg  of  almost  every  nation,  and  we  Ijft  lla-il 
Bay  about  noon,  in  a  gala  attire  of  tlaating  bunting.     .\, 
five  o'clock  in  tiio  afternoon  wo  tonchcl  at  Tadousac.'anl  i| 
two  hours  after  anchored  at  tlio  pier  of  llivioro  du  Lnup, 
wait  for  t!io  morning.     Early  on  Friday,  July  27,  wo  starte 
for  Quebee,  and  madu  tlio  114  miles  before  four  o'clock  in  tlil 
afternoon.  ] 

"  The  greater  part  of  American  tourists  make  a  great  mil 
tako  in  omitting  the  Saguenay  Kiver.     They  miss  the  fimJ 
scenery  on  this  continent,  wlii'ch  tliey  can  view  by  an  add! 
tional  expense  of  $12  only.    Tho  faro  on  Itoard  the  boat  isi 
oxcellent  quality,  and  the  berths  largo  and  comfortable.    It 
worth  a  visit  to  tfao  Saguenay  to  taste  tho  salmon,  that  but 
hour  before  wit%  gliding  in  its  nativo  clement.     As  a  matter  t 
information  to  tlioae  wisliing  to  raako  tho  trip  in  future  senson 
wo  may  Hay  that  a  thick  over-coat  is  an  absoluto  neoesftiti 
From  eleven  0  clock  in  tlio  morning  until  four  in  tho  iifternoti 
tho  tempera'uro  is  ngrooablo,  but  not  too  warm;  during  111 
other  hours  of  fh  >  diiy  and  uiirUt  it  will  en'v.n.iri^  i'xu;-!!'.'  si! 
our  November      ( •oming  from  warmer  climates,  tho  tourfst  cA 
not  bo  too  careful  to  prepare  for  suilden  cliango.<  of  tempe™ 
ture.     Wo  can  not  closu  our  imporfoot  sketch  of  tho  Saguena 
without  a  word  of  thanks  to  Capt.  Simard,  who  commands  I 
Steamer  Saguonay.    To  our  nuiujrous  questions  ho  politoly  1 


ictiva  objects  thai 


ANTI008TI. 


l'  « 


2G9 


Itommen-l  him  and  his  lx.at  to  H-  '"^^'''"?"^°»      ^^^  cordially 
Ifravelors  who  may  heJeofter  tisit  0„o'"''°^'  °^  °"  America^ 

»conv,r..,ttion  with  nu^./ou,  "oH^iT'"'"^  ''^  *  good-w.'l. 
£.d  Montreal,  wo  diseovirth  t  hf  4  P'"""'  ^?'"  ^""beo 
Utly  ad  aired  in  Canaira  d  an  .-..^'"f 'f'^"  character  is 

kt  the  avn-cablo  commidaTlrH-     '"''"^    '"P^  ''^  indulged 

Cation  ho  woen  the  trco?ntrS\^r/7>.P™"^~«^«f  f^'" 

four  fin,,,  national   charge  oStS^ 

Jhile  they  are  oininantlv  lov^l  Vn  f»?  •       ^   ^^"'^''' »»   affairs. 

fco  in  (ho  .crive  SgVot' tLe  vlnL'^"'''''  ^n.  t!r,y  yet  re- 

>vilc-g.3  to  live  in  such  close  iuvHnr-r"°°'  "^^^^  <'«''^«'n  i*  * 
foso  rapid  ri.o  and  hardy  vi^Jrrir  ^°  '^  "'^tionality 
|jxon  blood.     The  kindlv  cLi-  °    .  ,    ^"°"''  «»  the  An<»Io- 

Whe  United  slates.'f^d^  n  '"L  S  '""'\S'^  reciprocaTi 
"nmercid  an  1  morca.yio  1  n  '  fi  ""  ?, "^^ ^'°"  motive  than 

>thor  or  not  the  time  will  ov?r!!  "'?  **  ^°'""""»  »« 
kll  bo  a  mv,vol<^n  S  ate  and  .^.^r^  nT°  '"''""  ^''''''"'•■^'  ^'«nad» 
Ud.raey,  rom.Tins  o  b^  «een  I  •  h?"'  "*P""^  c-^P^nding 
Ke  Huo',  a  turn,  wo  will  acm,;r«  „        "?'"''"  °^  *'^'-'"l«  «1'0»W 

Irunexamplodgreatnos    ifn      w?  «'^"«'''^P'"«"lly  a'JaptxHi 
N  a  lirm  inwavcrJ^nSend  '•    '       "  °  """^  "^'  '^  f'""'f"»  \ 


ANTICOSTI. 

|A.VT,nosT,,al3out  400  miloa  below  Queboe  is  a  W.  „    7- 
kant  island  in  tho  Gulf  of  Sf   r  „  ^°  ""''  "°- 

f«.E  .  ir.  tho  widest  par   of  tf"  ^7"'  ^^'"«  ''-'•^^-  *°^ 
W  4-'  and  oio    5    V  "''  f,"'^.'"^''^'  ^°'^^°°"  tho  meridian, 

L.«,.  ..:.,  ..;._       .   ''•     ""  «"''f'^°°  '«  in  general  low.  ..n^ 


270 


ANTICOSTI. 


posed  of  cncrinites.     The  northern  coast  is  bold  and  high,  pre, 
«cnting  lunguificcnt  limestone  cliffs,  which  sometimes  rial  to  thl 
height  of  500  foot.     The  severity  of  the  climate  is  so  groat  tha] 
any  grain  is  usually  nipped  in  the  bud.     In  the  montli  of  June, 
ice  of  considerable  thickness  is  frequently  formed  during  ih] 
night ;  and  sunmier  is  always  far  advanced  before  the  snow  dis] 
appears.     Winter  commences  in  the  early  part  of  Novembcp 
and  continues  till  the  middle  of  March ;  the  thermomotor  rang, 
ing  during  this  season  from  20°  above  to  20°  below  zero.    TM 
shores  are  then  surrounded  with  ice,  and  all  communicatiof 
with  them  is  cut  off.     Its  shores  present  a  fow  small  crooks,  bu 
throughout  an  extent  of  300  miles  there  is  neither  buy  nnr  har 
bor  sufficient  to  protect  ships ;  while  the  powerful  stream  settinj 
constantly  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  shoals  which  surroun] 
this  island,  and  the  heavy  snow-storms  which  here  occur  in  thl 
fall  of  the  year,  with  its  position  across  the  mouth  of  the  river] 
render  it  the  frequent  scene  of  shipwrecks,  and  the  sailing  pa^ 
it "  the  worst  part  of  the  voyage  to  or  from  Canada."    (Doniiy| 
castle.)    "  The  bearings  of  its  exircme  points  are  as  follows ;  wesi 
point,  N.  lat.  4'J°  o2  29",  W.  long.  01°  30'  51";  variation  22( 
C5'  W.     East  point,  N.  lat.  40°  8'  30",  W.  long.  61°  ■li'uiV'l 
ViTiation  21^  '6^'  W.     North  point,  N.  lat.  49°  57'  38",  W.  loni 
05°  W  \".     Southwest  point,  N.  lat.  49°  2:5',  W.  long.  Oi)^  i^ 
An  elevated  and  magnificent  l'ght-bou.so,  with  a  revolving  liglil 
now  occupies  this  point  of  the  island;  and  another  lias  bee 
erected  oj»  tlio  E.  coast.   Spring  tides  rise  ton  foot;  naps.  Beve) 
feet.    This  inland  formerly  belonged  to  Labrador,  but  was  an 
cexed  to  Lower  Canada  in  lH2o,  and  now  forms  part  of  tiJ 
county  of  Saguoiiay.     Its  name  is  probably  a  corrup:io:i  oi'  tlJ 
Indian  name  .N  uticosUe.    It  is  fii Bt  noticed  in  1535,  by  Carticj 
who  gave  it  tlio  nnmo  of  Assumption."     (Bouclictto.) 

Oui>KOF  Hr.  LvWHKNCK.— On  passing  along  the  Foutlii'il 
of  the  iHlund  of  Anlicosti,  entering  the  Gulf  of  St.  LawioiJ 
tho  slioros  of  a.vspK  are  soon  iu  the  distance.  This  is  an  irnl 
portnnt  district  and  headland,  jutting  out  into  tho  Oulf,  nnl 
running  round  into  the  Bat/  of  fV<,hura,  comprchoniing3jl 


GULP    OF    ST.    LAWRENCK. 


miles  of  coast;  the  whole  extent  ,-,«•, 
different  kin-Is,  and  darin.  tt  V.  ''  ''""'^'^  ^'^^^  «^^  «^ 

of  vessels  and  men  are  en^,  Jd  t  "?•'''''"  "  ^^"'^e  number 
exportation.  °^^  '"^  ''^^'^S  an  J  curing  fish  for 

I    Below  wherp  tTm  a., 

Jn^ly  mile,  „„j  ,t„  „y       ~"  "■»  latter  stroam  exceed. 

hm  ahor,  to  shore,  ta  a  ta  1  "    T'""'  »''"»•"  '^0  mUe. 
b  """  ■»  »°  to  'to  ».a»t  rSjIf  °'  '"=  '"'""  «'  '^-«- 

-  "x»  :r.;'rXe^"^:'«  "-^  «-«-^'-  ^- 

Iroyage:    "Through  thi,  L      «       ^^^^'''  ^"  t'^rminating  the 
fcssed  into  the  G'^//  /Vz^f"'  T""  ''  ''^  --  - 

Nilimaelc-nae.attheh  ro'l!^^^^^^^  '"  *^°  «^-lt  of 
pntieosti.  a  distance  of  a  W  o  oon  ""/  '"'"  "^  ""  ••^''^"'* 
t  the  n,ost  ..plondid  lakes  In   hT      n   "'''''  ''"''"Sh  a  ehaln 

ijor  further  dj.Hpti::iv:t;frr'L 


;;  li 


wilt 


272 


VALUE  OF  MONEYS. 


VALUE  OF  MONEYS 

The  following  information  will  be  found  valuable  to  strangers 
visiting  Canada,  and  particularly  to  emigrants  briu  'iii'»  with 
them  sterling  money.  "    ° 

Value  of  Colonial  Moisteys.  ^B         ^^Oif  i 

The  basis  of  the  currency  is  the  imparial  gold  standard,  dif- 
fering  from  stcrl-ng  nionoy  in  the  different  uomln.il  value  of 
the  pound  and  its  constituents.  ^m    p 

The  pound  sterling  is  by  law  fixed  at  Twenty-four  shillint^  B .   ^^^"^''^"e 

andfourpmco  currency.      At  this  rate  all  hrge  triusactions  ■"  "clock  f.m 

are  settled,  and  remittances,  with  the  correction  of  the  day  for  Hcan  leave  All 

oxchange,  ar9  calculated.  Bproce  1    V 

One  pound  currency,  contains  four  dollars.  H  »  '^ 

One  dollar        "  •'       five  shillings.  mmne,  109  m: 

One  shilling     "  ««       two  sixpsnl-es.  H^'ewrorkCcn 

One  sixpence    "  ««       six  pennies.  ■    At  Schen^<,' 

One  penny        «•  «       two  coppers.  ■commo 

The  value  in  sterling  of  the  pound  currency  is  rather        I    a*  tt"*^^  "'^ ' 

„  over  !,;„.  r,ja.         ■    ,     ^^''"-  *'<' 

The  dollar  currency  rather  over ds.  1  jd         ■»»(!  oxtcmJs  n( 

"   shilling     "  "  ■  9;|d;        ■Counville,  a  tm 

"  sixpence    "       rather  under 6d.         ■,heu  fin:,i,,,j  , 

But  in  retail  transactions  an  approximation  is  made  to  the  ■rcn-o  P- 
value  of  the  coins  current  in  Britain  and  the  United  States,  I         ^^^'^cr,  lo: 
and  in  small  purchnses  the  following  are  the  rates  &„  which  I   ^^  J'onio  cou) 
Buch  coins  are  usually  paid  away :  ■«toidin[>-  nortli 

BRITISH.  ■direct  line  of  tvn 

J3'« ''«^«'-°'«« £143.  6d.        ■  At  Syracuse* 

Ihe  crown (53_  ]  j         ■.  •'  "^^^so  ( 

Half  crown 3ij'  o^d.      B    "'®  '^.'/'af/Me 

SliiUing,  callsd  Trente-Sous Is.  3(1.        M^l/racusf  Eai/io 

Sixpence,    »     Quinzo-Sous 7R      ■%ofO«wo-oS 

AMERICAN.  ■Fsiinl    *'.„      °„ ' . 

Kagle £2  103.  ip         ""°'«^^" 

Dollar Cs.  ](1.       B^^al  tune,  one  h 

Half  dollar 23.  O.'.d.      ■  Travelers  can  m 

Dime,  or  ten  cents 6d        ■Svfn,M,a  , 

ileal,  or  York  ahUling 7^d.      I  ^    '■"^°'  ""''  t!'e 

A  shiH!n?r  sterlinjr  and  n.  f^ijartnr  nf  s  dol'-nf  av"  *~!-'n  ""  "  =S  "^  direct  thi'i 
Stores  as  equal.  The  exchangeable  value  of  the  dollar,  of  ■'^"''^'"''"  •'''"<'''*. 
courso,  varies  with  the  course  of  exchange  between  tlio  Provin-Bf'o  Montreal  or  ( 
ces  and  the  United  States,  which  is  principally  ruled  by  that  ■ton  or  Niftn.ni.n  <• 
between  Now  York  and  London.  In  general,  its  valuo  ia  abou»Bf>.„  ,.  o"™»  '^ ' 
5b.  Id.  currency,  or  43.  2d.  sterling.  J'"/"?    "tcent, -nad 


ibic  to  strangcra 
i  bringing  with 


.1  stanflard,  dif- 
minul  value  of 

y-four  shillings 
ge  triusactiong 
1  of  the  day  for 


7  is  rather 

ii)8.  r)j(i. 

4s.  1 1(1. 
9|d. 
6d. 

13  made  to  the  i 

United  States, ' 
rates  a-  which 


1  43.  6d. 
Gs.  Id. 
83.  Oid. 
Is.  3d. 
7ii 


Plkasuhe  travelers  leivi-no.  w      -.^ 
h^n  leave  Albany  almorjn,,!  °  °"  *^°  ""^'^on  River 

p;o-a  direct  t^c:  ;r;:;T^f 

he^  i'ork  Central  Kailnll  ""^"^  ^^°">  ^"^any.  „/„ 

At  Schenectady  the  .V„;.a/«,.a  a„^  c.  , 
"^'"enoes  nn  1  expends  north  to  S^f  ^'^'^''^'^^«'''y  ^'nfroaU 

At  Utica  the  ///„./,  ."t;   '  ^^If'^^  ^^ings,  22  miles. 

«n<l  extends  nor.h,  IG  ,nlles  to'tv^';'"  f "'""'  ^'^'^^^^^ 

P«^nville.  a  total  distance  of  "-'?'"  ^'''''  ""'^   '^'^nee  to 

^^-  «nl..i.e„,  .HI  n,n  ,;;"'"•    '^^^  '^^ovo  ruilroad. 

hnco  River,  ,0,  ,.,,,,  ,,.„„^  ;^;;j-°'  «^tuated  on  the  St.  Law- 

I   At  ilomo  counuenees  the  jr^/.",-/ 

"tending  northward  to  C-mlT'"  ""  ''""''  ^"'^'oad, 

kctlineof  travel  to  I^-„t  'on  !"r,''  ''  ''''''''  ^-"""^  a 
At  Syracuse  the  New  V    i^c^  'i  !"  ^^-^  -  Canad^ 

')■  of  Oswego.  35  niiles     r  ^  «  ^"'-^^  ;-»•"='  -..h  to  the 
-«1  t-me,  0  ,o,rs.    Fa  ;  flit    """^^"  ^'^'■-•«-.  «3. 
1^-1  time,  one  hour  and  thL:rn.^:r"^°  to  Oswego.  $,. 
J  ^'•i^'clors  can  proceed  hvrn-i 

^acnse.  and  tile tlt       ;  :;:^*^ ^'^^^^^^^  '•  «^  --^-^-m 
hcced  direct  thro,,.,,  J  X  T"  '''  '''''^"  -'  ^"viston.  or 


>  to  Montreal  or  Quebec 
■ton  0    """ 

mape 


i'fom  Khignrn.  I'M 


P  'i-von  Bridge  or 
'.p.'i*'s.„.,rs  deph-ing  to 


^;   ^'"  V.  viueoec  are  conveved  hvof     "•"  "^^-""g  i' 
,-5-gara.Can..  through  ir n^^^""' '•^-"  ^^-i^ 


-'-.^.a  thence  do;nth:;:.;:::: 

16* 


'"firio  to  A-infi,ion 


Bivcr. 


or 


274 


PLEASURE    EXCUU8I0NS. 


Another  new  and  favorite  mode  of  traveling  for  those  who 
wish  to  avoid  the  lake  travel  is  to  proceed  to  Toronto,  and  take 
the  cars  of  the  Grand  Tnink  Railway  toT  Kingston.  There  I 
take  an  American  or  British  steamer  for  Montreal. 


Steamers  of  a  large  class  run  daily  from  Oswego  morningj 
and  afternoon.  The  morning  boats  leave  Oswego  ibr  Sacket'sl 
Harbor,  Kingston,  OgdenHburgh,  etc.;  while  the  afternoon  boats] 
run  direct  to  v.'harlotte,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Geneaso  1  liver,  and! 
from  thence  direct  for  Toronto,  LewisLon,  etc.,  aCFording  trav- 
elers a  choice  of  routes  if  going  wi-it  to  Detroit,  Chicago,  etc.,! 
or  if  proceeding  north  to  Kingston,  Montreal,  etc.  Plcasuro) 
travelers  are  also  conveyed  direct  to  Niagara  Fulls,  Buffalo,  etc.] 

SACKfyr's  Haiibor,  45  miles  from  Oswego,  is  the  first  place 
at  which  the  passenger  boats  stop  to  land  and  receive  passen- 
gers ;  usual  time,  S  hours. 

Kingston,  40  miles  farther,  is  usually  reached  in  about  the 
Bame  time,  where  passengers  can  stop,  or  proceed  direct  down 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  passing  the  "  Thousand  Islands"  and 
magnificent  rapids  by  daylight. 

The  American  steamers,  on  leaving  Kingston,  run  through 
the  Kingston  Channel  to  Clayton  or  French  Creek,  und  tliencd 
to  Ogdeusburgh.  The  British  steamers  run  on  the  north  oil 
Canadian  Channel,  stopping  at  Gananoque,  Brockviile,  Pre 
cott,  etc.,  on  the  downward  and  upward  trips. 

Kingston  being  the  best  point  lor  pleasure  travelers  to  starl 
from  in  order  to  see  the  "  Thousand  Islandu"  to  advantage,  wa 
subjoin  the  following  description  of  the  trip  to  Prcscott  and 
Ogdensburgh,  performed  in  June,  1867.  The  American  stenmi 
ers  leave  Kingston  at  about  3  o'clock  p.m.,  descending  thePtj 
Lawrence,  slopping  at  Ogdensburgh,  G2  miles ;  while  the  Britj 
ish  mail  iiue  of  sleamurB  leave  at  6  o'clock  a.m.,  runniu 
through  to  .Montreal,  180  miles,  by  daylight. 

On  leaving  Kingston  the  steamer  runs  botweea  IIowo  and 
Qratid  lalauds,  both  belonging  to  Canada,  for  a  distance  o^ 


PLIiASUUE    KXCURSICN8. 


275 


Engston.    Soyoral  Il„h.  i  '"',''*»'°.«"i=.  2'J  Uiilea  from 

Uque,  «:.c„  .l„i.-L7ri,        *  '"  """'  '='°''  «""»• 
Unt.     Here  i,a  1,;,;  ,  ""'  "  »PP™"'«a.  1-'  mil™  ii,. 

The  nl  n  "''  P^'''^  ^^  *^»«  descending  steamer 

hro«,«,  .f  eon..r„c.i„„,  „M  aff.,aTd  1  ''l"°lr,! 

I««l«  to  ilio  Upper  Oltair.  country  "^      ^ 

P...CO  „  .„J  Oa>,B»..„,„„,  12  ™ita  teW  BroetviU,  .r, 

ir;::  rr  r,!!;rt ''°'  °"''':  '-^'  -'  -^  -- 

Wbo  s.nVl  t."f       •"■.       ,  iiavigation  for  sail  vesscla 


I     '    'il 


III  I  I 


216 


PLEASURE    EXCURSIONS. 


TRIP  FKOM  "  xMONTHEAL  TO  QUEBEC  AND  RETURN  " 

JUNE,  1857. 

TuE  above  was  the  wording  of  the  pass  received  from  the 
Managers  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  in  the  early  part  of 
June,  1857,  but  preferring  to  descend  the  "La  Grande  Rivitrt' 
in  one  of  the  swift  steamers  which  run  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec  daily,  leaving  in  the  evening,  I  embarked  on  board  the 
Quebec,  the  crack  boat  of  the  Royal  Mail  Line.  Distance,  170 
miles  ;  cabin  fare,  $2  50. 

On  leaving  Montreal,  St.  Helen's  Island  is  soon  passed,  being 
in  part  covered  with  a  rich  growth  of  forest  trees,  while  the 
fort  and  breastworks  on  the  north  end  are  seen  to  advantagn. 
Then  comes  Longueuil,  the  present  terminus  of  the  Eastern 
Division  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  it  being  now  reached  Ijy 
steam  ferry-boat ;  but  as  soon  as  the  Victoria  Bridge  is  com- 
pleted, running  across  the  St.  Lawrence  River  some  two  miles 
above,  then  will  passenger  and  freight  trains  be  kaasported 
over  the  above  noble  structure,  to  be  finislud  in  1859. 

A  number  of  low  islands  are  next  passed  on  descending  the 
stream,  when  the  beautiful  village  of  Varennes  is  soon  readied 
and  passed,  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  stream.  Here  is 
a  mineral  spring  of  some  celebrity  and  a  good  pi  blic  house. 

The  north  point  of  the  island  of  Montreal  and  northern 
branch  of  the  Ottawa  River  are  passed  about  16  miles  below 
Montreal,  where  are  to  be  seen  several  picturesque  islands, 
concealing  In  part  the  mouth  of  the  Ottawa. 

Here  the  St.  Lawrence  assumes  its  most  majestic  appearance 
for  a  stretch  of  several  miles,  the  stream  being  from  two  to 
four  miles  in  width— flowing  onward  in  majestic  grandeur 
with  here  and  there  a  square-rii»ged  sail  vessel  and  immense 
timber  rafts,  such  as  are  alone  seen  on  the  lower  St.  Lawrence, 
being  on  their  way   o  Quoboc  from  the  Ottawa  River. 

Before  reaching  S(  rel,or  William  Henry,  the  stream  cont'-actf 
to  about  one  mile  ii  width,  with  more  elevated  banks.  The 
river  Richelieu,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cliamplain,  enters  the  St 


PLEASURE    EXCURSIONS. 


277 


D  RETURN." 


awrence  at  Sorel,  or  Wi/Ham  Henry,  45  miles  below  Mon- 
ireal,  this  being  the  first  regular  landing  for  the  Royal  Mail 
lline.  Hero  ia  situated  an  old  and  handsome  town,  cnlivonad 
ly  English  and  French  residents  and  the  busy  Yanlvee,  who  is 
^owly  making  his  way  into  the  lower  Province  of  Canada. 

After  leaving  Sorel  a  number  of  islands  are  again  passed, 
lind  the  steamer  soon  enters  the  broad  waters  of  La/,-e  Si.  Peter, 
|ui  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence.    Here  again  the  square-rig-' 

I  vessels,  the  timber  rafta,  and  the  more  fleet  steamer  may 
|«ften  be  seen  threading  their  way  up  or  down  the  river. 

Three  Eiuers,  90  miles  below  Montreal  and  80  miles  above 
iaebec.  is  an  old  and  important  town,  being  advantageously 
latuated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Maurice,  on  the  left  bank 
|of  the  river. 

This  is  considered  the  head  of  tide-waters  on  the  St.  Law- 
Itence,  although  the  Richelieu  Rapids  are  below,  where  ia  a 
litroug  current  when  the  tide  is  receding,  the  river  flowing  over 
Ji  rocky  and  dangerous  channel  for  several  miles-the  siream 
lilternately  running  to  the  right  and  the  left,  with  banks  some- 
lihat  elevated.  Point  aux  Trembles,  on  the  left  bank,  is  a 
IWd  headland,  which,  when  passed,  the  stream  again  wideas 
|for  a  number  of  miles— thj  shores  for  the  entire  distance  of 
I'O  miles  being  dotted  with  picturesque  residences  of  the  French 
|liabitans  and  churches  of  the  Roman  Catholic  persuasion. 

Cape  Rouge,  10  miles  above  Quebec,  is  another  interesting 
Ipoint,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Next  comes  in 
i'ght  Point  Levi  and  the  frowning  fortress  of  Quebec— then 
Icpens  the  Lower  Town,  rvith  its  numerous  shipping,  its  steam- 
lags,  and  ferry-boats— altogether  afibrding,  during  the  summer 
Months,  one  of  the  most  grand  and  enlivening  scenes  to  bo  wit- 
|iMsed  on  the  continent  of  America. 
Without  entering  into  a  description  of  Quebec,  which  is  fully 

a  |.,.i^,^.r  piacc,  nc  wiU  aimuo  lo  the  hotels  now 

jifen  for  the  accommodation  of  tourists.  Russell's  Hotel  in 
JPalace  Street,  Upper  Town,  is  an  old,  popular  house ;  while  th*^ 
iClarendon  Ibuse,  kept  by  IL  O'NeiU,  ou  Lewis  Street,  near  the 


i 


,  'I  I. 


278 


PLEASCRK    BXCURSIONSo 


Durha  '.  Terrace,  is  a  new  and  popular  resort  for  pleasure  seet 

ers  vis,,    ig  Quebec. 
Thsro  are  several  other  good  hotels  in  both  the  Upper  and 

Lower  Town,  while  Norman's  Victoria  Hotel  at  Point  Levi,  op. 
posite  Quebec,  is  also  a  favorite  resort  for  both  English  and 
American  visitors.  It  is  situated  near  the  terminus  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  from  whence  steamers  are  almost  con" 
stantly  crossing  to  Quebec,  affording  an  opportun-ty  to  s(.,  'he 
fortress  and  city,  together  with  the  adjacent  coun'..  ,  Aom 
Cape  Ilougo  to  the  island  of  Orleans. 

The  trip  from  Quebec  to  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence  and  Sague- 
nay  Rivers  is  fully  described  in  another  part  of  this  work. 
See  page  203. 


EETUEN  TO  MONTEEAL. 
On  leaving  Quebec  for  Montreal,  via  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
passengcjrs  can  proceed  at  6  a.m.  or  4  p.m.,  crossing  the  St.' 
Lawrenc.)  ly  steamer  to  Point  Levi,  one  or  two  miles"  distant. 
Near  the  depot  is  situated  the  Victoria  Hotel,  a  well-kept  pub- 
Kc  house,  surrounded  by  handsome  grounds. 

This  is  a  most  speedy  route,  the  cars  going  through  from  city 
to  city  in  six  hours ;  170  miles.  The  first  station  is  the  Chaudiere 
Junction,  8  miles  from  Point  Levi;  here  the  Chaudiere  River 
is  passed  a  few  rods  above  the  romantic  falls  on  this  stream,  the 
spray  arising  from  the  waters  alone  being  visible  from  the  cars. 
For  the  next  40  or  50  miles  the  country  is  level  and  uninviting, 
with  only  a  few  residences  in  sight,  being  for  the  most  part 
clothed  with  a  stunted  forest. 

Stanfo. ',55  miles  from  Point  Lj^va,  i.'.  ■,•.  small  set';>irnt 
surrounded  by  good  farming  Ian-  ■  1.  •)!  c'>.  mues  until  War- 
wick, Danville,  and  Richmond  are  reached  and  passed.  At  the 
latter  station  the  passenger  tr.-Jr.s  usually  connect  with  trains 
from  Portland  and  Montreal,  making  this  an  important  point 
on  this  great  railway  of  Canada.  Passengers  bound  for  thi 
White  Mountains  or  Portland  Me  there  ohange  cars. 


PtEASURK    EXCURSIONS, 


for  pU.vsure  seek- 


■hriving  vil,a!L      °  "   ''°-^"^"'  P»»^«  ".migh  ,„„„, 

..^.  .»ut:i:::f  "^"»  t  """'""•■ « "»-"»™*  ->. 
I  ..i;';';::^  «fM„!:r;,''r°'''  ■■  ■"""■''  *'■»'■"■-' 

..  .^«  sou.,.,  wM,e  ^ J  :i,f 2:::  „T'  r  ""'■  -''• 

i.uu.i-y.  PP^'^  ^'-  I'awrenco  and  Lake 

Jlontreal  to  Island  Pond,  Vt 

J  omrea  to  White  Mountains.- V  'h 

^'l^iureal  to  i-ortland,  Me. .  . . ;    ;.    

Montreal  to  Prescott.  C?w7~ 

Montreal  to  Ottawa  City    via  pi.:  "  U ^^^  miles 

Montreal  to  Toronto,  C.W.  '''°" ^I^'     " 

333    " 


^  io  miles. 
20  i     «•' 

292     '♦ 


M 


280 


PLISASURK    KXCURSrONS. 


MONTREAL  TO  BOSTON  AND  NEW  YORK. 

Passengers  cnr  leave  Slontreal  for  Boston  or  New  YorkJ 
and  proceed,  via  C  .mnidain  and  St.  Lawrence  Eailruail,  tot 
Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.,  a  distance  of  45  miles,  wliere  they  havel 
tlie  choice  of  proceeding  by  steamer  to  Plattsburgh,  Burling-] 
ton,  etc.,  or  take  the  cars  of  the  Vermont  and  Canada  Rail-t 
road,  and  proceed  direct  through  by  rail  to  Boston  or  Nev 
York,  or  any  intermediate  station. 

Trains  of  cars  also  run  twice  daily  from  Montreal,  via  Mun\ 
treat  and  Lachine  and  Montreal  and  JVew  York  liailruadsl 
direct  to  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y.,  a  distance  of  G2  miles,  hero  con\ 
nccting  with  steamers  running  to  Burlington,  Ticonderoga,  ain| 
Whitehall. 

On  arriving  at  Burlington  by  any  of  the  above  routes,  p^s-j 
sengers  have  the  choice  of  proceeding  by  steamer,  or  take  thi 
cars  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  if  bound  for  theWhita 
Mountains  or  Boston ;  while  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  Rail* 
road  runs  both  toward  Boston  and  New  York,  forming  a  link  iq 
the  great  lino  of  railroads  running  from  the  Eastern  and  Nortli] 
em  States  into  Canada. 

On  leaving  Burlington  by  steamer,  proceeding  toward  WhitcJ 
hall,  a  most  magnificent  view  is  obtained,  in  a  clear  day,  of  th( 
Green  Mountains  of  Vermont  and  {\\q  Jhliiondaeh  Croupoi 
New  Y'ork,  lying  in  the  counties  of  Essex  and  Clinton.  Till 
latter  are  the  most  elevated  peaks,  rising  to  the  height  of  5,4GJ 
feet  above  the  ocean;  while  the  Mansfield  Mountain  peak  oi 
Vermont  rises' to  the  height  of  4,270  feet,  there  bcinp;  lossci 
peaks  on  both  sides  of  the  lake  in  full  view.  Tlie  sui  laco  oj 
Lake  Chauiplain  is  elevated  S)0  feet  above  tide-waters  of  tlij 
ocean,  whili)  Laka  George  is  elevated  243  feet — there  being  I 
fall  of  li"i,'{  in  the  outlet  of  tho  latter  lake  within  the  distanci 
of  4  miles. 

Lake  Champ'ain  nnd  tho  lan<ling3  on  its  shore  are  fully  ddj 
scribed  in  a  preceding  part  of  this  work.     See  page  101. 

Tho  stoaml  jat  landing  at  old  Fort  Tioondoroga  is  tho  poia 


PLHASURB   BXCCR8I0N8. 


281 

of  travohrs.  wl.ilo  s uls  .       r    "°  '"' *^"^  accommodation 
Pa-n,erst;t];;    T^^  -^-o.  to  conve, 

h-ork  contiuuo  on  board  til  '     °'  ^'^""^''  '^'  ^"^ 

former  place,  wh^n  7f  j ^r       '""T  """'  ^'^^  ''''''  -'  ^^^ 

L  «i>.- n..;Trorof  Alt:;' ''''' ''-'  '^'^  --  ^"-  «- 


If; 


Lstcrn  und  NortLi 


LAKE    GEORGK    AND   ITS   8-EAMERS. 
A«./,v„,y),„„  ,,,  ^,^,^,^  ^.^^^^  Hepumean. 

|«8  could  be  dcairod,  nud  everv  t  int  1         ''''/''^^  "'^'^  "»  line 
to  tho  eventlul  oc..  ^.on      A t  afe  ^""'^'■"I'^  ^"  ^""^  '"*««•««» 
Jtlio  invited  guests  and  tho    adk..    nL      n 'f  ^''^'''^  ""»  «'^l"ck 
(dec-k,  vvhde  a  largo  crowd  oSi<  d  u!o  /"\"^"/  ^''°  '"'■^^"rd 
l»n  aniphithoater  around  ti"o  E  of    .    T'""'  "''''''''  ^"««  ^ike 
h-ndows  of  tho  surround^.  l,o  ,ci  wer    "f "     '^'''°  ^"I'''  «"d 
jTwtators.     Tiio  ceremonies  nom'!      T^''  .'^'•'°  "coupled  with 
I'O".  Mr.  Thonias  T  ^i ,  s  tho       n"?\^^^^     ""  announcemcnl 
J.«illi.un  ilenry  Hole        t  ation^^   1  f  ^''«  *'"-•« 

lf«  of  tlio  bell  which  swun"  Von.  ^  V  ""'"^  '*-'"'^>''  *''«  '""'g" 
^^re.  nnl  a  gun  IVom  c"  ul  a^  u>,  r'^??""^  '''"''  ^"^  t^« 
I"  11.0  b,wn  in  front  of  he  i^r  "vi  H?'",  ^"''',  ^'''''  P^^'^^ 
h  of  Hig„,u,  ^ero  so  I  Inied  t  n  S  ""'"^  ^'"'''''  ^^  ««" 
peak  when  its  term  c.une  ii  ?!,„  I.  °  «""  ""^t-"''  ^a'l«J  to 

■^ions  lingered  around  the  molntaKT"'  ""''  '^^^  '''''^'^'^ 
*5  i"<h  to  depart.  '"""ntains  that  surrounded  the  lake 

N^!!S  Hon;.;''i5r  t^JuJr^  '''^'  ^'''''''y  «f  ^^o 

^tlorm  and  delivcu-o  rsiu.r??        "'  "'^'  "'''IT'"'  "Pon  the 
t'iio  substance  '■      "''"'^  '''^'^''''''  "'  ^^l^i^li  the  lollowing 

ntuhito 


M.OW- 


of  a  new  stennier  ih"  " 


olh 


oovor.  tiiko  this 


you  upon  tho  com- 


'Piwrtunity  to  publicly 


Uiiiui  iiiko.     W 


0  would, 


N8:iUoof 


completion  in  m  vhoit 


Kasiou  u  may  not  bo  uninte 


"  period  of  luuo.     I 


l>on  thif 


"•^ting  to  you  to  look  b^ick  ijito 


lU 


tl&  ' 


SA 


282 


PLEAGURB    KXCIREIOKS. 


tlie  history  of  the  s'camers  which  have  hithei'lo  cravcrsofl  this 
lak'  There  nre  many  present  who  are  doubtless  more  familiar 
with  (heir  hislory  than  myself,  but  the  few  facts  we  have  col- 
lected  will  no  doubt  be  interesting  on  the  present  occasion  and 
serve  for  future  reference 

"Previous  to  17(J0  the  Burfiice  of  thia  beautiful  lake  had 
never  be:n  broken  by  any  vessel,  save  the  bark  canoe  of  the 
native  Indian. 

"  From  the  period  of  tlio  French  and  English  wars,  in  17.J0, 
when  only  yawl  gun-boats  and  batteaux  were  employed,  duwn 
to  I8I0,  we, can  lenrn  of  no  boats  having  been  built  or  ^.m, 
upon  the  lake.     During  that  year  Elijah  Dunham,  of  Duu!i  • :,  j 
Bay,  built  a  sloop  called  Qiucnt^ljiiii/  Packtt.     It  was  lu'iit  for 
carrying  luml)er,  and  was  from  sixty  to  seventy  feet  'm  ;r. 

"  In  1817  the  first  steamboat  was  built  on  Lake  Ckmu'^c  It 
was  called  James  Ca/diite//,  and  was  built  by  a  conip.iny  of 
individuals  at  Ticonderoga,  above  tlie  rapids.  The  Jaim.s  Laid- 
well  made  a  trip  through  the  lake  on  one  day  and  rctunu'd  ou  j 
the  next.  She  started  from  the  dock  called  the  Harris  Dock, 
just  below  the  Lake  House.  The  travel  was  so  smull  tlmt  tiiel 
boat  did  not  pay.  She  was  burnt  at  the  dock  in  front  of  the! 
Lake  Iloui-e,  and  no  veSvigo  of  her  remains. 

"In  1821  the  steamer  Jfonnttiiiutr  was  built,  to  take  tboj 
place  of  the  .htmi.i  Vuhlin-ll,  by  .John  Baird  and  Capt,  .laii.izelj 
yherman.  of  Vergennes,  Vermont.  i\lr.  Baird  then  owiu'd  thol 
Lake  House.  This  boat  ran  until  IHoO^  when  she  rottod  down,! 
nnd  her  wreck  now  Lcs  in  Lake  tJeorge.  abuvo  the  r  ip  ds  .ul 
Ticonderoga  Her  machinery  was  taken  out  and  put  into  thel 
H'ilikini  Cdlilwell,  which  boat  succeeded  the  .Mount uinctrA 
The  Cahlu-fll  was  one  hundred  and  two  feet  long  and  twenty-j 
five  feet  wide  on  deck.  She  was  commenced  in  March.  ](^U7,| 
ui\d  completed  in  .August  of  tho  s.uue  year.  She  laii  eight! 
miles  per  hour,  and  made  one  trip  up  an'l  (h»wn  th;)  lakcj  daily. I 
Kho  was  abandoned  in  18.')(>,  and  what  remains  of  her  now  hesi 
in  the  covo  just  below  tho  Lake  House. 

"  In  181U  tho  John  Jai/  was  built  at  Ticonderoga  (at  (he  foot! 
of  tho  lake)  by  Mr.  John  Jay  Harris.  Sho  was  tiiree  years  inl 
building,  and  cost  froni  twenty-live  to  twenty-eii;ht  tliousaihll 
dollars.  The  hull  was  built  by  Ferris  Collyer ;  Diin'.'.im  al 
Company  wore  tho  engineers.  She  was  one  hundred  an  I  (.ityl 
two  feet  long  nnd  twenty-four  feet  wide,  and  purchased  Irmn 
Mr.  J(din  J.  Harris  in  IH't:)  by  the  Like  (leorge  .Steumbtmlj 
Company  lor  eighteen  thousand  dollarn.  This  company  wai 
org[inize<l  January  1  Uh.  18,j4.  TIiIh  boat  ran  from  iliat  tiui(| 
t^  IBiitJ,  when  bUo  was  Imrnetl  on  tho  2'.»th  day  of  Jul),  IWilj 
near  Hague,  on  the  lower  part  of  tho  lake,  when  romulnig  tiif 
p(nut  cullud  Anthony's  Kuso-lhe  lamcntublo  partiuularn  of] 


plh:asurs  excursions. 


263 


•ilo  below  Ilagus.  '""''  "'  '■''''  '"""-SO.  "boul  one 

Caldwell,  New  Vork  nn    L  ?  T  ,  ^  ''^   ^ovember,  185G,  at 
hull  was"  bui     by  kola'couvt    7'  1  ^.^"^f  ^'''^'-     ^'^' 

reesol  is  one  Imndml  nnd  forfv Xf  i.        /'  "  "g''*-    This 
breadth  of  beam  for  v  fluir  fI7        i    ?"^'  '^'^nfy-lbur  feet 

[dollars.        ^  ^'''''-     ^*  ^°«^  '^bout  tweu(y-«ix  thousand 

i«th  his  rod  eap'and'lvatUosnake""''^'"''  ''"^  ^^  '  ^^^^  ^'^•^'' 

,cn.pties  into  the  Mississ  nnfH  f   '"  'V''^''^'  ""  "  «''*«''">  that 
|F.ill8of  St.  Anthony        ^^*  ^'''''"'  ^'^''^  ^'^'^"'"S  ^^J  the 

f.  in'^^ruitiriTvotiit^us^sLr  fr°""^'^^''  ^'^"  ^r-^- 

«n<l  a  g„n.  Mr  Clnik  noxf  i"^^  i  "^^  '•'«?^ng  <^f  the  bell, 
Tifo  of  tho  worThy  pronrfetor  Tt^lT\  u' T;.  ^*'""'^''  ""'«'  tl'" 
who  stopped  upon  tRSm  „n  .n"'*  r  '"'"'"  "^'"'-^  "«'«^' 
broke  tho  bottle  A  bom., ^f  ,'"'''"''*''"«  *"  """'^'n*  "S'^go. 
ribbons,  having  hlnlTrlnTI'^T'  ^"^""'''.^  *'«^^'^'«I  ^'t^ 
»ribbontotholla2-8,atf  A  r«  .'  '"'^^''I'.ks  and  attached  by 
•ad  its  co«t.J,t  "Minified  n^n^';;''  k"''\'^  ."" '  '^  ^'"«  ^'''^kon. 
•l-outs  of  the  mull  tudi?,-  *'•'"  ^7  ?*^  •''"  ^^'^''^^'•-  ""'i'l  the 
k  «lio  Kun  fro  u  e  hot!  nM^"«  "^  *''°  ^^'"'  ""''  "'o  nound 
«otiee  was  g  vcrtrthrc-  owd  t '7°'"''"'':'  '1"«  concluded. 

UtlyHlidintot^^ocJ^r?'  T^'""''  ".''«  heiu.tilul  Htoamer 
k  would  have  m^Vod  m  IM  '■■"  ''''7"  f'"'  ''^  •'"«"'"«''  ♦"  «"»*. 
lot  been  thrown'^  Sh  T  ,  f  "'"V'"  '"•*"  '■*"  *''«  nnelu-r  had 
k  1  :.kV  n  i  afely  oS  \^T«^1  'f  »'"'"'  «''e  n.iddlo  of 
hlliam  ilenrv  no;j^^.'?b"!J"!.„^^L.^i''!:''/.'«  ^'•"f  cf  the  Fort 

|«n  be  built  •>  ^  '"•^'  '""^  '^  con.niodious  a  steamer  m 

For  a  further  description  of  Lako  George,  eto  .  boo  pagol87 


liiniiiii 


m '  1 


284 


PLSASITRK    EXCURSIONS 


On  leav.'ng  Lako  George  for  Saratoga  Springs,  Troy,  Albany, 
or  New  York,  pnsscngera  aro  oonyeyed  fourteen  miles  by  stage, 
poBsing  through  the  romantic  village  of  Glkn's  Falls,  where 
Is  a  beautiful  cascade,  being  one  of  several  falls  occurring  on 
the  upper  waters  of  the  Hudson  River,  here  a  rushing  torrent 
alternately  gliding  through  mountain  passes,  and  then  plung- 
ing  over  a  rocky  surface  into  the  plain  below. 

MoREAu  Station,  opposite  Fort  Edward,  situated  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Hudson,  is  the  place  where  passyngers  take 
the  cars  of  t;ho  Saratoga  and  Whitihall  Railroad,  and  from 
thence  proceed  southward  to  Saratoga  Springs,  a  farther  dis- 
tance of  ]  5  miles. 

Starting  from  Saratosi^t  Sprviss  the  tourist  can  proceed  to 
Albany,  via  Schenectady,  or  Troy,  a  still  farther  distance  of  32 
miles.  On  arriving  at  Troy  or  Albany,  the  traveler  has  the 
choice  of  proceo<ling  by  railroad  to  Boston  or  J\''ew  York,  or 
proceeding  direct  to  the  latter  city  b ;  steamers  navigating  the 
tide-waters  of  th«  Hudson  lliver,  for  a  distance  of  150  miles  I 
above  the  city  of  Now  York. 

For  a  further  description  of  Routes  from  Now  York  to  Sara- 
toga Springs,  Luke  George,  etc.,  see  Hudbon  River  Guiue. 


ifl 


APPENDIX 


TO 


SECOXD  EDITIOS, 

TRIP  THROUGH  THE  LAEES,  ETC. 


|('r  ll,at  „f  St.  Join,  w  1  .h  oH^l'.ni'v  L  11,''^"'  ",'";"'  ''"'  «>"'«"fJ«'4 
|pv..rnrn(.„t,  ns  u  oolo.iy  t  ir^'o  ,  Lm  volV  In*"  ^'"'"""^  "  ""'P'"-"* 
Ik'lh  I^r.n,ilo.s,an.linit,  A^U.  C  m^W  :^^^^  '/"^  '"  "»  K^""'"* 
I  ot  more  ttiuu  u  mil,.  wUlo  ;  an.!  Its  oo««t ,     lin.     Jfi    '"  '""'  '''"""  "  •■ 

|«iinat(.  is  inlhirr  am  Im.nn^  r  .  .1  .  ?'"'  '"''"''""I'll-  tliroiighout.  ThJ 
|»ttl*uro  romurkubk"'         '  "^^  "'"^  '""«"vliy  of  iui  intaabtt 


iiii' ! 


IPII 


286 


APPENDIX. 


the  narro-w  Strait  of  Canso,  only  n  mile  wide,  is  a  bundled 
milos  long,  eighty-five  wide,  and  two  hundred  and  sevcnty-fivd 
in  circumference.  The  Bras  d'  Or,  a  navigable  lake,  nearlvl 
divides  it  in  two.  It  contains  extensive  coal-fields,  brine-l 
springs,  largo  and  conimodioua  harbors,  a  superabunclnnce  of 
fish,  and  superior  land  for  tillage.  Mr.  Haliburton,  closing  his 
observations  on  the  island,  says :  "  Let  the  poor,  unemployed! 
man  seek  it,  where  God  has  given  him  good  soil  to  cuUivato] 
coal  for  his  fuel,  Mi  for  his  food,  and  salt  to  cure  it." 

Of  jVora  Scotia  Mr.  Haliburton  speaks  in  a  very  favorabla 
manner.     It  contains  10,000  squaio  miles.     It  abounds  in  minJ 
oral  riches— coal,  iron,  gypsum,  slate,  grindstone,  lead,  man-^ 
ganese,  copper,  etc.     At  a  short  distance  from  the  coa.st  theL 
land  is  of  (>  superior  quality,  and  some  portions  of  incxhaust-l 
ible  fertilit;^.     On  the  'dUt  December,  1850,  the  number  of  ves-P 
sels  owned  and  registered  in  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia  was 
-',701,  of  163,092  tons.     The  value  of  fish  tal<en  was  largelj 
over   $1,000,000.    The  quantity  of  coul  raised  was   l]r),OCO, 
chaldrons,  all  of  which   may  now  be  calculated  at  a  muchl 
higher  ratio.     There  is,  however,  a  rare  advantage  which  Nova 
Scotia  possesses,  namely,  that  the  harbor  of  Halfax  is  less  fre-i 
quently  b  ocked  up  with  ice  than  any  harbor  in  North  America  L 
Suoh  an  event  seldom  occurs,  and  when  it  docp,  is  never  of  long! 
duration.  I 

A"(  u!  Brunswick  contains  an  area  of  about  30,000  squnrel 
miles,  and  is  as  large  as  Ireland.  Ita  population  is  2('O.l)00,[ 
Its  surface  Is  undulating,  diversified  with  lakes,  rivers,  ardi 
noble  Ibrests.  The  river  St.  John  is  450  miles  long,  ami,  with| 
its  tiibnturies,  drains  s^'vontoen  milliona  acres  in  New  15runs- 
wick,  tlie  8tatc  of  Maine,  and  Canada.  Our  space  will  not  per-i 
mit  our  following  Mr.  Haliburton  through  his  descriptions  of  I 
New  Biunswick,  its  vast  mineral  treasures,  liarbors,  rouda.l 
markets,  ciucs,  towns,  etc.  He  says  great  ignorance  prevnilsl 
in  (ircat  Britain  relative  to  this  splendid  Trovincc,  only  i'qua!c(l| 
by  tliat  young  lady's  knowledge  of  botany  who  declarwl  shel 
know  th.;  names  of  two  fiowers  only--"  Aurora  Borealis"'  an>ll 
'  i>(.'iir.um  I'remens."'  I 

Cuihii:;!  proper,  according  to  Mr.  Haliburton,  is  1.000  inilofll 
hmjr,  \»'i(h  nii  avcrngo  breadth  of  li'.O  miles,  being  one  tlrrfil 
biigyr  than  l-rfinee  or  I'russia,  and  three  times  as  large  asj 
(iroai.  Br.ta.u  and  Ireland.  It  contaiua  an  area  of  o50,0(j0| 
square  ni,k,s,  or  -.MO.OOO.UOO  of  acres.  M'iili  reganl  to  tliel 
li.'iilth  of  ('iinada,h''  gives  the  following  comparative  statemfull 
••f  tiic-  prt  pertliia  of  di-aih.s  to  popuiatiou  ;  i'Tunce,  i  to  4iij| 
Bpa.a,  i  to -JO;  iingland,  1  to  4(i;  United  States,  1  to  74;  Up-f 
jver  Canada,  I  h.  ](;'  Tho  population  of  the  Unitwl  States,  inl 
fifty  years  from  the  year  1800,  increased  from  6,805,1)25  tol 


APPJCNDIX. 


287 


Ippulation  nicreasod  ten  times-Vilf  1' ''[/^'"^y  ^eais,  the 
r  t^^f  ^iioie  United  States,  u  thi  C  .  ""^^'  *''«  '"«'-t'a«e 
Pe  wlioat  crop  of  the  United  s"vi    •       ^^•'^''*'  P^-^ceding  1805 

W  Canada  on  the  Ist  January  18?4,^v^h'  a  ^^'°  *°'"^  ""P^'rts 
kulation,  amounted  to  £3  Us  mditl^f.''T''^  »'^»-  ^I'ole 
l-utei  «cate«,  £2  Ts.  Od   to  each  =n  tT^  ^""^"^.dual-Jn  the 

ains  that  tiie  five  VvovmoJTiyi\a  Jt  ^"'^^^^-i-  ifc  com- 
Uaunon  interests,  no  po  ver'  'o  "  ,2"?;^"  ^^^"  '  of  union, 
hingcrs,  no  voice  in  the  regulation  nf„  ^  ^^JT-ressions  of 
>ed  m  ,var  without  thoirTn^T ,t'^''''  ^^'e-^re  in- 
l«r  being  consulted- that  tVv  h  u-f  n?  '°"'=^'^'^«'l  without 
frhnment,  nor  delegates  in  ih^.rJ    -^  rl,  ^«'P''&'^Gntatives  in 

K  has  been  cedfd  avv.V'wi  ^  ^  U^^^^ 
f  8  this  state  of  thing.,  can  noT  hst-t  ./  h  "''°''°*'  •^"''  «e 
bv.z.:  Ist.  Anno.4tion  TtiTlTats  ''^\^'V''V7''^- 
Tthe  Provinces,  Avith  a  Colonial  Rn^rH  *•  n'  ^^''^ral  Union 
fegates  in  Parliament  to  advocate  T'nhn,^'"'"'^^-^'^''*  ^8, 
[tliem  and  them  only.  3d  InoLor  H?'"^  "f '^''  ""'^  ^^te 
Wad  a  fair  share  of  ^epresintatior':^   rV;!)  ' 'r;'^  ^"^ 

EXPORTS  OP  WHEAT  AND  FLOUB 

V-mtS^^^^^^^^^^  Wheat  and  flo,tr  to  foreign 

Navigation  returns?   ^  ^' '''  P^^-^^Iied  in  the  Trade 

Porto. 

Bayfield..  Wheat,  bug.          Flour,  bbls. 

B'antford.  '.'.\\ 166,3i.9                 _ 

tjhippewa ...,""  .\\\' —                 12,492 

C'oaticook . .        7,777 

Cobourg  .  . . ." _.— ,             108,299 

fTf,  Credit..::; AS               ''"'^"5 

:u. —  1 8.(!47  c/r  ....  M 

•'■"CI- .- uu.tj-.-i. 

fiundas....   •'K^'^  15,1(54 

nville... ^'n'7.^1  f'A'i.J 


Fort 
Port  ill 
Hamiltt 


h   K 


wmL 


,006 


130,300 


288 


APPENDIX. 


Porta.  Wheat,  bus.  Flour,  Vt%. 

London 118,091  - 

Montreal 448,084  189,438 

Osliawa —  10,533 

Newcastle 96,554  — 

OakviUe 282,206 

Quebec 187,193  83.931 

Stamford 189,332  61,990 

Port  Stanley 172,553  — 

Toronto. 1,661,545  83,351 

Whitby 379,756  6,140 

Woodstock 111,986  — 

Other  ports 433,437  35,8o9 

Total  exports 4,997,656  878,775 

V.alac  of  '(vlieat,  £l,744,460~flour,  £1,502.151— total  valuel 
in  dollars,  $12,997,648— nearly  thirteen  millions  of  dollars!! 
Of  this  quantity  $2,103,938  was  sent  to  England,  8689,040  toj 
North  American  Colonies,  and  the  remainder,  nearly  ten  mil-P 
lions,  was  sent  to  the  United  States.  Admitting  that  thesd 
government  statistics  are  correct,  which  it  is  hardly  stfe  to  doJ 
as  they  are  almost  invariably  below  the  mark,  the  Provincial 
export  iB  very  satisfactory.  Comparing  the  past  with  previou 
yoai"3,  the  following  is  the  result : 

Wheat.  Flour.  Value, 

1864  933,756        608,623         £842,620 

im.'. 3,193,748        643,930         2,932,691 

1856 4,997,656        878,775         3,240,912 


RAILWAY  TEAFFIO  IN  CANADA. 

From  a  statement  in  IJcrapnth's  Railway  Journal  wo  lenr 
that  though  the  progress  of  railways  in  Canada  has  not  equalc^ 
that  of  the  Unitetl  States,  yet  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  alonl 
now  number  1,419  miles.     The  increase  ha.s  been  as  follows : 


18-t7. 
1848. 
1849. 
1860. 
1861. 


Miles  oponor!, 

-s. 

30 


Miles  opciici 


42 


1852 

18.')3. 

1851. 

18.55. 

1856. 


The  Canada  Railways  in  operation  arc,  miles 141^ 


APPENDIX.  ggg.., 

Railway  TRWFic—Cotitinued. 

Miles  opci    n  Upper  and  1 
Buffalo  and  Lake  Huron . .  '^""'^ '  ^'"''tf' 

Champl  lin  and  St.  Lawrence  .    40 

Cobourg  and  Peterboro' ...                    oq 

Erie  and  Ontario ' f- 

Grand  Trunk  (Canada  portion) '.'. 7a( 

Great  Western ...             iyY.\ 

London  and  Port  Stanley ." 04 

Montreal  and  New  York 07 

Ontario,  Simcoe  and  Huron        qL 

Port  Dalliousie  and  Tliorold....    4 

Port  Hope,  Lindsay  and  Beaverton ...'.' " .' .' .' ' " " ' ."  4* 

'^''•^^^ i~m 

SURVEY  OF  THE  OTTAWA  AND  FEEXCII  EIVEE  EOUTE, 

EXTEXDIXO  FROM  OTTAWA  CITY  TO  LAKE  UtrBOX. 

This  grand  project  of  uniting  the  waters  of  Lake  Huron  and 
the  Ottawa  has  been  recommended  by  the  Provincial  ParUa- 
ment  of  Canada,  and  minute  survey  made  of  the  proposed  route.  . 

[  Wie  report  of  the  engineer  says  : 

I  "  The  old  canoe  route  of  tJio  voi/a,^ews  of  the  northwest  fol- 
iw'^A  T*"  ''^"•^''"*  ^^^^  ""^'^^  above  Ottawa  C?tyo  tt   . 

iKst,  to   ts  head  waters  on  Trout  Lake,  about  40  miles,  it  there 

Zwa  }!.on;'i?'*  1  •^'^'1  ''P"^"""S  tbe  waters  flowing  to  tS 
Ottawa  from  these  tributaries  to  the  Lakes  and  St.  L.-rwrenco 

L,   u1   w//^'?  ^^1f'"S  ridge  maybe  taken  at  three  mSes;  , 
Iml   t  IS  washed  on  tlie  west  side  by  Lake  Nipinsing;  crossin« 

\lL  n  n!  "^''"?  ^i;"""  *'"^  °*°""'  '^f  t^°  Matawan,  where  we 
cave  the  Ot  awa  to  that  of  French  Kiver,  is  about  iL'o  miles-- 
being  a  total  of  305  miles  from  Ottawa  City  "        ' '-^  ™"<^ 

Iho  above  described  route  is  pronounced  perfectly  practicable 
lor  a  sh>p  canal  route.    "  Of  the  180  miles  from  Ottawa  City  to 

lllio  Matawan,  about  85  miles  are  navigated,  in  three  distinct 
ections  by  steamers  of  from  5  to  5J  tbot  draught  of  vrnter 

|jn:.pV.;V,'.uV  i/"- ;■  fo^^'^'^ij^  tiicy  now  a.so;na  liciatr  ."Les  Deux 
IJoachiins  Kapids,  13o  miles  above  the  city  of  Ottawa  "  The 
jengmeei'  adds ; 

j  '■  This  old  canoe  route  is  that  which  will  be  adopted  for  any 
larger  scheme  of  navigation  that  the  growing  wants  of  the  coun- 
try  may  require  to  be  perfected  by  the  valley  of  the  Ottawa." 


i 


290 


APPENDIX. 


EXTRACTS  FPvOM  REPORTS,  ESTIMATEd,  ETC.,  RELATl  E  To| 

IMPROVEMENTS  OP  THE  NAVIGATION  OF  TUE  RIVER 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  1856. 

RAPIDS   OF   THE    ST.   1.AWRENCE    HIVER. 

Estimates  of  cost  of  procuring  a  navigable  cbannol  through 
out  the  whole  of  the  Rapids  of  the  river  Gt.  Lawrence,  fron 
Prescott  to  the  head  of  the  Lachine  Can  \,] ,  by  removing  thg 
obstructions ;  that  channel  to  be  200  feet  wJde,  and  between  12 
and  13  feet'deep  at  low  summer  water  : 

Feet.    In.         Eft.  CdUti 

.  Galops  Rapids  (Isle  au  Galops  to  Point  Iroquois)..  14  9  £ll,m 

2.  Rapid  Plat 11  6  J 

8.  Lon?  Sault  (North  Channel) 4S  0  1T,19^ 

4.  Coti-au  Rapids  (Lake  8t  Francis  to  Pte.  au  Diable)  1  (  40,:W{ 

f.  Cedar  Rapids  ^Pte.  au  Diable  to  Pte.  au  Moulin)..  V84  0  <  l.',5 

6.  Cascade  liapids  (Pte.  au  Moulin  to  Lake  St.  Louis)  J  ( 9!i,T0j 

7,  Lachine  Rapids 44  9  — 

Total 203     0      £180,00(1 

It  results  from  the  examination  made  by  the  undersignedj 
and  upon  which  they  have  the  honor  of  reporting  above : 

Ist.  That  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  its  present  condition! 
may  be  considered  navigable,  during  low  summer  water,  froitf 
Prescott  to  the  foot  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  for  vessels  drawinJ 
eight  feet;  also,  through  Lake  St.  Louis,  for  -vessels  drawing 
eight  fciet  or  even  ten  feet,  and  between  Lake  St.  Francis  anq 
St.  Louis  for  vessels  drawing  six  feet,  and  during  the  highej 
stages  of  water  by  vessels  respectively  of  a  somewhat  heavieJ 
draft,  however,  not  exceeding  8i  and  6i  feet. 

2d.  That  to  make  it  perfectly  navigable  throughout,  fron 
Prescott  to  the  head  of  the  Lachine  Canal,  for  vessels  drawing 
ten  feet,  will  require  the  removal  of  obstructions  in  the  Galopj 
Kapids,  the  north  channel  of  the  Long  Sault,  the  Coteau,  Ccdaij 
and  Cascade  Rapids.  f 

8d.  That  the  practicability  of  removing  those  obstructions  H 
means  of  sub-marine  blasting,  etc,  has  been  ascertained  bl 
nctuiil  e.vperimr  in  dilfercnt  portions  of  the  Coteau  Riipiddj 
and. 

4th.  That  the  cost  of  the  whole  improvement  will  not  excee| 
X  180,000,  or  $720,000. 

(Signed)  B.  Maillefert,  )  Engineers. 


■South  or  Am 


APPENDIX. 


291 


3.,  BEL  ATT  E  T0| 
?  TUE  KIVEB 


jliannol  through! 

Lawrence,  fron 

by  romoving  thaj 

,  and  between  IS 


203     0       £180,01 

;lie  undersignedj 
ing  above : 

resent  condition! 

imer  water,  from 
vessels  drawind 
vessels  drawina 
St.  Francis  and 

iring  the  highej 

imcwhat  heaviei 

liroughout,  fror 

vessels  drawinJ 

ms  in  the  Galopj 

le  Cotcau,  Codar 

e  obstructions  hi 
I  ascertained  bl 
!  Cotoau  Kiipidiil 

t  will  not  excecl 


RAPIDS,  ISLAiros,  ETC..  BETWEEN  PREdCOlT  AN"  .  MON- 
TEEAL,  GIVING  TUE  DISTANCES  FiBOM  PEESCOTT. 
■South  or  American  Side. 

IwDENSBURGH. 
§\ortfiern  Jiai/road. 
Jumney  Idands,  5  miles. 


JTibbet's  Island,  G  miles, 
(le  aux  Galops,  7  miJes. 

-ong  Point. 
^apid. 
bgden's  Island,  18  miles. 

TfiDDINGTON. 

f'oose  Neck  Island,  24  miles. 
Irysler's  Island,  27  miles. 
jtat  Island,  31  milea 
Jioyles  Island, 
-ong  Sault  Island,  3G  miles. 

Long  Sault 

iarnhart's  Island. 
}^pids. 

>  degrees  N.  lat. 

It.  Rkgis, 

iquaw  laland,  61  miles. 

L.VKE 

2  to  6  miles 


B. 


s' 
o 

o 

fi 

O 

cr 

a 

a 


North  or  Canada  Side. 
PRE.SCOT'f, 

Ottawa  and  Prescoft  R. 
Isle  aux  Moutons. 
Drummond's  Isknd. 
Duck  Mand. 

G^'ops  Rapid?. 
Port  Cardinal,  10  miles. 
Tousson's  Island,  12  miles 
Port  Iroquois,  14  miles. 

Rapid  Plat. 

Williamsburg. 
Chrysler's  Farm. 


Cat  Island. 

I  Farren's  Point,  33  miles. 
i  Dickinson's  Landing,  38  m. 
\  Rapids,  40  miles. 
\  Sheek's  Island,  41  miles 
I  Rapids. 

Cornwall  Island. 

Cornwall,  50  miles. 

St.  Regis  Island,  53  miles 

Butternut  Island. 

St.  Francim, 

in  width. 

Cote.*  <j  du  Lac,  80  miJea. 


I!'   1 


ill! 


1 1    I 
■Tl  '  • 


\\\mm 


Ml       I 
'I      . 


¥1 


292 


APPENDIX. 


North  Side. 

Maclntyre  Island. 
Maple  Mand. 

Coteau 

Thorn  Island. 

Pig  Island. 

Broad  Island,  84  miles. 

La  Pierre  Island. 

Isle  a  TAil. 

Cedar 

St.  Timotijy. 
Isle  aux  Noix. 

Split  Rock  River. 

Cascade 

Beauhabnois,  96  miles. 
Mouth  of  Ottawu  River. 

Lake 
4  to  8  miles 
Caughnawaga, 
Montreal  Sf  JVcw  York  R.R. 

Lachine 

Isle  aux  DIahle. 
La  Pbairie. 

Victoria 
St  Helen's  Island. 


South  Sid2. 

Giroux  Island. 
French  Island. 
Eapids,  82  miles. 

Fish  Island. 
Prisoner's  Island. 
Isle  aux  Vachos. 
Cedar  Village,  90  miles. 

Eapids. 

Isle  aux  Quacks. 
Isle  de  la  Grande  Chute. 
Pointe  aux  Moulin. 
Round  Island. 
Rapids,  94  miles. 
Isle  aux  Cascades. 
Isle  Perrot. 
St.  Louis, 
in  width. 

Lachine,  112  miles. 
Lachine  Railroad, 
Rapids,  110  miles. 
Isle  aux  Heron. 
Nun's  Island. 
Bridge, 
MONTREAL,  122  milea 


♦ 


APPENDIX. 


293 


ST.  LAWEENCE  AND  CDAMPLAIN  SHIP  CANAL. 
As  the  improvement  of  the  Rapids  of  St.  Lawrence  Rivpr 
to  connection  with  the  proposed  St.  Lawrence  and  C    J^S 

nlZ'  ";  °'  *''  ^"'^*"*  ^"P°^*--  *o  *^°  commerced 
to  h  the  Canadas  as  well  as  the  United  States,  we  sulvjoin  the 
following  extracts,  reported  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Canada  dunng  the  2d  session,  5th  Parliament.  1856 :         "^ 

of  -?d'r:rb£™^xro?  twot.^-  ^'T  r^'  ^^^^ «« ^-* 

with  banks  lOfeet  hi^h  nn,l  .,1    ,  rj'?°*''^  ^"^  «"«  vertical. 

11  feet  depth  of  water  and  is?  f'''^  '°  ""'^•"'^^y  *™««  ^r 

be  unusual  high  vSr'  in  the  W  w ''^'°°'  l^''''  ""^''^  "^^7 

Ibe  used  with  lli  feet  of  water     fliif?  1"^  ^^'^  ^^^'^^'  *» 

outheclearbctwS  the  eftes^nd '«?'/' -H"  ^^?  ^"-^^^  ^«»g' 

less  depth  of  water  on  ufo.niV!'''*  •','?  ^??*  ^'^,'''  ^i'^'  on^  fo^t 

hater  in  the  canal  •"'  ''"'  ^^'^'^  *^°^°  ^s  <Jepth  of 

na^iglttn  S'tif^.tlo^^:^'^'^^^^^^^  'f  ™P--"S  the 
Jabout  40  miles.  iS  route  Jin,  h?'^'"'''  ^''  "^  '^''^^'"'^  ^^ 
land  dam  at  St  Ours     Tnfnl   f  t^^^  ™Proyement  of  the  lock 

|o8  miles.     Estimat^d'cosl^^S./ffi^'^""^  ''•  '^^^'^"^  ^«  ^orel. 

|4'>fe?c:iaKcr;;?^';S.faind:r  K"f  J^  ^^°"^'  ""^  ^^l'^" 

(oi^teMon.cal),.B,rKf^i:^i;l':Sry^SS^^ 

^.g  n;;:lnate'S''ifr/,^£*,^;S-Wy  Canal  and  build- . 

I'^aga  (above  AIontrealK  sT^s , rU^f^w  ^1^  Caughna- 

Icost,  !!>3,706,2;]0.  '  ^thamplain  level).   Esumated . 

ia;;ntXectiiSf.J;rh\\^Tj^^^^^^^       J«'-  to  CaugLnawa-  - 
nois  Canal.  25^  n^iC^^trralKstl'o?!?^^       ^^""^^^- 

andtKtent^^^^^^  'O'*^'  ^ve  ascending..  I 

leanal.     The  d  rect  lino  m„.H       °^  v '^^  '"'^^^  1°^^  length  of 
^t  Lawrence^,  J'°d  win  ;ruto,T^^^  ^'^'''  ^''"^  "^^  ,  ' 

h,  feeder  w.ll  enter  tlec?nal.f„.'^,  ^^'  '"''^^«  "^  l«"Sth.     ' 
[he  terminus  nt  r-uH  n.w         ''*.,*.  P"'"*  'I'^O"*  fourmik-s  from  , 
|eaugl,na'.vnga"ifl  abot   onI"„mi  „  {''f/"^J--"'ce  into  tlie  lock  at , 
Imd "ferry  wharf     'Al^s  t h  '  n  '^'^^^  ""!•;«  ''^^^^  the  railroad 
|entrance:wi?hdep.l  of  water  anr''-r°*  "^^  ^^*'^^''  '^  go""!  ^ 
hod.     The  ^^^^^S^\:^£Zil^^^ 


m 


Ifmi: 


II.,  :i' 


.94 


APPKNDIX. 


that  Will  bo  required;  very  safe,  and  by  means  of  a  small  is]. 
and  immediately  above,  very  capacious  accommodation  may  bo 
made,  at  mod-rate  expense  for  the  lumber  trade,  in  chancing 
from  the  river  to  the, canal,  as  well  as  for  vessels,  in  their  tran- 
bit  between  river  and  canal." 

In  order  to  make  the  above  magnificent  improvements  avail- 
able to  the  city  of  New  York  and  the  Union  at  large,  it  would 
require  a  Ship  Canal  to  bo  constructed  from  Whitehall  to  Al- 
bany  or  Hudson,  a  total  distance  of  about  90  miles. 

When  tlie  united  wisdom  and  capital  of  Canada  and  the  United 
States  shall  have  completed  this  great  work,  then  may  we  see 
vessels  of  oqe  thousand  tons  burden  or  upward  loading  at  the 
different  ports  on  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  sailing  direct  fvr  Mon- 
treal*  or  New  York,  and  from  either  of  the  above  .sea-ports 
proceed  direct  to  the  different  ports  on  tho  Atlantic  or  Tacific 
oceans. 


•  The  Lachint  Canal,  8)  miles  In  length,  would  have  to  be  enlarged  to  j 
the  Bamo  dimensions  as  tho  proposed  St.  Lawrence  ond  Champlaln  CanaL  I 


APPENDIX. 


295 


§ 


THE  VICTOniA  BRIDGE  AT  MONTREAL 
Thk  preparation  for  the  erection  was  enormous    savs  th« 
Canada  correspondent  of  the  C'cairr  ■  ^     ^ 

which  this  way  for  thJ  ln!.r3  ' ''°  *^®  ihanien,  over 

giant  St.  Lawinc  /a  Hv.^^t  ut  'd"ri' h'!  '''''"^^"'  »^^'  "'« 
huccessive  seas  that  i^ch  to  >^     ''^^        p*^'f  ?^"'°'  ''"'^  »>y  the 
taught  in  the  gorge  ofTl\i:^",^r^^^^^^  ^'"  ^'^'-'^  river 

and  its  education  not  fb  goU^^^^^^  ^^  *'"«  ''^PiJs. 

jv.  th.  an  iron  road  o.^S^^'l^-^S^  ^ ^^^^ 

f /^h  Jti!^!;?  ;:;'5:;^'^^sr<;;'^r';v7^*-r-  -  °^ 

IchinatoHuchasthis  fonno,!  i  •  -y'-whcn  the  ico  of  a 
widening  of  the  HveV  TuTL  rr;.!!.-,  "  if  ''T''  'i"^'"'  "^ 
in  mass  by  the  accumulatLn  rtl  »  <  '  ^I'C"  thus  taken  up 
in  the  descent  of  the  "an  r^t  U^i  *'"«'"'"'«  V"*  '"-^  ''''"ken 
terrible  current  ko  Z  -i  ^"'<''"""'  ^""'^s  down  riding  the 
work  must  bo  nSgir^-^^^;  r^Jjjr'  "^f  «'-'oture  of  .^an's 
ber  ever  so  heavy,  and  thcknininf*  ^^1^'^  V*  ''■*'"'''  ^''^  tim- 
of  a  taneO.rake!  ^-  ich  wou  1  ?,f  I  '.^'' hr  '^''^^''«  i"f>-i'--acie8 
attack.  This  must  Z^u<^^''Z.^T"  "'''  ^'^'«««»ding 
nver  must  bo  resDcctod      I    ".  . .    '.         "'"  commerce  of  the 

hpn"g.iuusMi.ebridg;Lph.cSd     '  '^"  '''^"'-■"  """'^  «^  ^''^ 

»iopo  a.  t,>  ")«kVuI  ;i;  i',,!' ;  Vice  I''  1  ''r  ";.!r-'^^  «"^''  ^ 

ment  is  a  great  work  in  s  If  , nd  i  f  f  1  ""'•  ?'''"*  '''"'^'^"k- 
»tep.  In  The  river  24  n  «■«  mI  .  I  .*-'"'"  ^"'^  '"  ^''°  »<-'^t 
P'edictiou.  I  U.ink  the  tmiris  u  ,  n  i"''  ..  ^'  '*  ^"«  «^»  in 
of  the  engi„n.r  as  at  the  h  v  dr  .  T"  "^  ^''^  ^'■''''  «"•*""'■««« 
tbeso  pio^s.  these  fbundati  Z  t^'l^thL"'  r"^"'^^*,  ..""'  "^ 
14  m  jirogress.  loavinir  4  fi>..  .  '"^"'a"-  '••  ure  built,  and 

wail,  ten  .Jum.'ind  "      "in  J  Jda  '  i''^^  "*"  ""  """™-^ 

"•ir  ba.o.  and  so  angled    1  u^  f    j   '''.''■'-''^    ''*'    "  ^'''^^^  «t 

sloi'o,  and.  broken  at  the  .^^,1     in    t'''*^  '""  '  ''''^'^  "P  «'« 

in'  Idock.  on  either  s  de     fu      '     '  !      ''^'  ""V"'"*^'  «''  ""«8- 

k;;::'a;;:r;^^'s.-fi-i;rfc^^ 

himd  can  construct.  '''''  luvulucrablo  aa  human 


ill! 


m 


296 


APPENDIX. 


I  am  glad  to  have  seen  them  in  this  unfinishcu  condition 
for  arch  ol  tJ,e  Hon.an  age  can  not  furnisli  more  of  U.e  beauty 
of  the  graceful  with  the  ponderous  than  tlicse  great  structuri 
Bentmelmg  this  mighty  river.  At  each  end  of  the  bSe^ 
tube  ,s  securely  placed,  and  a  just  judgment  of  the  bridge  caJ 
be  formed  ,n  an  e,;ammation  of  these.  I  presume  the  idea  S 
most  of  us  concerning  a  tube  to  be  used  as  a  bri.Ig.  is  that  of 

PvlTnT  '  Ti"  ^'^^  r  "  ^"^?  "^  '^  toh^cove,  an  enorn.ous  h-o„ 
cy  inder.  The  reality  is  that  they  approach  the  squ.re  Z 
TZil  '?',^;?  with  sides  of  height  gvLtev  than  tl^  bre'ad  { 
of  top  and  bottom,  the  iron  of  the  bottom  thickened  at  the  os 
tremities,  that  of  tlie  top  made  strongest  at  the  center,  to  resisJ 
ah  e  coinpressun  and  elongation.  The  effects  of  boat  and  hZ 
nreforeseen  and  the  sunshine  is  given  room  sufficient  for  i 
daily  sport  w,(h  the  metal  by  the  use  of  rollers.  Thoroudly 
painted,  with  its  rivets  iu  line,  its  ridges  at  intorvala,  close  and 
secure,  it  seems  like  a  long  saloon. 

«'  Four  more  of  (hose  tubes  are  to  be  laid  in  this  year's  work 
It  must  be  reco  lected  that  it  is  only  from  May  to  November 
tliat  work  can  be  done,  for  a  Montreal  winter  is  no  time  fori 
T^Z'  ^'";-<l""r  employment     Twelve  hundred  men  are  era- 
pioyert.      I  he  preparations  for  every  department  of  the  work 
would  suthce  fur  the  enrrgies  of  most  communities.     To  build 
in  this  dap  rapid  the  coff.-rdttms,  in  which  working  as  se  u.ely 
as  il  m  a  mountain  sha;t,  the  masonry  is  laid,  is  of  the  mo^^  i 
arducus  undertakings.     All  manner  of' anchorage  is  ne.-''Jary  ! 
ami  with  tlic.e.  with  groat  cribs,  and  piles,  and  whatever  eh^ 
can  bind  an.l  hold,  the  contest  is  unceasing.     If  the  pier  ill! 
go  up  the  river  will  g„  down,  and  it  is  only  the  surem.premuoy 

0  patient  perseverance   that   brings   the.se  great  mass -s  of 
clenched  masonry  to  the  surface.     Waeu  the  Ibundation  stones 
are  once  laid,  six  weeks  sufhoe  for  the  construction  of  a  pier 
Men  work  steam  works,  and  wheels  and  cylinder  will  lift,  audi 
tug,  and  build,  when  human  arm  would  weary,  and  human 

llvlll  b    I  fill,  I 

"Great  frameworks  of  solid  timber  arc  tenmirarlly  built  up. 
and  on  those  iho  platci  are  brought  for  the  tubiss  and  the 
rivders  .,0  their  work;  no  fragile  scalf  Iding  where  there  is  s 
•-onrtanl  limitation  of  the  labor  by  the  insecurity,  but  a  firm 
Uoor  18  made,  and  the  clinking  hammer  swings  clear  and  tull. 

1  he  sides  are  put  together  iu  the  workshops  on  the  .s!.<,ro,  ami ' 
lUe  next  tube  finds  tlie  proper  arrangements  ready  for  coai. 
plotc  union  with  the  one  already  placed.     Each  fubo  wei»l,.l 
«Dout  trnue  iiundrod  tons,  and  the  spin  is  LMO  feot,  the  ceul 
ones  to  be  greater,     Kven  now.  incomplete  and  unfmishod.  t 

Victorm  l)iidgo'  takes  rank  as  the  ii.blcst  structure  of  o 
this  continent  has  within  it." 


C.    L.   BEACH,   FROFRIBTOZl. 


This  favorite  Summer  Resort  is  now  open  for  the  recention 
of  v..tors     The  buiUiin,  is  200  feet  fro'nt,  wit.,  a  wL?    0 
et.  and  three  stories  high.     A  splendid  colonnade  extends 
[along  the  front  of  the  main  building 

It  is  situated  12  miles  from  the  village  of  Catskill.  upon  the 

,212  f  et  above  tide- water ;  the  Hound  Top,  the  highest  peak 
[bemg  elevated  3,804  feet.  ^      ' 

I  f  °;';"'  n«^°mn'odation  of  visitors,  the  Messrs.  B.ach  have 

«tabl,she<    a  line  of  stages  in  connection  with  the  "ud  o„ 
River  day  ,„,,,,  ,,„  ^^.^j,,^  ^,  ,j_^  ^^^^^^^^^^  <iBon 

t         T".  """•     '''''  "•^^•°  ">-  -^^•^•=«»^«'l  a  steam  er^y 
between  Catskill  Landing  and  Oak  Hill  Station,  for  tho  bettor 
accommodation  of  passengers  by  railroad 
Their  A.KNT  will  bo  found  at  all  ti.nes.  at  tho  Steamboat 
and,ng  and  at  tho  Hudson  Iliver  Railroad  Station.  Oak  Hill 

|to  assist  passengers,  take  charge  of  baggage,  etc. 

iun;'ct.;r:bie!"  u\:  i?'':^it':^^,  v-  ^^^  -*  ^ 

itho  almost  iiiiM.u;udo'pi^poS^;rfr;.;!;''''H;^i:;,u"  justko  to 

•orld  and  .t«  concerns.     Y„u  sco  nothing  abuio  or  CoJJd 


^!^l 


lii 


ill 


'HI 


298 


CATSKILL    MOUNTAiKS. 


you— all  is  below— even  the  clouds  wheel  and  roll  in  fleecy 
grandeur  at  your  feet.  Forests,  meadows,  harvest  fiol-l^,  plains 
mountains,  rivers,  Inkes,  cottoges,  villafres,  and  citie-  iire  in 
every  direction  A  deep  repose  seems  to  have  sotiled  upon  the 
world.  No  sound  reaches  you,  except  perhaps  tiie  rattle  of 
thunder  from  some  distant  hill,  or  the  sweet  song  of  tlio  moun- 
tain  bird  upon  the  tree  beneath  you. 

"  The  South  and  North  IMountains  are  peaks  a  short  distance 
from  the  liouse.  affording  different  nnd,  if  possible,  slUl  more 
mngnificent  views  Good  foot  paths  lead  to  these  points  and 
aside  from  tlie  prosp-ot,  the  cool,  bracing  air  rendens  tliesa  and 
many  other  walks  about  the  mountains  invigorating  and  de- 
lightful. ° 

"The  'Cauterskill,'  or  «  Kaaterskill,  Falls'  is  nnother 
wonder  to  bo  seen  at  this  place.      Indeed,  many  pr  fer  tlie 
beauty  here  presented  to  the  view  in  front.     They  me  ahmt 
one  and  a  half  or  two  miles  west  of  the  Mountjiin  Houi^u  to 
which  carringos  run  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors,    'hie 
body  of  water  is  small,  and  comes  from  two  lakes  on  Oio  suiu- 
mit  of  the  mountain.     It  precipitates  itself  over  a  rock  at  tho 
end  of  one  of  the  lakes  to  the  depth  of  one  hundred  iiu  I  eiglity 
feet,  then  runs  about  one  hundred  feet  and  sprinirs  over  uio  bcr 
rock  to  the  d.pth  of  eighty  feet  more.     Tho  descent  to  tlie  bi)t- 
torn  18  perfectly  safe  and  easy.     Steps  are  arrang'd  all  tiic 
way,  and,  although  thousands  yearly  descend  them,  no  ac  j- 
dent  has  ever  happened.*     When  at  the  bottom,  you  .^.zo  wii'.i 
astonishment  and  deliglit  at  tho  wonders  before  you.     Vou  p.s. 
behind  the  water,  and  find  yourself  in  a  cavernous  aiiiiihi- 
theater,  whose  ro  ky  vault  ex  ends  far  in  front,  and  the  railin" 
epray  seems  i,  cur^,ain  of  mist  let  down  at  tho  cntram-e     Ynu 
look  beyond,  and  as  you  see  the  moss-covered  rock  (.rising  t., 
the  very  lioavens  above,  you  seem  to  bo  in  some  d.l Didatea 
cathedral  of  nature,  the  roof  of  which  has  bug  siuco  dib- 
appeared."  *" 


Is  located  iminodiately  above  the  Cauterskill  Falls  ((^nlsKili 
Mountains).  J.  L.  SrnuxT,  proprietor.  This  delighttul :  .unnuT 
resort  i«  Hitu..vt6d  ma  gorge,  amid  tho  most  picturesquo  i.,.rtiou 
of  the  t tttskills.  It  IS  about  ^  miles  from  th..  ••  .Mountnin 
HouM.    be :»g  apprQ-ichsil  hy  a  good  mouataia  road. 

•  An  n<<-I.I(>nl  <.oriirrc(l  at  the  lower  fUll  July  30,"  1860.  wh.-ii  C  U.  1'..-.. 
tor  foil  from  H  ,,ro|,.,.ti„«  rock  Int..  th,.  ahyn,  bol.,;,  «  ,IUn    ,"    ,f  "  .  r  su 

!n  u...  l';;rfur:i;;;ccl;r*'""' """  "'•  "'^''  '''-^'"«  ■''•  •»-  -'"  - """ 


id  roll  in  fleecy 
OHt  ficMs,  plains, 
md  citie.;  are  in 
sotlled  upon  the 
ps  the  rattle  of 
ng  of  the  nioun- 

a  short  distance 
isiblo,  si '11  more 
lesc  points,  and, 
juders  these  and 
orating  nnd  dc- 

'am^s'  is  another 
nany  pr  fer  the 
Thoy  are  about 
intnin  House,  to 
if  visitors.  Tlie 
:e3  on  the  suni- 
M"  a  mck  at  the 
drcd  au  1  eiglity 
igs  over  anohcr 
icenL  to  the  bot- 
iTang;>d  all  the 

them,  no  ac  i- 
,  you  g'lze  wiih 
you.  Vou  puss 
rernous  aniphi- 

and  the  laliin;,' 
cntr,uic(>.  You 
rock  arising  in 
)nio  dil  !})idiiteil 
long  sincu  dis- 


-SIS 

_Fm1],'<  (ralsliill 
ightt'ul ;  uintaer 
iri'squi'  portion 
h<-  "  Mi^iniain 
Olid. 

wlu'ii  0.  1).  I'lis- 

Klliacr  i)f  ,■()  (If  HO 

Juw  uiiil  au  Hrm 


CL 


Is  situat( 
FALLS.  1 
side  of  the  ; 
to  porters  t 


and  departu 

Cx-IFTOX, 


INTI 


Mi 


NIAI 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


CLIFTOi\  HOUSE, 

On  the  Canada  Side, 

Is  situated  directly  in  front  of  the  AMERICAN  and  BRITISH 
FALLS  Visitors  should  Check  their  Baggage  to  the  Canada 
B.de  of  the  Niagara  Suspension  ^..V^..  and  hand  their  checks 
to  porters  wearing  Badge  of 

"CLIFTON   HOUSE." 

f  OMAIIBUSES  and  Baggage  Wagons  attend  the  arrival 
and  departure  of  all  Passenger  Trains  at  the  Bridge. 

ClFTOX.  C.  W.  ^'  ^'  ^"^^'^''  ^''^'''^'''^ 


I 


i'l:     'I 

1:1:  ; , 


INTERMTIOiYAL  HOTEL, 


iP>«<     I .»  II  (3 


**5JI!J,„, 


TS'  ^fi,     [\        rK\    (If*  nrv 


ylKX  «  .  .         m- 


fm,  *M) 


PROPRIKTOIIS, 

NIAGARA  FALLS,   (American  Side.) 


<** 


Ean(smi2©iisj  iiso2Siiss'©2i, 


W  Stkami 
Mackinac,  Chic 


ADVERTISKMKNT8. 


CHIPPEWA    HOUSE 

SAUT    STE    HI4KIE,    IfllCH 


H.  P.  SMITH. 

Proprietor. 


411MSTR0IG  HOUSE. 

COLLIiVGWOOD,   C.   W. 


IP 


!  I-    . 


This  IIoTroL,  adjoining  the  Railroad  Depot  will  h«  f ..    ^ 

G.  W.  ARMSTEONG, 

Proprietor. 

^  Sticamers  leave  the  landing,  near  the  Ilof.l  ^  -i    r 
Mackinac.  Chicago.  Saut  Ste  iMario.  etc.  '       '^  ^°'" 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


'5 


corner  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  Streets, 

CHICAGO. 

GAGE,  BROTOEB  &  DRAKE,  Proprlclors. 


LTlJ  Llla  £]    ^    jj 


Randolph  Street,  CHICAGO. 
FLOYD  &.   FRENCH,   PROPRIETORS. 


RICHMOND    HOUSE, 

Michigan  Avenue,  CHICAGO. 
TABER   &.   CO.,   PROPRIETORS. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


bpssell'sIiotel: 

I'A.LACE    STREET, 

QimBEC  (Upper  Town). 


fa  louse  i,  fu.Tf:a„!  ,"':^••"''''■'r"''•'''•■■ 


i  :t 


n:i 


^  It 


OHURCH   STREET 

TORONTO,  C.  W. 


Toronto,  ^/,n7  21,  1867. 


il:  ;  llJ 


i! 


il 


m 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


"V^ILSOISr   HOUSE, 

Main  Street,  Brockville,  C.  W. 

IcS  u"eTS  S?se"'tTwm''lf>er^r^,^  "nd  the  public,  H,at  he  hn, 

of  tto  si:t::i::ij!^^^v^::!i:'^Li:^ji^^'^^^  r  '^y^ "- 

enter  at  once.  I.v  stcanilmat  iiito  th,w/!^  I  '  -^  '^'""  "'  'l'^  "mvclor  may 
Islands.  Or  f  the  von  .  f,  i  l^ni  , Vf  m.  i?  f'*"'"""-^  "'^  "'"  Thousand 
ed,  the  local  position  of  Kv  ?c  'ndc^rs  f^  ^  m  >X?wf  •"'■''  ""  !j<^  """'• 
same  time  tlie  most  couveniont  Hn,>t  «>,  1  i  ■  *'  Pi'fieinjr,  and  at  the 

Montreal  and  Quehec  ^        '  '""""S  steamboat  downward  to 

rest,  and  continue  tb-  iS^.^n^v- 'ei^I  Ki?^  '^r  wls  "SffT"'-  "'^h'"'" 
there  being  a\ocal  and  tlirougii  train  Lch  way.       '  f"»owmg  day, 

THE     WILSON     HOUS  E 

pm^!^""^  '"'''''  ^''"^  ""'  '^""•^'''^  J^«'^.  Perm,  FarmersviUe,  West- 

JOHN  BRENNAN,  Proprietor 


ROWE'S   HOTEL, 

ALEXANDRIA    BAY, 


JEFFEFiSON 


Thia  IToiiso  is  entirely  new,  and 
style.  _  It  U  in  the  viein^..f  the  ,r..i^,;:^GZ:nr^' SZ 


CO.,    N.    Y. 

s  flttedand_  furnished  in  flrst-elasi 


SAND  IsLANL.;  Which  ua^'  bee  me^8o„„fedfi;;^tlw.>  ?"''%""''  i'i«  ^"Of. 
scenery.  uoLoinc  so  noted  for  tlieir  beauty  and  fomantio 

tSff-  The  American  Steamers  make  regular  la.idinjrs  at  this  place. 


B.  EOWE,  Proprietor. 


CROSSMON'S   HOTEL, 

ALEXANDRIA     BAY 

JEFFEK80N  CO.,  N.  Y.  ' 

The  proximity  of  this  House  to  the  Thousand  Islands  (.he  great  Ashing 

TZn      "       "  "'  ""'  ""'  '"'"^'"  '""""''"•  '-^«-  "  » -i-'-^ ' 

Tkc  American  Boats  make  regular  landings  at  this  place. 
tSr  rassengers  conveyed  inland  to  any  part  of  the  county 

CHARLES  CROSSMON.  Proprietor. 


jfiteaiaboat  Laa 


I^KE  GEOHGt. 

grou-da.     The    ra'cC Tm     ,^  °*°''™  °'"'  ""I  tafled 

»-e7ance  f™  i r^^t  |p:,„t-°; -^/^ '^ '— of 
Steamer,  , and  and  reoei«p«;^t""     f°  '"""'^''^ 

^'^^''^ell,  Warren  County,  N.  Y 

WOODRF-  ,    ilOUSE,  ~ 

(Opposite  the  Park  J 

WATERTOWN,   N.   Y. 

».  DOBSEY,  Proprietor. 


ST.  LAWRBTOB  HOTEL 

(^"■nero/Fordand  Stat,  street.  ' 

OGDENSBURGH,   N.   Y. 

D.  SOBSEV    P..„^-._^-_ 


i    :(•, 


i/ih'T 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


THE 


FOKT  WILLIAM  HENRY  HOTEL, 

OPENED    FOR   THJi    RECEPTION   OF   GUESTS    ON    THE    IST 


JUNE,    1857. 


This  is  a  iew  Hotel,  erected  in  ]8o5,  situated  at  the  south 
end  of  Lakk  Gkorge,  immediately  adjoining  the  ruins  of  Fort 
William  Henry,  and  a  sliort  distance  from  the  Lake  House. 
It  has  a  view  of  the  Lake  for  miles  northward. 

The  house  and  furniture  have  cost  about  $97,000.  It  is  S35 
feet  iu  length  on  tlio  Lake,  and  42  feet  deep,  with  a  wing  192 
feet  in  the  rear.  Tlie  grounds  arc  laid  out  in  the  most  beauti- 
ful  manner,  with  fountains,  etc.  The  house  can  comfortably 
occommodato  350  guests. 

Water  is  brought  for  the  use  of  the  Hotel  from  a  mountain 
spring,  the  distance  of  a  mile,  and  is  carried  to  every  part  of 
the  house,  furnishing  a  full  supply  of  Hot  and  Cold  Baths ;  the 
house  is  lighted  throughout  with  gas. 

Thp  Hotel  contains  every  comfort  and  convenience  that  can 
1)0  desired,  and  is  furnished  in  a  style  not  inferior  to  our  first- 
class  city  hotels. 

The  rooni.'j  are  all  largo,  with  complete  ventilation,  and  moat 
of  them  connect,  so  that  suites  of  rooms  may  bo  had,  or  private 
parlors,  as  may  be  preferred.  A  Livery  Stable  is  connected 
with  tho  houso,  together  with  an  abundance  of  stable  and  born 
room.  A  Billiard  and  Bowling  Saloon  is  also  attached  to  tho 
IIoncL. 

I"*^  All  communications  to  bo  addressed  to  "  Caldwill, 
Warrp-i  County,  N.  Y." 

DANIEL  QALE,  Proprietor 


ON   THE    1st 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 

COLEMAN'S 

lOITftlAI  HODSI, 

COIlNEn  OF  ■' 

Cl'STOM    HOUSE   SOUAIIE. 

TUs  spacious  IIoTEr.  iT^^^^^i^^^^^  prominently  ,itu 
ted.  commanding  a  beautiful  view  of  the  St.  Lawrenc    and  i^ 
unsurpassed  by  any  house  in  the  city  for  its  stvlo  fin,        1 

7;oT '" "'"'-"  - «'»" '» '^«  ^-  «- 

the  .co„mmmI,.,i„„  „f  ,,;,  g„e»t,,  and  being  d.,c!I!^TaZ 
■'•  WAHUEN  COLEMAN,  Proprietor. 

C*reat  St  James  Street, 

^iONTREAL. 


CtRT  ROOM,  unequalcl  by  any  Hotel  in  Canada 
^  The  TABLE  will  receive  special  attention/with  the  view 
,•     ii'Ji   and  cui-U  UATIIS  can   bo  had  nt  nil  i  "     , 

oMNinuswiH  „iw.ysbo  in  atte^:;:!!" '::;;;:';; 

I  partviro  of  lUilwny  Car,  „„  |  Sl,ca.nlK,at«,  ''" 

PMN  &  IIoaAN,  rroprlotom 


il  k: 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


CLARENDON    HOTEL 

LEWIS  STREET,  UPPER  TOWN, 
QUEBEC. 


Tlie  Prophietor  begs  to  return  thanks  to  the  puWic  for  the 
kind  patronage  which  has  been  liberally  bestowed  on  hiui, 
and  inlbrma  them  that  ho  has  in  many  ways  improved,  with 
regard  to  elegance  and  comfort,  this  old  and  well-known 
Establishment. 

His  DINING  HALL  has  been  re-fitted  according  to  (ho 
PARISIAN  STYLE,  and  he  flatters  hrmsolf  that  his  Table 
will  be  second  to  none  in  the  country.  As  to  the  situation 
of  the  IIoTKL,  it  is  in  one  of  the  most  central  aiKl  healthiest 
parts  of  the  city.  It  is  alw  contiguous  to  the  Court  Ilouite, 
Olympic  Theater,  Governor's  Garden,  Citauel,  Durham  Terrace, 
and  other  places  of  public  resort. 

H.    O'NEILL. 


W.  NORMAN'S  VICTORIA  HOTEL, 

POINT   LEVI, 

OPPOSITE  QUEBEC, 

tDJOININQ   TMK   TKU.MINUS  OF  TilK   (3RAND  TRUNK   RAILWAT. 

Trdvclcr.s  and  Tourists  will  find  the  above  Hotel  a  most  com- 
fortable und  ploosant  rcstingplaco,  having  a  pplcndid  view  on 
the  lUvor  St.  Lawrence,  and  being  surrounded  by  largo  onJ 
beautiful  Gardens. 

Btoaralwats  crossing  from  tho  Hotel  to  Quoboo  OTory  ton 


(BiSUT'OB. 


Jf^  I'ormita  to  visit  the  Citadel 


may  be  had  at  tho  Office. 


This  El 

ncnt  pan 

supply  to 

struotod. 

tJjJs  couu 

story  is  sii 

TJie  Pro 

that  the  I 

public.     , 

rates.    Tr« 

Toronto,  ,, 

imi 

CORN 


kui 


MU 


Hot,  Cold,  and  Shower  Bntht  at  any  minute. 


OTEL 

TOWN, 


tlio  public  for  tlie 

jcatowc'.l  on  liiui, 

ra  improved,  with 

an'l  wcU-kiiown 

UwOording  to  (ho 
f  that  his  Table 
to  tho  aituation 
vl  ami  healthiest 
ho  Court  IIouMO, 
Durham  Terrace, 

EILL. 


ADVKimSKMENTS. 

COIi.Vm  0.  Km  AND  VORK  STMKX..  ' 

TORONTO,  C.  W. 

"'-  country.     Tlo  J.  il  '""'''''  ""'^••P'^^^ocI  in 

The  Pror-.  ■!!,,'  ^''°'"'  "^"^^  ^^''»'«-  ^"lo.set3. 

P"'^'-     -  -Kanont  Board  ^^;,r:7""^^^^^ 

'  rates.     Transient  Quests.  $2  per  day  ^   '''"'"'^^^ 

_To'^NTo.  .rune,  issr.  ^-  C-  JOSLIN,  Proprietor. 


HOTEL,  I  ''''''''■''  '''  '^'^^  AKD  CLAKI.XCK  ST.KI^rS,   ^   ^^ 

KINGSTON,  CAN. 

GILBERT  &  KENT, 

pruNGER  iiousE; 

OSWEGO,   N.  Y. 

MUNGl^i^  &  HON. 


RUNK  RAILWAT. 

otol  a  most  com- 
i«ph'n'lld  view  on 
id  by  largo  and 

loboo  oTory  ten 

ftt  tho  Office, 
ilnuttt. 


PHOI'itiKToi^g 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


SARATOGA  SPRINGS, 

PUTNAM  6l  FAirsr, 

mOPRIETORS. 
This  largo  and  popular  Hotel,  delightfully  situated  opposite 
)      CONGRESS  SPRING, 

is  now  fitted  up  with  every  accommodation  for  the  comfort  of 
yisitora. 

The  buildings  and  grounds  Lave  been  recently  enlarged, 
maluiig  it  one  of  tJio  most  extensive  Hotels  in  the  Union, 


SARATOGA   SPRINGS, 

NEAR  CONGRESS  SPRING, 

HAT  HORN    &    HALL, 

PROPRIETORS. 


AMERICAN    HOTEL, 

SARATOGA   SPRINGS. 

BT    WILCOX    &    FITKIN, 

fleasaintly  bttt'atktj  on  tttk  wkst  side  of 

BROADWAY, 
■r-  lla  *  wny  between  United  Statca  Hotel  and  Union  Hall  I  Montreal 


iituatod  opposite 


the  comfort  of 


5T    BlDii    OF 


nd  TJnlon  Hall 


■A-^VKHTISEMENTS. 

ROYAL  Mlillii^i^j^y^ 

FOR 

Kingston  Cobnrff,  Port  Hope,  EarJington, 
Toronto,  and  Hamilton. 

TltE  rOLLOlVINO 

First-Class  Upper-Cabin  Steamers 

Composo  this  Lino,  viz 
KLVr.STON,  (Iron) 

PASS|.()Hii,  (j^- • -      Howard. 

champion:::: -  max-w""J''- 

MAGNl'/r,  (Iron) .'  .V.  ■.;::; ;;     Smci,AiR. ' 

i  "py  were  uuilt  expresslv  fr.-  t   i 
coinmociious,  staunch    anl   in  .v"^'"  ''"''  ^'^cr  Navigation- 
every  roquiroment  t'r  sSt}    nZWT'' .""'^^  fo.fn.i  wUh 

^r^^y'Z:^Z:r^<:^'  '^""fJ  Basin.  Mo.Tn  PA. 
rn-al  of  thel2oYU    t^i;?„*5/J-7l  ^Acn..  on  tho  ar.' 

«n.l  intcnncliato  ports,  drSwitZf^^^^^  ^'^  "'«  '^''ove 

s  follows:  at  Hamilton/wTth     ,0  J'jr^^^^^^^ 
[ondon   Chatham.  Win.lJor  I^^^.,,iit  S  ^  'T\''  "'"'^"^  «•? 
Iwaukeo,  etc.;  at  Toronto.  witltSM^?/'''''""'^' '^'-  i'**"!. 
Mackinaw,   Groon  Bay,  an"  Tli  rlw  ^"»'"'°''°  ""ilroad  ibr 
It  ^Iapar,l,  with  Iho   Prin        w.  ^^'^^'*  "»    I'l^fo    Michiirrr. 

1.0  the  touriHt  or  pleasnrsVk'     i  "'S^^^'^  «'« 

,<i(>sirablo  convvanca-oomf  ,,-t.,hL  ,  '"^  ''"«  '''^"••«'«  a  nicst 
'P;;«i«g  throufe.  the  cSS  "^/.!^"''*"^^"^''''^P"*«t'•o^- 
///''»^v„,,(/y,/^     .  *y""I   scenory  of  tho   Lu/.r  of  {',, 

Montreal,  J»/c^  4,  jgc;-  ^E'^-  MILLOF,  Agent. 


ADVKRTISEMENTS. 


ROYAL  MAIL  STKAMBOxVT  ROUTE 

BETWEEN 

MONTREAL  AND   QUEBEC. 


THE  MAGNIFICENT  STEAMERS 
JOHN  MUNN A.  Crawford,  Command«r. 

Lcngih  312  feet      Cylinder  72  inches. 
QUEBEC A.  M.  Rudolf,  Commanaer. 

Length  280  feet.     Cylinder  GO  inches. 

CAlilN  F.IRU   REDUCED  TO   $2  aO. 

Carrying  Passoiip;ers  in  connection  with  all  the  popular  lines 
of  travel  from  the  Falls  of  Ni.vgaka  to  the  sublime  wenery 
of  the  llivfeR  Saguenav.  The  grandeur  and  variety  of  the 
views  on  the  Rivkr  St.  Lawkfcnce  present  unequaled  attrac- 
tions to  Travelers,  and  have  secured  for  this  llouio  great  and 
increasing  popularity. 

Leave  Monthkal  at  7  p.m.  Leave  Quebec  at  5  p.m.,  daily 
(Sundays  excepted),  arriving  at  an  early  hour  the  following 
morning,  in  time  to  connect  with  the  trains  South,  and  the 
Ottawa  Route  (during  the  season  of  navigation). 

.^^9-  Usual  Time  Downward,  10  hours— Upward,  12  hours 

Conamissioner  Street,  Montreal. 


niE    STEAMER 


SIR  CHARLES  NAPIER, 

Has  resumed  her  Regular 
Morning  nnd  Afternoon  Trips 
between  KINGSTON andCAI'E 
VINCENT,  connecting  with  the 
Watertown  and  Roaie  Rail- 
road for  New  York  and  Bos- 
ton •    al;<o  with    the    Qraivp 

eto^ 
C1P"  For  FrcJ^t  or  Passage 


For  Fictou  &  Belleville. 


THE  ROTAL  MAIL  STEAMEE 


"■SlSo!" 


CREIOHTON,  Master. 


'i&S 


^ 


"  BA  Y  OF  Qf  JIi\TE,"  I 

F.  A.  CARRELL,  Master, 

Will  commence  her  Regular! 
Daily  Trips  on  the  Bay  of[ 
QuiNTE,  leaving  KingstonI 
cvory  afternoon  (Sundaya  cz-| 
cepted),  at  half- past  8  o'clock, 
and  Belleville  every  morn* 
iog  at  7  o'clock. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


OTTAWA  MAIL  STEaIiers; 


Mfffe;5fcy 


DAILY    LINE. 

MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CUT  (Dytom). 


and  Grcnvillc  llallroads. 


II  &  Belleville. 


MAIL  STEAMEB 


THROUGH    BY    DAYLIGHT 

STEAMER  LADY  SIMPSON Capt  H  W  q 

STEAMER  PHOSNIX.,..  p..„,  1,  , 

GRKNVILLE  TO  OTTAWA  city""""' 
The  Ottawa  Passengers  and  Mails  will  leave  tl.o  Tn  v 
Ra.lro.ul  Depot.  Bonavonluro  Street,  by  the  7  15  J     °' 

daily  .Sundays  excejtea).  connectin^wfth  tb  'sl;        ^'''°' 

uctaiii  lickets  ou  liberal  terms  '  '  -^"taui 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


^^^ 


THE 


Uiiion   Forwarding  Cuiripaiiy, 

Hereby  give  notice  that  their  STEAMERS  will  be  prepared,  on 
the  Opening  of  Navigation,  to  carry  Passengers  and  Freights  as 
formerly,  plying  as  follows : 

"EMERALD"  Capt.  Gumming, 

Will  leave  Aylmkr,  on  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday 
mornings,  at  7  o'clock,  for  all  parts  of  the  Urprn  Ottawa, 
connecting  at  the  Chatts,  per  Railroad,  with  the  Stonmr^r  "  Oric 
GON,"  returning  to  Aylmkr  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day, 

"OREGON,"  Capt.  Hilliard, 

Will  leave  Poutage  Du  Fort  every  Tucsdav,  Thursdny,  and 
baturday  mornings,  at  7  o'clock,  connoeting  with  the  Steamer 
"Emkrald"  for  Aylmkr  and  Ottawa  •City,  rctuvninf  the 
same  evening  to  Pohtage  Du  Fort,  from  whence  pa'songcrs 
take  Stage  and  Steamer  to  Pkmhroke  and  intermediate  places 
Ihese  Steamers  carry  the  Mail,  and  touch  at  all  Stopping- 
Places  en  route,  up  and  down,  between  Aylmer  and  Portage 
vu  Fort 

"  PONTIAC,"  Capt.  Batson. 

pOWxXWARD.— Will  leave  Des  Joachim  on  Mondays  and 
I'ridays.  at  5  o'clock  a.m.,  arriving  at  PKistnnoKK  in  time  to 
connect  with  Stngo  and  Stenmer,  via  Oonlds  Lin'j  for  Ottawa. 

UPWA!;p.— Will  leave  Pembroke  samo  days,  at  1  o'clock 
P.M.,  arriving  at  Des  Joachim  early  the  same  evening,  touch- 
ing at  all  points  each  way. 

T.  A.  CUMAUNG,  Ottawa,  jigent  U.  F.  Com. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


KK  in  time  to 


LAKE  GEORGE. 

T„.  ^^  ^^„  Bn4.T,;;;rsTEAM» 

DEROGA,  the  x\orth  end  mmn.  Georgk,  to  Ticon- 

1807.  '"''•  commencins  oa  the  8th  day  of  Jnne, 

or  iramodiatelyon  ar r hal  jij  ?fr:;"°'^*  "^^  ^  o'clock  pm 
Champlain.  '"'  "**  ^'^^  ^O'i's  f'-oni  the  North  on  w' 

^7;SuirTi^ri^^:.:^:?i^^^^     the  im....  or 

WlnlvhaH  Cars  at  SA«ATor\  'q  "  '^''°  ^''°  ^'^«/<//«i,^a  a„J 
(the  second  Sration  fro^n  SoS^Tr^-,"^^  ^^^^  "^^  ^^'^^^^ 
WARD   (the  third  Station   fj?„."j^'  ^  '"''°'^' «'•  at  i'oRT  Ed. 

Ari«"c"bu"n' °„''";".'i  '".'■«  'i?  b"'  «nJ  „«..  „„„. 

.      rho  Boiler  and  Furnn 

I  injron,  and  are  entirerfire'prSr^  '"^  compartments  encased 

lim^rtved  ki„^d.'°'^^''"«^PP''^^'^'»«  >"«  of  the  most  porfect  and 
•boat  4  P.M.      '  ^^-  P'^^""««-«'  cun  arrive  at  tile  lS  ^^ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


LAKE    CTTA  MPLAIN. 


THE  NEW  AND  SPLENDID  STEAMERS 

OF   THE 
VIZ., 

AMERICA Capt.  Flagg, 

CANADA "      Davih, 

UNITED  STATES '•     Andkrsox, 

Will  make  Two  Daily  Lines  between  Whitehall  and  Rouse's 
Point  (Sundays  excepted). 

Leave  Whitehall  at  10  a.m.  and  10  p.m.,  on  arrival  of  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Trains  from  the  South  and  West;  arrive 
at  Burlington  at  4  p.m.  and  4  a.m.,  and  at  Plattsburgh  and 
Rouse's  Point,  mornings  and  evenings,  in  time  to  connect  with 
Trains  for  Montreal  and  Ogdensburgh. 

Passengers  who  leave  New  York  by  the  Evening  Boat  will 
arrive  at  Montreal  and  Ogdensburgh  the  next  evening.  Those 
■who  leave  New  York  by  the  12  m.  Train,  Hudson  River  Itailroad, 
will  arrive  at  Whitehall  at  10  p.m.,  and  Montreal  next  morning 
at  9  o'clock,  and  OgJensburgh  at  1  o'clock  p.m. 

GOING  SOUTH — Leave  Rouse's  Point  every  morning  and 
evening,  on  arrival  of  the  Tr-iins  from  Montreil  and  Ogdens- 
burgh, and  via  Plattsburgh,  Burlington,  and  Ticonlordgi,  ar- 
rive at  Whitehall  at  6  a.m.  and  4  p.m.,  connecting  with  Trains 
for  the  South  and  West. 

THE  NEW  AND  BEAUTIFUL  STEAMER 
MONTREAL Capt.  Lot  Chamberlaix, 

Will  maliC  D.iily  Trips  between  Burlington  and  St.  Albans,  ni ; 
Port  Kent,  Port  Jackson,  Plattsburgli,  and  the  Islan'Is. 

.^E^  These  Boats  are  not  excelled,  either  in  speed,  neatness 
or  comfort,  by  any  other  Boats  afloat. 


iDVERTISEMENTS. 


FOR 


HIVER   SAGUENAY 
MURRAY  MAY,  RIVER  DU  LOUP 

AND 

KAKOPNA. 

THE  FIRST-CLASS  SEA-GOING  STEAMER 


^*5-?^;^>5 


<ii 


S  A.  Q- XJ  E  N- A.  Y 


_  53 

K.  SlillUfiD,  Coinnm..der, 

WEEVIL""  ?.""""'"  "P  ^''^  '^""^"^d  Kiver  Saguonay  ONCE  A 
WEEK,  Uunng  t.e  months  of  JULY  „„a  AUOUSt!  leai; Sel 

WEDWESDAY    MORWIIVG 

AT  SEVEN  O'CLOCK, 
Calling  on  the  way  at  River  Quelle,  Murray  Bay  n'nd  Vw..  a    t 
getting  back  on  the  Friday  afternoon.  ^"  ^""P'  •""• 

Leaving  Quebec,  also,  every 

SATURDAY    WORWIIVG 

AT  SEVEN  0-CLOCK, 

JOHN   JLAIH^  • 

Commission,  Forwarding,  and  Waucelgent. 
ST   LAWEENCE  CHAMBEE6    ST    PETER  STREET, 

QUEBEC 


ADVERTISKMENTS. 


GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY 


OF    CANADA. 


l^>s  Great  Raxlwav  Line  diverges  from  Mo.vtrkax.  and  run, 
to  the  Whit.  Moui^TAms  of  New  Hampshire,  and  Pohti.a.b. 
Me  on  the  Southeast;  to  Quebec  and  St.  Thoma«  on  the 
^orthcast ;  and  Southwest  to  KrNcsTOx.  Toroxto,  etc..  etc 
affording  facilities  to  Pleasure  T>,^elers  and  Emigrants  nn- 
maled  by  any  other  Railroad  ou  the  Continent  of  America- 
formmg  altogether  a  direct  and  speedy  through-line  of  trayei 
from  the  Sea-board  to  the  great  Lakes  and  Canada  West 


1. 


MAIN  LINE   AND  BRANCHES 


Montreal  and  Portland  Districts  29''  milna  ;«  i.„  n 

sa.'^r"  ■=""■  ^™''  -^'n- "-Sot's 

^'sStford   c"  W^'^'/^'^-nr  ^'^"•'■'^^  "  ''^'•*e<J  88  miles  to 
Kfa'.^  H^-^  to  ^^-  Sarnia.  ifth*: 

^^  For  Through  Tabi.es  or  Distances,  see  pages  823  and 

PASSENGER  TRAINS  leave  m7.tre...  Morning  and 
After^n,  dunng  fhe  Summer  months,  for  PouT.ANnfQuE- 
aEC,  Toronto,  etc.,  conncctins  with  Rf.Pnmov..  „^^  p-m„,  . 
"HM  ruonrng  to  oyery  part  of  Canada  and  the  ri„;ted  Sloles 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


NEW  YORK  CENTfiAL  RAILROAD. 

(.Ccri^^ecting  with  Hudson  River  Railroad  and  Steamers.) 


FOE 


BUFFALO,  NIAC/KA  FALLS, 
DETROIT,  tol;  ':>o 

CLEYELAND,  CI^CiiVMT ,  'ciIICAGO 

HJLWltREE,  MVWIsoy,  R9   ^    J£r.iSD,  IOWA  CITY,      ' 

iHBitju*:,  BiHL  .^aroiv,  i^uiuy,  sr.  pifl, 

ST.  LOUS,  CURO,  &c.,  &c., 

EITHKB  VIA 

Suspension  Bridge,  Buffalo,  or  Niagara  Falls, 

lase  Shore  ItaUroad,  Euffalo  and  La^c  Huron  Kallroad, 
or  Crcat  Western  Railway  (Canada). 

THROIJGFI    EXPRESS    TRAFVCi 

Leave  Dep.t  Of  Hudson  Eiver  EaUroad,  Chambers  aiSta^n^^tr-eU, 
New  York,  at  6  a.m.,  12  m.,  aud  5  15  p.m.  ' 

PEOPLE3'S    LI^"   STEAMIIRS. 

From  foot  Courtlandt  Street,  every  evening,  at  6  p.m. 
PASSEN0EE3  for  Cleveland,   Columbus,   Cincinnati,  Indiao-mohr 

enORE  LAILROAD  from  Buffalo  or  Nia^^ara  to  Cleveland ;  thence  by 
ho  Cleveland,  Columbus,  and  Cincinnati  liailroad,  or  the  CnmnatT 

207  Broadway,  cor.  Fulton  Street. 

NiiW   YORK. 


\ 


AUVEKTrSE.MEM'8 


t 


^^ 


WILLIAM    ROGERS, 

PROPUICTOie, 

Corner  of  Bank  and  St.  Clair  Streets, 

CLE  VE  Xi  A2!VB, 

'  OHIO. 


Omnibusks  run  to  and  from  tho  Railroad  Depots  and 
Steamboat  Landings. 


NE¥11ALL  HOUSE 

Corner  of  Main  and  Mic!ii;i;an  Streets, 

MILWAUKEE,    WIS., 

K  I :  A  IST     &     H  ICE, 


Tins  now  nn  1  rlojjanl  Hoifl  ia  now  open  for  tho  reception  of 
guests,  wli-ro  tho  Trnvcling  Public  will  Had  good  attoudanos 
and  every  doBlniblj  comfort. 


AUVKKTISKMENTS. 


xilroad  Depots  and 


MISSION  HOUSE, 

MACKINAC,    WIS., 

E.  A.  FRANKS,  Proprietor. 

T„,.  old  and  favorite  Hotel  i«  „,0Bt  dcligbtfullrsituatcd  on 

the  ron^antic  Isx„.Nn  or  M.ck...c.  witlun  a  short  distance  of 

tlio  water's  edge,  and  ccntiguous  to  the  Arched  Rock,  Su^ar 

Lo.f,  and  other  natural  em-ionities  in  which  this  fa„,cd  Isla^nd 

abounds;    being  alike  celebrated  for  its  pu,.„  air.  rcnantio 

scenery,  and  fishing  grounds. 


im 


(L\TK  Ifurov.) 

BY   A.    T.   BIIlCIIAIin, 


JLa^ 


Thk  island  irOUSK  ha.  been  recently  furnished  through- 
out  with  Nc^  and  Fashionable  Furniture,  and  su,,p]ied  with 
every  facility  to  make  it  a  First-Class  Hotel,  and  i.  now  open 
for  the  Season,  for  the  entertainment  of  Travelers.  Pleasure 

•  '"*  ^^^  "'^°'^.  who  "iesiro  a  comfortnl  K«  home 

wh>lo  seeking  Pleasure  or  Ifclth  in  tho  pure  ntmoaplu,ro  of 
L.KK  8c.P.a,on,  and  the  beautiful  •ccnory  of  the  surroundirur 
country.  " 


J.  DISTURNELL, 

PUBLISHER 


AND 


BEALEE   IN 

lltaps,  (Surk-'|ooiif 

STATISTICS  WORKS,  ETC. 

No    333    BROADWAY. 
NEW   YORK. 


TRADK   LIST  <5P  ITIIPN,  « ITS  DK-BOOHM,  K„. 

TOWNSHIP  MAP   OP  TIIF   RTXTF   or  WW  vnnc-       i 

COUNTY  MAPS  OF  TllK  STATK  OF  NI'W  vavK     p„„i=oi     u 
MAP  OF    IHE   OITY  OF   NKW  YOIIK   AND  VICINITY, 


Prlco, 
AND   CANADA. 

Small  she. 


pocket  form,  ."lO  cents. 
KAILUOAD   MAP    OP   THE    UNITED   STATES 
»» .  n'*'  P''<"'<<'t  form.  *1  ;  mountPd.  $2. 

pL^nLi^/r'    ^'V^^''^'    ^'^^'^^'^    ^ND  CANADA. 
rncp,  poi'ki't  form,  .''7    d'nis. 

■AnA*^''\r.'"'^  NOUTIIFliV  AND  EASTERN  STATES,  AND  CA\. 

m',nnf'..J  /jk)  ^°^'^  ^'^'  MEXICO.  Price,  p^ket  form,  ♦!  25: 
"i^^^^n^^it::^'''  ^^''^''^'^  ^^^  '^"='^^'^^.  ETC.  Prl.., 
^j^^J^^^^^^^'l^^ll^^^r^  ^^".  ^^""  ^"P  o^-o 


"lyjfJRATEI)  irANI).IV..)K  POH  TRAVELWRg  Tiri>ntr/V..  t,,,. 
KOllln,  t!lr.     Hv  .r.  Cut"   II  ■(ill    |,      Pr  en   with  (\il>\rn.l  \;«r.   *i 


UA 


'URNELL, 

LEK  IN 

.  WORKS,  ETC. 

10  AD  WAY. 

YORK. 

lOOKM,  Kic. 

ORK;  "'.owln^all 

•Ills. 

UK.    Kovlsed  cdl. 

ICINITY.     Prlcn. 

AND   CANADA. 

i.DA.     Small  sItp. 

VTE3,  AND  CAN- 

looket  form,  2.5  ots. 
)  >oket  form,  ♦!  25 ; 

^0,  ETC.     Prio!, 

with  Map  of  Ihp 

0RT8,   etc.,   wilb 

AMERICA!  Km 
cti'.,  together  Willi 
>  tU  Mouth.    AViih 


t1  Emigrants. 
runniTf!!!  the 

y   htat<%   UallroiKi 
Afap.  ♦! 
;ii<{ravo(i  oil  8t»'fl. 

ADA.    Eiigrarrd 
,  TO  evil  Ij. 


